DEVELOPMENT OF THE KAZAKH SOCIETY JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

The article is devoted to the way of life of a famous statesman of the Russian Empire, a Ukrainian of descent, a lawyer, one of the main founders of the court reform and a leader of peasant reforms of the second half of the XIX century, an interpreter, secret counselor Serhiy Ivanovych Zarudnyy. His origin, pedigree, civil service in the Ministry of Justice, in the State Chancellery, in the State Council, as a senator was studied. Attention was paid to his work in the commissions for the preparation of judicial reform, the development of the «Basic Provisions for the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia» and the Judicial Statutes, which were approved in 1864. His role was proved in the creation of the world justice system, in the introduction of jury and the institute of attorneys in the Russian judicial system, in approving the principles of publicity, immediacy, and adversarial proceedings. Considerable attention is focused on the role of the statesman in the development of reform projects on the elimination of serfdom 1861. A special place is dedicated to the scientific work of S. Zarudnyy, in particular to his monographs, articles, a collection of materials on judicial reform entitled «The Case Зарудний of the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia», organized in 74 volumes. It was noted that for his juridical and scientific work, contemporaries and biographers of S. Zarudnyy called him «the luminary of our judicial world», «leading figure of judicial reform», «father» and «soul» of the case of concluding judicial charters. The article substantiates the conclusion that S. Zarudnyy laid down the democratic principles of the judicial system and legal proceedings in the Russian Empire with his activities.

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Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow and Kolomna (Drozdov): formation and features of state-legal views. XIX century

Legal Science and Practice: Journal of Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ◽

10.36511/2078-5356-2020-4-30-35 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Aleksandr Lushin

Keyword(s):

Russian Empire ◽

The State ◽

Judicial System ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Original State ◽

Judicial Proceedings ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Xix Century

The article examines the original state-legal views of one of the most prominent hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov), regarding the form of the state, the system of law, the judicial system and judicial proceedings of the Russian Empire in the XIX century.

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Introduction of Russian state judiciary on the territory of Ukraine (end of XVIII – early XIX century)

National Technical University of Ukraine Journal Political science Sociology Law ◽

10.20535/2308-5053.2020.1(45).226488 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-44

Author(s):

O. Byrkovych

Keyword(s):

Legal Aspects ◽

Judicial System ◽

Appellate Body ◽

Russian State ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Government ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

The Stability ◽

Xix Century ◽

County Courts

The article reveals the peculiarities of the implementation of the Russian judicial system in the Hetmanate in the second half of the XVIII - first half of the XIX century. It is pointed out that the incorporation policy of the Russian Empire provided for the full inclusion of Ukrainian lands in the empire, both in administrative and legal aspects. Beginning with the abolition of the institution of the Hetmanate, the regimental-hundred system, the imperial authorities tried to eradicate from life all the legal attributes of the Cossacks, which were traditional for the population and differed from the classical Russian. One of such attributes of statehood was the system of the judiciary and the judiciary. Having determined the specifics and characteristics of the traditional Ukrainian judicial system, which has been implemented in the Hetmanate since the middle of the XVII century, judicial reforms of P. Orlyk, K. Rozumovsky, the peculiarities of the introduction of the Russian class system of justice are established. After the liquidation of the regimental-hundred system and the introduction of division in the provinces, zemstvo (provincial) and county courts began to be established on the territory of Ukraine, which had a wide range of powers and were divided into criminal and civil departments. Zemsky courts were the court of the highest instance and the main appellate body, but decided only cases involving the nobility. The formal election of judges and their subordination to the emperor was a compromise that satisfied both the government and guaranteed the loyalty of the nobility. County courts were under the control of the nobility, which leveled the transparency of decisions. The lowest judiciary was the village courts, which dealt with most economic and administrative issues related to the most vulnerable. The practice of «arbitration» and «conscientious» courts, whose task was to resolve disputes at the pre-trial stage, can be considered a certain positive. They minimized and debureaucratized the judicial system, forming an effective alternative to county courts. Contractual principles in the judiciary, given the existence of about 10 thousand legal acts, some of which were naturally not known to judges, and sometimes contradicted each other, became the key to the stability of the judiciary in the pre-reform period.

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LEGAL MODERNIZATION OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE SAMARA PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: JUSTICE OF THE PEACE

Juridical Analytical Journal ◽

10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-5-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

T. F. Yudina

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Judicial System ◽

Xix Century ◽

Justice Of The Peace

The article considers peculiarities of the emergence and development of justices of the Samara province in the second half of the XIX century, analyzes the reasons for their liquidation in 1889.

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