scholarly journals LIETUVOS FILOSOFIJA – KAIP ISTORIJA, DABARTIS IR ATEITIES VIZIJA

Problemos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Naglis Kardelis
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
School Level ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University

Straipsnis skiriamas šviesiam profesoriaus Romano Plečkaičio atminimui. Straipsnyje analizuojamas Plečkaičio mokslinis palikimas, profesoriaus indėlis į Lietuvos ir visos Vakarų filosofijos istoriją, vertinama teorinis ir asmeninis Plečkaičio vaidmuo Lietuvos filosofijos akademiniame gyvenime ir kultūroje. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad Plečkaitis visų pirma laikytinas filosofijos istorijos kaip solidžios akademinės disciplinos pradininku Lietuvoje, ypač išskirtini jo Viduramžių ir Apšvietos epochos filosfijos istorijos tyrinėjimai. Kita reikšminga Plečkaičio įnašo į lietuviškąjį filosofijos lobyną kryptis – klasikinių tekstų vertimai, ypač pabrėžiant Kanto, Spinozos ir Tomo Akviniečio veikalų pristatymą lietuvių kalba. Atsakomybė, su kuria profesorius vertė Vakarų filosofijos klasikus, formavo akademinio vertimo tradiciją Lietuvoje ir darė įtaką visai Lietuvos kultūrai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Romanas Plečkaitis, Vakarų filosofijos istorija, Lietuvos filosofijos istorija.Lithuanian Philosophy – as History, Present and Vision of the FutureNaglis Kardelis AbstractThe article is devoted to the memory of the late Professor Romanas Plečkaitis. The author presents an evaluation of the extraordinary scholarly achievements of Plečkaitis in the field of the history of philosophy, both Lithuanian and Western in general, discusses the unique force and influence of his professional and personal authority in the context of academic life at the Faculty of Philosophy at Vilnius University, underscores the Professor’s role as one of the most prominent figures in the cultural life of contemporary Lithuania, shares with the reader some private reminiscences from personal communication with the Professor.It is argued that Romanas Plečkaitis was the sole true initiator of the history of philosophy in Lithuania as a solid, scientifically grounded academic discipline. His achievements in various branches of the history of Western philosophy, especially Medieval philosophy and the philosophy of the Enlightenment, are brought to the fore. The superbly conducted translations of the works of various thinkers representing almost all periods of Western philosophy, but especially the translations of the writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant, prominently stand out as an acknowledged classic in the context of Lithuanian philosophical translations. The translations of Plečkaitis with adjacent commentaries as well as precise textual and philosophical analyses are mentioned by the author of this article as being of particular importance to contemporary philosophical discourse in Lithuania and Lithuanian cultural life in general.The achievements of Plečkaitis in the field of the history of Lithuanian philosophy are arguably even more important. In the author’s opinion, the discovery, textual research and philosophical analysis of the extant manuscripts of the philosophy courses taught at various academic institutions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at university- and school-level constitute the most valuable part of the Professor’s work in the field of the history of Lithuanian philosophy. The singular role of Romanas Plečkaitis as an informal ambassador of Lithuanian philosophy to other European countries, especially Poland, is also briefly touched upon.Keywords: Romanas Plečkaitis, history of Western philosophy, history of Lithuanian philosophy.

scholarly journals NON SIBI, SED OMNIBUS: MOKSLINGASIS PROFESORIAUS R. PLEČKAIČIO PAVELDAS

Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Marius P. Šaulauskas ◽  
Mindaugas Kubilius
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Research Standards

