scholarly journals KOMUNIKACIJOS TEORIJOS IR KOMUNIKACIJOS FILOSOFIJOS ASIMETRIJA

Problemos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Kirtiklis
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
Theory Formation ◽  
Philosophy Of Communication ◽  
Universal Communication ◽  
Different Levels

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama komunikacijos teorijos ir komunikacijos filosofijos demarkacijos problema, iškylanti komunikacijos teoretikams siekiant mažinti partikuliarumą ir sukurti universalesnę komunikacijos teoriją. Tvirtinama, jog komunikacijos teorija ir komunikacijos filosofija turi būti apibrėžiamos remiantis skirtingais jų tikslais. Komunikacijos teorija siekia struktūruoti ir kaupti turimas žinias apie komunikaciją, jomis remiantis aiškinti ir numatyti konkrečius komunikacijos atvejus. Savo ruožtu komunikacijos filosofija domisi komunikacijos vieta socialiniame žmogaus gyvenime bei bendrosiomis komunikacijos teorijų ir empirinių tyrimų prielaidomis. Tvirtinama, jog komunikacijos teorija ir komunikacijos filosofija yra skirtingų abstrakcijos lygmenų teorijos, todėl negali būti laikomos lygiavertėmis. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: komunikacijos teorija, komunikacijos filosofija, komunikacijos mokslo metodologija.Asymmetry between Communication Theory and Philosophy of CommunicationKæstutis Kirtiklis  Summary The author analyzes the problem of a demarcation line between communication theory and philosophy of communication. This problem arises when communication theorists seek to reduce particularism and create a more universal communication theory. The article argues that communication theory and philosophy of communication should be defined through their different ends. Communication theory aims to cumulate and structure the knowledge of communication, to explain and predict particular cases of communication, whereas philosophy of communication is concerned with questions regarding the place of communication in social life and also with theory formation and methodology in communication science. Communication theory and philosophy of communication are on the different levels of abstraction and therefore cannot be considered to be commensurate theories. Keywords: communication theory, philosophy of communication, methodology of communication science.eight: 18px;"> 

scholarly journals DVI ROBERTO T. KRAIGO PRAGMATINĖS KOMUNIKACIJOS METATEORIJOS PROBLEMOS

Problemos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Kirtiklis
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Evaluation Criterion ◽  
First Order ◽  
Philosophy Of Communication ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Universal Communication ◽  
Everyday Communication

Roberto T. Craigo komunikacijos metateorija pasiūlė pragmatinį pagrindą sistematizuoti, tipologizuoti šiuolaikines komunikacijos teorijas bei kurti universalesnę komunikacijos teoriją. Straipsnyje tvirtinama, jog Craigo metateorija remiasi Richardo Rorty neopragmatizmu ir orientuojasi ne į praktines kasdienės komunikacijos problemas, o į bendresnio pobūdžio komunikacijos tarp skirtingų teorinių diskursų klausimą. Būtent iš tokios neopragmatinės laikysenos kyla svarbiausios Craigo komunikacijos metateorijos problemos. Pirma, neįvardytas skirtumas tarp pirmojo ir antrojo laipsnio pragmatinės komunikacijos teorijų. Antra, pragmatinio vertinimo kriterijaus nepakankamumas nustatant pirmojo laipsnio komunikacijos teorijų tinkamumą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: pragmatizmas komunikacijos teorijoje, komunikacijos metateorija, komunikacijos filosofija.Two Problems in Robert T. Craig’s Pragmatic Communication MetatheoryKęstutis Kirtiklis   SummaryRobert T. Craig’s metatheory of communication proposed the pragmatic basis for the systematization typologizing contemporary communication theories and the creation of a more universal communication theory. The article argues that the main problems of Craig’s metatheory are caused by the acceptance of Rortyan style neopragmatism and thereby by the orientation not towards everyday communication problems, but towards the question of communication among different theoretical discourses. First, it does not state the difference between the first and the second order pragmatic communication theories; second, the pragmatic evaluation criterion is not sufficient to ascertain the adequacy of first-order communication theories.Keywords: pragmatism in communication theory, communication metatheory, philosophy of communication.: 18px;"> 

scholarly journals Model-Driven Architectural Framework towards Safe and Secure Nuclear Power Reactors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5136
Author(s):  
Bassem Ouni ◽  
Christophe Aussagues ◽  
Saadia Dhouib ◽  
Chokri Mraidha
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
System Development ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Case System ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
Performance Check ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Sensor-based digital systems for Instrumentation and Control (I&C) of nuclear reactors are quite complex in terms of architecture and functionalities. A high-level framework is highly required to pre-evaluate the system’s performance, check the consistency between different levels of abstraction and address the concerns of various stakeholders. In this work, we integrate the development process of I&C systems and the involvement of stakeholders within a model-driven methodology. The proposed approach introduces a new architectural framework that defines various concepts, allowing system implementations and encompassing different development phases, all actors, and system concerns. In addition, we define a new I&C Modeling Language (ICML) and a set of methodological rules needed to build different architectural framework views. To illustrate this methodology, we extend the specific use of an open-source system engineering tool, named Eclipse Papyrus, to carry out many automation and verification steps at different levels of abstraction. The architectural framework modeling capabilities will be validated using a realistic use case system for the protection of nuclear reactors. The proposed framework is able to reduce the overall system development cost by improving links between different specification tasks and providing a high abstraction level of system components.

