scholarly journals AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO CORRUPTION TYPES

Ekonomika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Gavelis
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Separate System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The objective of the article is to review specific criteria for the classification of corruption in the context of economic relations, to discuss its types and subtypes, and to reveal the peculiarities of transnational corruption in modern conditions. The classification of corruption highlights the significance of systemic approach, as well as emphasizes that corrupt relations can be studied both as a separate system and a subsystem. The article reveals the purpose of a corruption classification, correlation between corruption types and forms, and the main indicators for the classification of their qualitative and quantitative traits. It discusses the impact of most significant economic processes on different types of corrupt relations. Transnational corruption is analysed as a globalization stimulating, competition limiting factor. By emphasizing the danger of corruption, corruption concealment options in transnational transactions under the guise of public interest are discussed.Key words: corruption, corrupt transactions, demand-induced corruption, supply-induced corruption, transnational corruption

China’s Economic Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-148
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engineering Projects

The chapter documents the growth of economic relations between China and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focussing on trade, foreign direct investment, Chinese construction and engineering projects, loans, and aid. The chapter highlights the way in which these are sometimes combined in resources-for-infrastructure deals. It shows the variety of different actors involved in these relationships, including state and non-state actors, on both the Chinese and African sides. It then discusses the role of strategic diplomatic, strategic economic, and commercial objectives in the growing Chinese involvement in SSA. It also addresses questions of African agency and the interests of African actors in economic relations with China. The impact of political, strategic economic and commercial factors on different types of economic relations is then analyzed econometrically.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Origins of the Bodywork Effect (K-Effect)

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Coghe ◽  
N. Nsiampa ◽  
L. Rabet ◽  
G. Dyckmans
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Armor Plate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity ◽  
The Impact

The integration of a high-hardness steel armor plate inside the bodywork of a vehicle may result in a decrease in the overall ballistic resistance. This phenomenon is referred to as the bodywork effect. The effect was examined for a 5.56×45 mm North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Ball projectile. Previously reported experimental work has confirmed the numerically based assumption that the bodywork effect was due to the flattening of the tip of the projectile upon perforation of the frontal bodywork plate prior to hitting the integrated armor. The amount of qualitative and quantitative experimental data has now been extended. In order to eliminate the data dispersion observed after perforating the bodywork, an adapted projectile geometry with a truncated nose was fired directly against the armor plate. Ballistic testing also involved firing a soft-core 5.56×45 mm projectile for which a similar mechanism was observed. A finite element code was used to simulate the impact process for the different types of projectiles. The parameters of the selected strength and failure models were experimentally determined for the high-hardness armor plate. As to the ballistic limit velocity and plugging morphology there is a good correspondence between the experimental and computed results. Nevertheless, an improved failure model is necessary to get satisfactory computed residual projectile velocities.

scholarly journals Models of evaluating the impact of changes technological and industrial areas in enterprise development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Roman Sherstiuk ◽  
Eduard Malevski ◽  
Nataliia Marynenko ◽  
Olha Pavlykivska ◽  
Liliya Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Artificial Changes

In this paper, the authors demonstrated that the industrial enterprises development is impossible without evaluating changes that occur with technological and manufacturing sector enterprises by external and internal factors. As a result of this study on the ratio of different types of external and internal changes, the authors developed a classification of typical situations in which the technological and production sphere of the enterprise. To address the evaluation of changes in the paper developed a set of models assessing the impact of natural and artificial changes to enterprise development based on consideration of the consequences of different rates of technological and industrial areas researched the company and its competitors and provides a definition of the type of the current situation in which the industrial an enterprise that provides grounds for the development of appropriate strategies and measures for its development.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION AND OCCURRENCE OF DEFECTIVE ACTS IN RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad A. Aljassmi ◽  
Sangwon Han
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Construction Defects

Defects can have a significant impact on construction performance. Numerous studies have attempted to identify their root causes, contending that the prevention of defects could be achieved by eliminating the root causes. Yet, their direct causes also need to be considered in order to identify the sequence of events leading to defects. This study aims to classify the defective acts that are directly linked to the occurrence of a defect, in order to provide insights about the nature and the impact of different types of direct causes. The study involves investigation into 272 defects from 81 disputes that occurred in the Dubai residential construction industry in 2009. Results from this study reveal that the majority of construction defects are driven by a violation of practices or workers’ lack of skill and competence. While it is difficult to prevent deliberate violations, increased effort toward growing skills and competencies would be effective in reducing defects, and therefore improving construction performance. Also, classification of defective acts is envisioned as a platform toward a more thorough causal tracking of construction defects, facilitating the identification of latent conditions resulting in defects.