Straipsnyje aptariamas profesoriaus Romano Plečkaičio, iškiliausio Lietuvos filosofijos raidos tyrėjo, mokslinis palikimas. Lietuvoje ir pirmiausia Vilniaus universitete dėstytas bei plėtotas filosofines doktrinas ir pažiūras jis tyrė visuotiniame šimtmečiais besiplėtojančios filosofijos ir iš jos kylančios mokslo žinijos kontekste. Esminė prof. Plečkaičio metodologinė nuostata, teigianti Apšvietos mokslo idealų primatą, išliko nepakitusi per visą jo akademinės veiklos laikotarpį. Mokslo ir jo progresyvios raidos principų bei mokslingumo standartų esminė nepriklausomybė nuo ideologinių, religinių bei kitokių paramokslinių istorinių aplinkybių – šis motyvas buvo visų svarbiausių Plečkaičio veikalų – nuo visuotinės filosofijos istorijos tyrinėjimų iki tolerancijos teorijos – šerdis. Todėl ir Lietuvos filosofijos mokslo raidą nuo pat jos atsiradimo XVI a. pradžioje iki XXI a. pradžios jis nuosekliai suvokė kaip sudedamąją pasaulinės mokslo žinijos sklaidos dalį.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Plečkaitis, Lietuvos filosofijos istorija, Vilniaus universitetas.Non sibi, sed omnibus: The Sciential Legacy of Professor R. PlečkaitisMarius P. Šaulauskas, Mindaugas Kubilius SummaryProfessor Romanas Plečkaitis (1933–2009) is the most prominent figure in the scholarship of the history of philosophy in Lithuania. In the universal context of centuries long history of philosophy and whereof unfolding scientific knowledge he scrutinized the large variety of philosophical doctrines and views, which were taught and developed in Lithuania and, first and foremost, at Vilnius university. The fundamental methodological posture of prof. R. Plečkaitis, which persisted unshakably throughout his whole academic carrier, affirmed the unsurpassable supremacy of Enlightenment scientific ideals. At the heart of all his most important works embracing studies in history of western philosophy as well as theory of tolerance lies his conviction that the progressive advance of scientific edifice and its research standards must not depend on any ideological, religious or other parascientific circumstances. Therefore he consistently treated the development of the academic philosophy in Lithuania since its very the beginning in the XVI century up to the dawn of XXI century as a part and parcel of the growing universal knowledge of science.Keywords: Plečkaitis, Lithuanian history of philosophy, Vilnius University.

scholarly journals KRITIK IMMANUEL KANT TERHADAP FAHAM RASIONALISME DAN EMPIRISME

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jauhan Budiwan
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Philosophical Movement ◽  
Philosophical Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind

Immanuel Kant is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that followed him. This portion will focus on his metaphysics and epistemology in one of his most important works. The Critique of Pure Reason, A large part of Kant’s work addresses the question “What can we know?” The answer, if it can be stated simply, is that our knowledge is constrained to mathematics and the science of the -natural, empirical world. It is impossible, Kant argues, to extend knowledge to the supersensible realm of speculative metaphysics. The reason that knowledge has these constraints, Kant argues, is that the mind plays an active role in constituting the features of experience and limiting the mind's access to the empirical realm of space and time. In order to understand Kant's position, we must understand the philosophical background that he was reacting to. First, 1 will present a brief overview of his predecessor's positions with a brief statement of Kant's objections, then I will return to a more detailed exposition of Kant's arguments. There are two major historical movements in the early modem period of philosophy that had a significant impact on Kant; Empiricism and Rationalism,

RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE HISTORICAL PATH OF EUROPEAN METAPHYSICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-165
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kimelev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Form

History of European metaphysics is an object of intensive study in history of philosophy as academic discipline. Reconstructions of history European metaphysics as a whole are the most important form of philosophical historiography in author’s view. The article analyzes some of the reconstructions of the kind.

Habermas over genealogie, metafysica en godsdienst

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
Henning Tegtmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Problem ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secular Society

Abstract Habermas on genealogy, metaphysics and religion Habermas’s impressive history of philosophy presents itself both as a comprehensive account of the history of Western philosophy from its beginning to the 19th century and as a genealogy of post-metaphysical thinking. In this paper I argue that this twofold goal creates a serious methodological problem. I also find Habermas’s understanding of metaphysics unclear and partly misguided. If that is correct it has consequences not only for the very notion of post-metaphysical thinking but also for the understanding of the dialogue between philosophy, religion, and modern secular society that Habermas advocates.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Michael Frede
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Factual Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Question

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the study of the history of philosophy. In general, there is an enormous difference between those who concern themselves with ancient philosophy, those who concern themselves with medieval philosophy, and the students of the history of modern philosophy. And, across this distinction, there is a great variety of approaches. One should not forget that the historiography of philosophy itself in many ways is a product of history and reflects the historical context in which it is pursued. Nevertheless, what this book is interested in is not the factual question of why historians of philosophy do what they do, but the theoretical question, the question of how one ought to conceive of and explain what they do; though they themselves in this work may not in fact be guided by these assumptions and principles, there must be such principles to the extent that their activity is a rational activity. It is also important to note that philosophers tend to criticize historians of philosophy as being unduly historical and not sufficiently philosophical.