Moral und Hypermoral

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Gehlen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Evolutionary Interpretation

Moral and Hypermoral, Arnold Gehlen´s final book-length publication, is an elaboration on basic theses which had initially been brought forward in Gehlen´s anthropological magnum opus "Der Mensch". In this respect, this draft of a "pluralistic ethics" is conceived as an elaboration on as well as a concretion of his doctrine of man. In this book, Gehlen set himself the task of combining anthropology, behavioral science, and sociology in a “genealogy of morality”, thus exposing four interdependent forms of ethics: from an ethos of "reciprocity" via “eudaimonism” and “humanitarianism” to an ethos of institutions, including the state. Gehlen made a decisive stand against the "abstract ethics of the Enlightenment": systematically, his book is primarily an anthropological justification of ethics, conceived as a "majority of moral authorities" and "social regulations." These are not subjected to an evolutionary interpretation, that is, as progress from an ethics of proximity to a world-encompassing morality. Moralities, whether based on instinct or arising from the needs of particular institutions, are always culturally shaped and set on different levels of abstraction. With its broad scope, the book belongs in the context of basic philosophical-sociological research known as philosophical anthropology.

scholarly journals The Parietal Cortex in Sensemaking: The Dissociation of Multiple Types of Spatial Information

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlong Sun ◽  
Hongbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensemaking Process ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
Different Levels

According to the data-frame theory, sensemaking is a macrocognitive process in which people try to make sense of or explain their observations by processing a number of explanatory structures called frames until the observations and frames become congruent. During the sensemaking process, the parietal cortex has been implicated in various cognitive tasks for the functions related to spatial and temporal information processing, mathematical thinking, and spatial attention. In particular, the parietal cortex plays important roles by extracting multiple representations of magnitudes at the early stages of perceptual analysis. By a series of neural network simulations, we demonstrate that the dissociation of different types of spatial information can start early with a rather similar structure (i.e., sensitivity on a common metric), but accurate representations require specific goal-directed top-down controls due to the interference in selective attention. Our results suggest that the roles of the parietal cortex rely on the hierarchical organization of multiple spatial representations and their interactions. The dissociation and interference between different types of spatial information are essentially the result of the competition at different levels of abstraction.

A Comparison of Mothers' Individual and Simultaneous Book Sharing With Preschool Siblings

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Kleeck ◽  
Amy Beckley-McCall
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
Reading Condition ◽  
Book Sharing ◽  
Simultaneous Reading ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Different Levels

Many studies have demonstrated that adults fine tune book-sharing discussions to the developmental levels of preschoolers, but little is known regarding how reading simultaneously to different-aged preschoolers is negotiated. We observed five mothers of different-aged preschoolers sharing books with each child individually and with both children together. Analyses focused on the linguistic complexity of the book, the amount of time spent sharing a book, and on several aspects of the mothers' book-sharing mediation. Results revealed developmental differences on several measures of how mothers mediated with younger as compared to older children individually. Book complexity, the time spent sharing books, and the percent of utterances at higher levels of abstraction were higher when reading to the older children; the number of mediation strategies per minute and the percent of mothers' behaviors that were used to get and maintain attention were higher when reading to the younger children. When reading to both children simultaneously, which aspects of the mediation fell at these different levels varied among the different mothers. This suggests that different mothers reach different solutions to the task of simultaneously reading to preschoolers of different ages. One mother approached the simultaneous book sharing much as she did sharing a book with her older child, one mother approached it as she did with her younger child, one mother simply read and did little mediation, and two mothers appeared to use a mixed strategy in the simultaneous reading condition.

scholarly journals Priming and substrate quality interactions in soil organic matter models

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2089-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wutzler ◽  
M. Reichstein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Substrate Limitation ◽  
Energy Limitation ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. Interactions between different qualities of soil organic matter (SOM) affecting their turnover are rarely represented in models. In this study, we propose three mathematical strategies at different levels of abstraction to represent those interactions. By implementing these strategies into the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) and applying them to several scenarios of litter input, we show that the different levels of abstraction are applicable at different timescales. We present a simple one-parameter equation of substrate limitation that can straightforwardly be implemented into other models of SOM dynamics at decadal timescale. The study demonstrates how substrate quality interactions can explain patterns of priming effects, accelerate turnover in FACE experiments, and the slowdown of decomposition in long-term bare fallow experiments as an effect of energy limitation of microbial biomass. The mechanisms of those interactions need to be further scrutinized empirically for a more complete understanding. Overall, substrate quality interactions contribute to both understanding and quantitatively modelling SOM dynamics.

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