NASAL CARRIAGE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AS A RISK OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
MAŁGORZATA M. KOZIOŁ ◽  
AGNIESZKA SIKORA ◽  
SYLWIA TARGOŃSKA ◽  
ANNA SIKORA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Nasal Carriage

Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Prevention of Nosocomial Infections

Infection ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. J. W. Kluytmans ◽  
H. F. L. Wertheim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Nasal Carriage

New Approaches to Reduce Staphylococcus Aureus Nosocomial Infection Rates: Treating S. Aureus Nasal Carriage

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. S7-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish M Perl ◽  
Jonathan E Golub
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
English Language ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pseudomonic Acid ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections cause significant patient morbidity and mortality. The 2.5 million nosocomial infections that occur each year cost the US healthcare system $5 million to $10 million. Staphylococcus aureus has long been recognized as an important pathogen in human disease and is the most common cause of nosocomial infections. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of S. aureus nosocomial infections that are attributable to patients' endogenous colonization. DATA SOURCES Review of the English-language literature and a MEDLINE search (as of September 1997). DATA SYNTHESIS: The ecologic niche of S. aureus is the anterior nares. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage is approximately 20–25%, but varies among different populations, and is influenced by age, underlying illness, race, certain behaviors, and the environment in which the person lives or works. The link between S. aureus nasal carriage and development of subsequent S. aureus infections has been established in patients on hemodialysis, on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and those undergoing surgery. S. aureus nasal carriers have a two- to tenfold increased risk of developing S. aureus surgical site or intravenous catheter infections. Thirty percent to 100% of S. aureus infections are due to endogenous flora and infecting strains were genetically identical to nasal strains. Three treatment strategies may eliminate nasal carriage: locally applied antibiotics or disinfectants, systemic antibiotics, and bacterial interference. Among these strategies, locally applied or systemic antibiotics are most commonly used. Nasal ointments or sprays and oral antibiotics have variable efficacy and their use frequently results in antimicrobial resistance among S. aureus strains. Of the commonly used agents, mupirocin (pseudomonic acid) ointment has been shown to be 97% effective in reducing S. aureus nasal carriage. However, resistance occurs when the ointment has been applied for a prolonged period over large surface areas. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of S. aureus nosocomial infections and the increased risk of S. aureus nasal carriage in patients with nosocomial infections, investigators need to study cost-effective strategies to prevent certain types of nosocomial infections or nosocomial infections that occur in specific settings. One potential strategy is to decrease S. aureus nasal carriage among certain patient populations.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Medical Students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Mohd Zain ◽  
Muhammad Fikri Johari ◽  
Nurul Shahirah Mohd Husin ◽  
Nurul Syamimi Rozman ◽  
Athirah Ab Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Impact on Response to Adalimumab

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dimitra Stergianou ◽  
Vassiliki Tzanetakou ◽  
Maria Argyropoulou ◽  
Theodora Kanni ◽  
Pantelis G. Bagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Loss Of Response ◽  
Response Score ◽  
Stimulation Of

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Several patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) present flare-ups during treatment with adalimumab (ADA), the cause of which is not clear. ADA is the only FDA-approved biologic for the therapy of moderate-to-severe HS. A previous study of our group has shown that <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> stimulation of whole blood affects the production of human β-defensin 2 and modulates HS severity. It is, therefore, hypothesized, that carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> may drive HS flare-ups. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To explore the association between carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> and loss of response to ADA. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Among patients with moderate-to-severe HS without carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> at start of treatment with ADA, we investigated for carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> from the nares when flare-ups occurred. Flare-ups were pre-defined as at least 25% increase of inflammatory lesions (sum of inflammatory nodules and abscesses) from baseline. Samplings were also done after completion of 12 weeks of ADA treatment from all patients who did not present flare-ups. Clinical response to ADA was assessed by the HS Clinical Response score (HiSCR). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine patients were studied; 24 with Hurley II stage HS and 15 with Hurley III stage HS. Twenty-nine patients achieved HiSCR after 12 weeks of treatment without any flare-ups; 10 patients had flare-ups and failed HiSCR. Three (10.3%) and 5 (50%) patients, respectively, had nasal carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> (odds ratio 8.67; 95% CI 1.54–48.49; <i>p</i> = 0.014). Among 32 patients reaching follow-up week 48, 20 patients achieved HiSCR and 12 had flare-ups leading to ADA failure; 2 (10%) and 5 (41.7%) patients, respectively, had positive culture for <i>S. aureus</i> (odds ratio 6.42; 95% CI 1.00–41.20; <i>p</i> = 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nasal carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> may be associated with loss of response to ADA. Findings need confirmation in larger series of patients.

The Analysis of the Impact of a Mild, Low-iodine, Lotion Soap on the Reduction of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A New Opportunity for Surveillance by Objectives

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Onesko ◽  
Eugene C. Wienke
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Medical Division ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Teaching

AbstractA significant unremitting increase in the incidence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a 500-bed acute care community teaching hospital prompted reevaluation of the efficacy of the infection control measures used. A well-accepted, low-iodine, antimicrobial soap was used to replace a liquid natural handsoap in two areas with the highest incidence of MRSA—the intensive care unit, and a medical division.Over a two-year period, an analysis was made of the effect of soap replacement on nosocomial infections and pathogens. Soap changeover occurred at the midpoint of the two-year period. From year to year, the nosocomial MRSA rate decreased 80% (t test, P=0.005). Other pathogens that demonstrated a dramatic decrease included methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), infections where no pathogens were isolated, and various gram-negative infections. Categories of nosocomial infections that decreased included surgical wound infections, primary bacteremias, and respiratory tract infections. The overall nosocomial infection rate of the two combined areas decreased 21.5%, representing a year-to-year savings of $109,500. As a result, the decision was made to install the low-iodine hand-soap permanently at all sinks within the hospital.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document