scholarly journals Categorization of Fibers and their Influence on Concrete Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Incorporation of the different types of fibers in the concrete composite has become a conventional approach in the recent era. The culminating enhancement of various properties of the cement and concrete composite by the instigation of the fibers and their feasibility to the various environmental conditions make them stand out in the present scenario. Furthermore, the hybrid fibers in various combinations have a synergetic effect which causes the advancement of two more parameters of the concrete composites. This paper lines up the transformations in the physical, chemical and the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete. This provides the abbreviation of the classification of fibers and the impact of mono fibers and hybrid fibers as well in the concrete composites. Thus the different literature reviews throw light on the necessity, choosing the right fiber and their consecutive effects on the type of concrete composite used. Steel fibers and polypropylene fibers were noted to improve the mechanical strength to an extend whereas glass and carbon fibers tend to have the same effect in lower level which had also become a hazardous one owing to the various chemical reactions. Though the natural fibers have good durable properties, it is used less due to its degradable nature

scholarly journals Hashtag as modern text format in linguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Burikova ◽  
Ekaterina Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
To Come

Nowadays modern Internet technologies play an important role in our life. The present article deals with the peculiarities of hashtags as new text format used in social network. The article presents characteristic features of hashtag text, classification of hashtag functions, types of hashtags according to their construction and the position of hashtags in the post. Different types of hashtags were subjected to the analysis. Continuous sampling method, descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis allowed the authors to come to the conclusion about hashtags as linguistic tools. As a result, five hashtag functions and six hashtag types were identified. These findings would help to understand modern online discourse and to prove the idea that hashtags are considered as meaningful elements of social network communication.

scholarly journals The impact of attitudes towards influencers amongst millennial fashion buyers

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia SanMiguel ◽  
Simone Guercini ◽  
Teresa Sádaba
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The aim of this paper is to identify influencers and the way they affect the behavior of millennial buyers in the process of consuming fashion goods. The paper examines the literature on opinion leaders, ranging from the origins of the concept to its developments within the context of the Internet. The shift from influential to influencer and the different types of influencer are examined and certain hypotheses regarding the role of influencers (including all the influential players) regarding fashion-buying millennials are presented. The paper presents the results of qualitative and quantitative empirical research based on focus groups and in-depth interviews with 22 university students. Findings from this research and their implications regarding the different stages of the millennial buying process are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Hand-Crafted Image Descriptors vs. Off-the-Shelf CNN-Based Features for Colour Texture Classification under Ideal and Realistic Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Bello-Cerezo ◽  
Francesco Bianconi ◽  
Francesco Di Maria ◽  
Paolo Napoletano ◽  
Fabrizio Smeraldi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Texture Classification ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Image Descriptors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Imaging Conditions

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have brought spectacular improvements in several fields of machine vision including object, scene and face recognition. Nonetheless, the impact of this new paradigm on the classification of fine-grained images—such as colour textures—is still controversial. In this work, we evaluate the effectiveness of traditional, hand-crafted descriptors against off-the-shelf CNN-based features for the classification of different types of colour textures under a range of imaging conditions. The study covers 68 image descriptors (35 hand-crafted and 33 CNN-based) and 46 compilations of 23 colour texture datasets divided into 10 experimental conditions. On average, the results indicate a marked superiority of deep networks, particularly with non-stationary textures and in the presence of multiple changes in the acquisition conditions. By contrast, hand-crafted descriptors were better at discriminating stationary textures under steady imaging conditions and proved more robust than CNN-based features to image rotation.

Misfire-misfuel classification using support vector machines

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gani ◽  
C Manzie
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machines ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes the use of support vector machines to perform classification between different types of missed combustion event in a six-cylinder engine. On-board diagnostics regulations require the detection of missed combustion events, which is possible through interpretation of crankshaft speed information. However, current approaches provide no information on the actual cause of the event, in particular whether it was caused by a misfuel (absence of fuel) or a misfire (absence of spark) event. Whilst the impact on the environment and emission treatment systems due to misfuel is minimal, misfire events are detrimental to both. Consequently information regarding the causes of missing combustion events potentially allows the development of unique recovery strategies particular to the source of the problem. In this paper, an approach is proposed that will provide the potential for, firstly, detection of a missing combustion event and, secondly, real-time classification of the event into either misfuel or misfire events using feedback from a heated universal exhaust gas oxygen sensor. In order to evaluate the potential of such a system in an engine control unit, a computational complexity measure is also presented.

Protest und Rechtsstreit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike A. C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Social Law ◽  
Hartz Iv ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Separate System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Action Groups

How are political and legal actions interrelated? The author explores this topic empirically, looking at conflicts over Basic Security Benefits for Jobseekers (SGB II/“Hartz IV”). Via qualitative interviews with claimants, unemployed people’s action groups and unions’ legal service offices, the connections between individual legal action and collective, especially political forms of action of recipients are examined. The findings about social law in action – which has rarely been analysed – show the impact of the German Social law courts as a separate system of courts. The conclusion that the SGB II in action has been experienced as useful by different types of claimants – calmly contributing, anxiously contributing, calmly delegating, anxiously delegating – and that it has sustained the political conflict over Hartz IV challenges theoretical critiques of law with their focus on bourgeois law that treats individuals formally equal.

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