Eternity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonore Stump ◽  
Norman Kretzmann
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Divine Omniscience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Necessary Truths ◽  
Temporal Location

The distinctive, philosophically interesting concept of eternity arose very early in the history of philosophy as the concept of a mode of existence that was not only beginningless and endless but also essentially different from time. It was introduced into early Greek philosophy as the mode of existence required for fundamental reality (being) contrasted with ordinary appearance (becoming). But the concept was given its classic formulation by Boethius, who thought of eternity as God’s mode of existence and defined God’s eternality as ‘the complete possession all at once of illimitable life’. As defined by Boethius the concept was important in medieval philosophy. The elements of the Boethian definition are life, illimitability (and hence duration), and absence of succession (or timelessness). Defined in this way, eternality is proper to an entity identifiable as a mind or a person (and in just that sense living) but existing beginninglessly, endlessly and timelessly. Such a concept raises obvious difficulties. Some philosophers think the difficulties can be resolved, but others think that in the light of such difficulties the concept must be modified or simply rejected as incoherent. The most obvious difficulty has to do with the combination of atemporality and duration. Special objections have arisen in connection with ascribing eternality to God. Some people have thought that an eternal being could not do anything at all, especially not in the temporal world. But the notion of an atemporal person’s acting is not incoherent. Such acts as knowing necessary truths or willing that a world exist for a certain length of time are acts that themselves take no time and require no temporal location. An eternal God could engage in acts of cognition and of volition and could even do things that might seem to require a temporal location, such as answering a prayer. The concept of God’s eternality is relevant to several issues in philosophy of religion, including the apparent irreconcilability of divine omniscience with divine immutability and with human freedom.

Socrates: A Very Short Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Socrates has a unique position in the history of philosophy; had it not been for his influence on Plato, the whole development of Western philosophy might have been unimaginably different. Socrates wrote nothing himself so our knowledge of him is derived primarily from the engaging and infuriating figure who appears in Plato’s dialogues. Socrates: A Very Short Introduction explores Socrates’ life and his philosophical activity, before considering the responses his philosophical doctrines have evoked in the centuries since his death. It examines the relationship between the historical Socrates and the Platonic character, and explores the enduring image of Socrates as the ideal exemplar of the philosophic life.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney D. Fugate ◽  
John Hymers
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–62)1 and Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is as profound as any in the history of philosophy. In depth, it rivals such rightfully famous relationships as those between Socrates and Plato, between Aristotle and Aquinas, between Russell and Wittgenstein. More than one-third of the ...

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Scholarly Output ◽  
Systematic Philosophy ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

Through their writing, their teaching, their mentoring, and their broader scholarly output, Gail Fine and Terry Irwin have reshaped the character of ancient philosophy as an academic discipline. Their contributions to the discipline do not, however, end there. On the contrary, their wide-ranging achievements extend into all periods of the history of philosophy and indeed into several areas more systematic than historical. Or perhaps one should say, rather, that their work defies any ready classification as being either historical or systematic, because whatever its primary focus on a given occasion, what they write cannot be pigeonholed as either exclusively scholarly or thematic; for they practice an unremittingly philosophical form of history of philosophy, or, judged from another angle, a historically enriched form of systematic philosophy. That is, as they pursue it, philosophy engages the discipline’s history in a manner animated by its current and perennial concerns, but it does so while remaining fully sensitive to the original context of its production. Their work combines the highest level of scholarly rigor and rich philosophical insight. Animated by a purely philosophical spirit, it is never narrowly antiquarian in orientation. Although alert to matters of text and transmission reflecting painstaking philological care and exceptionally broad scholarly erudition, their work never loses sight of a simple question: should we too believe this?...

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