scholarly journals Locate Fugitive Methane Emission from Compressor Station of Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution System for Reducing Environmental Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

scholarly journals Numerical Monitoring of Natural Gas Distribution Discrepancy Using CFD Simulator

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim E. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Minimum Discrepancy ◽  
Gas Supply

The paper describes a new method for numerical monitoring of discrepancies in natural gas supply to consumers, who receive gas from gas distribution loops. This method serves to resolve the vital problem of commercial natural gas accounting under the conditions of deficient field measurements of gas supply volumes. Numerical monitoring makes it possible to obtain computational estimates of actual gas deliveries over given time spans and to estimate their difference from corresponding values reported by gas consumers. Such estimation is performed using a computational fluid dynamics simulator of gas flows in the gas distribution system of interest. Numerical monitoring of the discrepancy is based on a statement and numerical solution of identification problem of a physically proved gas dynamics mode of natural gas transmission through specified gas distribution networks. The identified mode parameters should have a minimum discrepancy with field measurements of gas transport at specified reference points of the simulated pipeline network.

Gaseous Fuel Leakage From Natural Gas Infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nohora A. Hormaza Mejia ◽  
Jack Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Volumetric Heating ◽  
Fuel Leakage ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Hydrogen has often been studied as a possible fuel of the future due to its capabilities to support zero emissions and sustainable energy conversion. Hydrogen can be used in a fuel cell to generate electricity at high efficiencies and with zero emissions. In addition, hydrogen can be renewably produced via electrolysis reactions that are powered from otherwise curtailed renewable energy. One possible means of storing and delivering renewable hydrogen is to inject it into the existing natural gas (NG) system and thus decarbonize gas end-uses. The NG system has potential to serve as a storage, transmission and distribution system for renewably produced hydrogen. Despite the potential of hydrogen to reduce the carbon intensity of the NG system, the unique characteristics of hydrogen (low molecular weight, high diffusivity, lower volumetric heating value, propensity to embrittle pipeline materials) has led to justified concerns over the safety of introducing hydrogen blends into the NG system. While many studies have attempted to quantitatively predict leakage rates of hydrogen using classical fluid mechanics theories, such as Hagen-Poiseuille flow, there have been limited studies which quantitatively assess gaseous fuel leakage to support the predictions made from theoretical analyses and computations. In this paper we present a summary of the literature related to gaseous fuel leakage and results from preliminary experiments which support the idea that entrance effects may significantly affect gaseous fuel leakage from practical leak scenarios such as NG fittings, resulting in similar leakage rates between hydrogen and NG.

Robotic Inspection of Unpiggable Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution Pipeline

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Laursen ◽  
Daphne D’Zurko ◽  
George Vradis ◽  
Craig Swiech
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Non Destructive Evaluation ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Non Destructive

The present paper presents the development effort and pre-commercial deployment of Explorer II — a semi-autonomous, self-powered, tetherless robotic platform, carrying a Remote Field Eddy Current (RFEC) sensor, for the inspection of unpiggable natural gas transmission and distribution pipelines in the 6 to 8 inch (152 to 203 mm) range, including those that feature multiple diameters, short radius and mitered bends, and tees. The system is based on a modular design that allows the system to be deployed in various configurations to carry out visual inspection and/or non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of a pipeline. The heart of this system is a RFEC sensor able to measure the pipeline’s wall thickness. In addition, two fisheye cameras at each end of the robot provide high quality visual inspection capabilities for locating joints, tee-offs, and other pipeline features. The system can operate, including launching and retrieval, in live pipelines with pressures up to 750 psig (50 bars). The system is currently being offered for pre-commercial deployments and is expected to be commercially available in the Fall of 2010.

scholarly journals Quantification and source apportionment of the methane emission flux from the city of Indianapolis

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. L. Cambaliza ◽  
P. B. Shepson ◽  
J. Bogner ◽  
D. R. Caulton ◽  
B. Stirm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Mobile Measurements ◽  
The City

Abstract We report the CH4 emission flux from the city of Indianapolis, IN, the site of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) project for developing, assessing, and improving top-down and bottom-up approaches for quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions. Using an aircraft-based mass balance approach, we find that the average CH4 emission rate from five flight experiments in 2011 is 135 ± 58 (1σ) moles s-1 (7800 ± 3300 kg hr-1). The effective per capita CH4 emission rate for Indianapolis is 77 kg CH4 person-1 yr-1, a figure that is less than the national anthropogenic CH4 emission (∼91 kg CH4 person-1 yr-1) but considerably larger than the global figure (∼48 kg CH4 person-1 yr-1). We consistently observed elevated CH4 concentrations at specific coordinates along our flight transects downwind of the city. Inflight investigations as well as back trajectories using measured wind directions showed that the elevated concentrations originated from the southwest side of the city where a landfill and a natural gas transmission regulating station (TRS) are located. Street level mobile measurements downwind of the landfill and the TRS supported the results of aircraft-based data, and were used to quantify the relative contributions from the two sources. We find that the CH4 emission from the TRS was negligible relative to the landfill, which was responsible for 33 ± 10% of the citywide emission flux. A regression of propane versus methane from aircraft flask samples suggests that the remaining citywide CH4 emissions (∼67%) derive from the natural gas distribution system. We discuss the combination of surface mobile observations and aircraft city-wide flux measurements to determine the total flux and apportionment to important sources.

Investigation of Southern California Natural Gas Infrastructure to Transport and Store Hydrogen to Meet Electric Demand Based on a 100% Renewable Energy Portfolio

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heydarzadeh ◽  
Jack Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Abstract In this research, we utilize Southern California (SoCal) natural gas transmission pipelines and underground storage resources for transporting and storing hydrogen gas for a 100% renewable energy penetration. The goal is to determine to what extent natural gas infrastructure can be used to deliver and store hydrogen to meet SoCal electric demand for a 100% renewable energy portfolio. Hydrogen is produced from solar power generation using electrolysis next to the gas transmission pipelines whenever it is available in quantities greater than the electricity demand. It was found that using four main transmission pipelines owned by Southern California Gas company (SoCalGas) to transport hydrogen from the point of production to the four underground storage fields to store and later generate electricity through fuel cells can transport and store hydrogen sufficient to meet 40% of the SoCal electricity demand. That is, without any investment in additional transmission and distribution infrastructure, and without any investment in energy storage, the idea of building solar farms in the desert and using only the gas system for storage and transmission and distribution leads to a 40% increase in renewable electricity for the state.

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