Theoretical Background and Practical Applications of the Physiological Mechanism of Post-Activation Potentiation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Patikas ◽  
Anthi Xenofondos ◽  
Christos Kotzamanidis
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Practical Applications

Large qualitative models of complex chemical and bioengineering processes

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2107-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Dohnal
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Qualitative Model ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Qualitative Models ◽  
Decomposition Principle

Qualitative model is a theoretical background of commonsense. Complex qualitative models can have prohibitively many solutions (qualitative states). Therefore a qualitative analogy of such classical quantitative tools as e.g. the decomposition is developed. Practical applications of decomposition principle is nearly always ad hoc. Therefore two case studies are presented in details, a chemical process (mixer, chemical reactor, separator) and an anaerobic fermentor.

scholarly journals The International School of Crystallography: an example of continuing education

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1274-C1274
Author(s):  
Annalisa Guerri ◽  
Giovanna Scapin ◽  
Paola Spadon
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
International School ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Local Staff ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Traditional Lectures ◽  
High Level

2014 has been declared by UNESCO the International Year of Crystallography. Following the declaration, many initiatives have flourished with the intent of spreading the science and culture of crystallography, since among the major objectives of the IYCr2014 are increase of public awareness on the science of crystallography, promotion of education and research in all fields of crystallography and fostering of international collaborations. The International School of Crystallography is an internationally recognized meeting that was started in 1974 by Prof. Riva di Sanseverino, with the similar goals of promoting high level crystallographic education, scientific exchanges and collaborations. In 2014 the school celebrates its 40th year of activity. During these forty years, courses have been held on many different topics addressing all aspects of crystallography, from crystal growth theory to practical applications in drug discovery to the use of cutting edge technologies; students and teachers have been brought together in an environment that fostered high level scientific discussions as well as unique interpersonal relationships. Many of the students moved on to become well known personality in the crystallographic community, while retaining collaborations and friendships started during the School. Through these years the School teaching methods have also evolved, taking advantage of the fast technological progress of the past 10 years or so. The School offers both traditional lectures and practical computer-based workshops, to guarantee the students not only a theoretical background, but also hands-on experiences on applied crystallography. The dedication of the organizers and lecturers, the unconditioned support of the local staff, and the unique location of the School have made it a great success and a very popular meeting for generations of crystallographers.

scholarly journals Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process in sustainability in complex projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-157
Author(s):  
Josivan Leite Alves ◽  
Jeniffer de Nadae
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Purpose – Analyze how complexity influences the implementation of sustainability in complex civil construction projects. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the proposal of indicators due to the composition of the theoretical background of this research, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria method was applied. Thus, the sampling for collection, through a questionnaire, was be limited to engineering professionals working in the Metropolitan Region of Cariri, extreme south of Ceará, more specifically in the cities Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, and Barbalha. Findings – In terms of the complexity of the projects, the research participants pointed out that changes made over time and the financial aspects are variables that considerably hinder the completion of the building. Finally, it was possible to notice that there is a close relationship between the indicators of complexity and sustainability, where the target audience of the research showed a strong tendency to consider the most important economic aspects of the design and execution of civil construction projects. Originality/value – This research contributes to the national literature by combining mathematical tools with practical applications. It encourages managers and academics to develop indicators for building a sustainability classification system for complex projects, according to their specificities. It also explains how the AHP determines the weights for each criterion, proposing a conceptual sustainability index module. Keywords - Sustainability. Civil Construction. Complexity. AHP

scholarly journals On the scaling laws for low-temperature plasmas at macro and micro scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
Y Fu ◽  
X Wang ◽  
B Zheng ◽  
P Zhang ◽  
Q H Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Driving Frequency ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Rf Discharges ◽  
Similarity Relations

