Human Development in the BRICS Countries: Similarities and Differences

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Similarities And Differences

WHAT DRIVES ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BRICS COUNTRIES? EVIDENCE FROM ARDL BOUNDS TESTING APPROACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150053
Author(s):  
SMRUTI RANJAN BEHERA ◽  
TAPAS MISHRA ◽  
DEVI PRASAD DASH ◽  
LINGARAJ MALLICK
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Development ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Bounds Testing Approach ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Developed Nations

Rapid urbanization, openness and growth in human development index are some of the leading determinants of energy consumption in developing countries, particularly in BRICS economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Thanks to their innate tendency to converge to the growth path of developed nations, BRICS countries are under increasing pressure to limit high energy consumption — triggered by outsourcing from developed nations. This paper attempts to weigh the relative importance of various determinants of energy consumption in BRICS countries between 1980 and 2016, studying in-depth the long-run co-movement pattern of energy consumption with demographic characteristics (depicting demand pressure) and macroeconomic aggregates (depicting cheap production cost). By leveraging on the trade-off between domestic and foreign demand and by employing the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach, we establish differential effects of various predictors: whilst an increase in population growth rate, gross domestic product and capital account openness exert a positive and significant impact on energy consumption in Brazil, China and South Africa, foreign direct investment (FDI) and human development appear to enhance energy consumption in India, China and South Africa. The growth in external demand and the FDI inflows appear to have pushed urbanization, leading to greater energy consumption during the study period. Keeping in mind the sustainability goal, stronger green energy practices and sustainable urbanization patterns are needed to curb excessive energy sources.

scholarly journals El diseño como herramienta de desarrollo humano sostenible = Design as a tool for sustainable human development

2019 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ángela Pérez Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Development Change ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The One

ResumenLa actividad del diseño industrial se desarrolla en un contexto y unas circunstancias, los cuales, concretados en problemas y necesidades, marcan sus objetivos y su dirección de evolución. El diseño es por definición desarrollo, cambio, y por ello puede generar un impacto en la realidad en la que existe. Las personas son las protagonistas del desarrollo, y también del proceso de diseño, que según las metodologías más actuales, como el design thinking y el diseño centrado en el ser humano, debe generarse por y para las personas, como herramienta de respuesta a sus problemas. Esta herramienta de cambio se proponecomo una nueva funcionalidad del diseño. Sus características se definen mediante una comparación de metodologías: de aquella propia de la producción artesanal, y de la propia del diseño industrial proyectual (tradicional y actual), buscando sus similitudes y diferencias, ydesembocando en una integración equilibrada de ambas, que generará un proceso combinado capaz de originar una mejora en situaciones de subdesarrollo.AbstractThe activity of the industrial design is developed in a certain context and circumstances, which may be specified by problems and needs, settling its objectives and direction. Design means by definition development, change, and that is the reason because it can generate an impact in the reality in which it exists. People are the principal subjects of development, and also of the designing process, which according to the modern methodologies like design thinking and human centered design, must be generated by and for human beings, as a tool for solving their problems. This tool for change is proposed as a new usefulness of design.Its characteristics are defined though the comparison of methodologies: the one used by the craftwork production and the one used by planning industrial design (traditional and contemporary), searching for its similarities and differences, and finally leading to a balancedintegration of both of them, that will generate a combined process capable of originate an improvement in underdevelopment situations.

Extractive economies, institutions, and development

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-339
Author(s):  
P. B. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Extractive Economies ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

Extractive economies can use the natural resource dividend for infrastructure and sustainable development, which involves overcoming many challenges. This chapter sees the BRICS countries as natural resource rich economies that have not yet signed up to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Analysis of the relationship between resource dependence and the Human Development Index for the period 1990–2015 is reported, suggesting that non-resource rich countries tend to have higher values than resource rich countries. Using as case studies two countries that have joined the initiative (Norway and Mongolia) and two emerging economies that have not (Botswana and Chile), as well as one of the BRICS countries (Brazil), some successes and challenges in using natural resource wealth are highlighted. Governance indicators suggest that transparency initiatives can be helpful. Links between extractive economies, policies, institutions, and human development outcomes are complex, requiring long-term policies and commitment. Three specific policy issues for BRICS are identified.

scholarly journals International Tourism and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from BRICS Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10(6)) ◽  
pp. 1944-1958
Author(s):  
PK Mishra ◽  
Himanshu B. Rout ◽  
Debasis Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Model Approach

The aim of the study was to examine the tourism-growth nexus in the context of BRICS nations. For this purpose, the augmented neo-classical growth framework has been employed a panel data model approach over the sample period spanning from 1995 to 2019. The estimation was conducted using PMG based ARDL regression. The results lend support to the tourism-led growth hypothesis when the capital formation and human development exert a positive impact on the long-run real economic growth in BRICS economies. So, the policies meant for tourism sector development can contribute to long-run economic growth through an increase in the share of gross capital formation in the gross domestic product and with the help of improved human development. Therefore, the policy focus should be on infrastructure development, the promotion of investment opportunities, and the development of healthcare and education in BRICS countries. The use of a macroeconomic framework in the analysis is the novelty of this study.

Do Entrepreneurial Activities Decrease Income Inequality and Boost Human Development? Evidence from BRICS Economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092199618
Author(s):  
Ritu Rani ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
National Income ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

This article investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial activities, income inequality and human development in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) nations. The study uses a 12-year time series data (2004–2015) for five BRICS countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The secondary data are collected from Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute (GEDI), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), World Bank indicators and World Inequality Database. Fixed effect and random effect approach are used to develop a model for investigating the association among entrepreneurial activities, income inequality and human development. The study found that entrepreneurial activities will not only increase the share of the top 1% earners but also increase the share of bottom 50% earners in BRICS countries. Thus, the difference between richest and poorest will remain constant, and entrepreneurial activities have neutral impact on income inequality. The other important finding of the study is that entrepreneurial activities have a positive impact on human development in BRICS nations. Hence, personal gains linked with enhanced entrepreneurial activities accrue to both top 1% and bottom 50% earners. Thus, entrepreneurship will increase the share of the richest and poorest in national income and the poorest can also enjoy the benefits of economic growth, which results in more human development in the societies of BRICS nations. The study recommends to policymakers of BRICS nations that they should focus on creation of entrepreneurial ecosystem in BRICS countries, which further enhances the human development in these economies. In addition, the study more precisely recommends that welfare of the society could be improved with the help of entrepreneurial activities. The study analyses the characteristics, motivations and ambitions of individual starting businesses in BRICS countries.

The nexus between renewable energy consumption and human development in BRICS countries: The moderating role of public debt

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Zhaohua Wang ◽  
Quocviet Bui ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Chulan Lasantha K. Nawarathna ◽  
Claudel Mombeuil
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Moderating Role

Cultural, Political, and Economic Factors Affecting the Incentive to Do Business in BRICS Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Prathibha Joshi ◽  
Kris Aaron Beck
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
National Income ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries generally offer some of the best opportunities for successful investment. We therefore examine the factors that encourage or discourage foreign direct investment (FDI) in these BRICS countries. Some similar studies have evaluated the impact of economic risks on investment; fewer studies have explored the political risks associated with investing or how human development within a country can alter the decision to invest. Our innovation is to look at all of these factors, and hence we investigate how domestic economic growth, measures of economic freedom, degrees of political freedom, cultural factors, and levels of human development influence the likelihood of investment in BRICS countries. We find that economic freedom and urbanization are insignificant, but that GDP, political freedom, gross national income, and secondary education all are significant and positive; cellphone subscriptions show negative and significant results.

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