Abstract The theoretical background and historical development of the similarity theory during the past decades are reviewed. We demonstrate similar discharges in local and nonlocal kinetic regimes, taking the low-pressure capacitive radio frequency (rf) discharges and microdischarges as examples. By using fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we verify the similarity law (SL) and show a violation of frequency scaling (f-scaling) in the low-pressure capacitive rf plasmas. The similarity relations for electron density and electron power absorption are confirmed in similar rf discharges. With only the driving frequency varied, the f-scaling for electron density is also validated, showing almost the same trend as the similarity scaling, across most of the frequency regime. However, violations of the f-scaling are observed at lower frequencies, which are found to be relevant to the electron heating mode transition from stochastic to Ohmic heating. The scaling characteristics have also been comprehensively studied for microdischarges with dimensions from hundreds to several microns, with transition from secondary electron dominated regime to field emission regime. Finally, practical applications of the similarity and scaling laws are summarized.

Online Dispute Resolution

2009 ◽  
pp. 668-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Ebner
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Workplace Conflict ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Opportunities For Learning ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Online Mediation

The past few decades have seen explosive growth in the degree to which disputes that would previously have been litigated in court, or simply allowed to fester, are being dealt with constructively by other methods. The development of the field of conflict resolution and management, and of its sub-field, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), which focus on understanding conflict and on developing processes to deal with it, has provided both the theoretical background and the practical applications needed to transform conflicts into opportunities for learning and building. These developments have greatly affected, inter alia, the way conflict is handled inside organizations and in the workplace. The intuitive understanding of conflict’s combined potential for good and evil in organizations and in long term relationships such as employment and labor relations resulted in these being some of the earliest focal points for ADR.a The task of managing workplace conflict is a day-to-day job of managers (Lax & Sebenius, 1987). Whether formally listed in the company’s organizational responsibility chart or not, the task of identifying and managing conflict is most often assigned to human resources experts. In the age of e-communication, new types and sources of organizational conflict are emerging (Landry, 2000) and organizational dispute resolution experts need to update their toolbox. As HRM makes the transition to e-HRM, traditional ADR is adopting new methods for coping with conflict through e-methods and processes. The technology and skills necessary for managing online mediation, arbitration, and negotiation processes are being developed and improved, and the new subfield of online dispute resolution (ODR) is rapidly taking form. The aim of this article is to introduce, in general, the field of ODR to the e-HRM community, and to elaborate on one process which is suitable for widespread use in e-HRM: that of online mediation. In addition, we will also suggest other potentialities of ODR for e-HRM, in the hopes that this discussion will be taken up and developed by others in both fields.

Modification of BKW EOS Introducing Density-Dependent Molecular Covolumes Concept

2011 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suceska ◽  
H.G. Ang ◽  
H.Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
High Explosives ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Detonation Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Good Agreement

One of the most important tasks of thermochemical codes for the calculation of detonation properties is the accurate description of the state of gaseous products within a rather wide range of pressures and temperatures – from several hundreds of kbar and several thousands of K to atmospheric pressure and temperature. Due to its simplicity and convenience, the Becker-Kistiakowski-Wilson (BKW) equation of state is used in many practical applications in the explosives field, despite its lack of rigorous theoretical background. The BKW EOS gives good agreement between calculated and experimentally obtained detonation parameters for many standard high explosives having densities in the range 1.2 – 2 g/cm3. However, it fails to predict accurately detonation properties at lower densities. To overcome this problem, we introduced the concept of density dependent molecular covolumes in the BKW EOS instead of invariant. The applicability of the approach is verified by comparing experimental and calculated values of detonation parameters for a series of explosives having different formulations and densities. It was found that by applying this approach the accuracy of the calculations for lower densities can be significantly improved.

scholarly journals Jaka pedagogika krytyczna jest (nie)możliwa w Polsce i dlaczego? (Esej metakrytyczny z Henrym A. Giroux w tle)

Chowanna ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Lech Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Critical Hermeneutics ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Current State ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Educational Praxis

The text undertakes the problematics situated between modernity and tradition regarding the reception of H.A. Giroux’s works in Poland, in a view of furthering the study of pedagogy and educational praxis. First, the author outlines the beginnings of openness towards critical pedagogy. What is underscored here is the 1980s’ main inspiration drawn from the resistance paradigm. Then, the author proceeds to the current state of Giroux’s reception in Poland. He illustrates differences among particular examples and levels of the said reception of Giroux’s pedagogy and of the scholar’s theoretical background. The emphasized disputes pertain especially to transcending metaphysics and relativism as a challenge faced by hermeneutical criticism and critical hermeneutics. Additionally, the “critical” horizon of the main handbook of pedagogy used in Polish universities is discussed. The author point to the wasteful efforts at instigating the breakthrough in the reception of critical pedagogy and he exemplifies them by an instance of misbegotten analysis of the allegedly delayed critical pedagogy of work. As a particularly positive example the author presents a new effort at developing critical hermeneutics (and radical praxis) for pedagogy by Andrzej Wierciński. In the concluding part written “in lieuof conclusions,” four lists of critical problems’ dislocations are provided; the problems are both convergent and related to one another, thereby redefining current research objectives and pertain to practical applications in educational praxis.

scholarly journals Future Design: Bequeathing Sustainable Natural Environments and Sustainable Societies to Future Generations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuyoshi Saijo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Human Trait ◽  
Sustainable Societies

“Future Design,” a new movement among Japanese researchers and stakeholders, asks the following question: What types of social systems are necessary if we are to leave future generations sustainable environments and societies? Looking at the human activity impact on the global environment and society, I ask: Why is this society we live in generating a series of future failures that will cost future generations so much? I then argue that the source of such a society could be liberalism and that the market and democracy derived from it will not help avoid these future failures. To achieve this, one must design social systems that activate a human trait called futurability, where people experience an increase in happiness because of deciding and acting toward foregoing current benefits to enrich future generations. One method to study these is by employing “imaginary future generations”. Here, I present an overview of the theoretical background of this method, the results of relevant laboratory and field experiments, and the nature of relevant practical applications implemented in cooperation with several local governments.

scholarly journals Assessing the measurement uncertainty of qualitative analysis in the clinical laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Yong Kwan Lim ◽  
Oh Joo Kweon ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee ◽  
Hye Ryoun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Abstract Measurement uncertainty is a parameter that is associated with the dispersion of measurements. Assessment of the measurement uncertainty is recommended in qualitative analyses in clinical laboratories; however, the measurement uncertainty of qualitative tests has been neglected despite the introduction of many adequate methods. We herein provide an overview of three reasonable statistical methods for quantifying the measurement uncertainties of qualitative assays, namely Bayes’ theorem, the normal distribution method, and the information theoretic approach. Unlike in quantitative analysis, the measurement uncertainty of qualitative analysis is expressed using a conditional probability, likelihood ratio, and entropy. With the necessary theoretical background, the practical applications for clinical laboratories are also provided using statistical calculations. Using statistical approaches, we hope that our review will contribute to the use of measurement uncertainty in qualitative analyses in the clinical laboratory environment.

scholarly journals The Origins of the Postgraduate Programs on Cultural Heritage Knowledge, Management, Conservation, and Communication in Italy: A Vision of the Past as Engine for the Next Future

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2691-2720
Author(s):  
Benedetto Benedetti ◽  
Ilaria Abbondandolo ◽  
Marco Gaiani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
High Level

A discriminating, multi-disciplinary knowledge is a necessary expertise that all the actors who operate in the management, conservation, and communication of Cultural Heritage (CH) must have. They are, therefore, expected to be seriously prepared in many fields. However, a proper training program for them, which effectively combines humanistic studies with scientific ones, is difficult to be arranged when there is lack of comprehensive perspective in the education system. This paper introduces the experiences of the postgraduate programs that were established for many years at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, Italy. Through a calibrated mixture of theoretical background and practical applications taught by high-profile scholars, those programs proved to be effective in the preparation of figures later dealing with the CH at different levels. The clear organization of those specialized lectures, the innovation introduced with hands-on practical case studies and the adoption of state-of-the-art techniques, led to an educational paradigm that is still efficient, whose outcomes also demonstrated how it can be inspiring for future high-level learning programs, which must be oriented towards fostering an aware preparation for leading operators involved in the conservation and dissemination of CH.

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