Absorption Capacity and Composition of Exchange Cations in Different Types of Coal

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Highly efficient reusable superhydrophobic sponge prepared by a facile, simple and cost effective biomimetic bonding method for oil absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qinyao Xu ◽  
Miaomiao Cai ◽  
Qian Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Bonding Method

AbstractSuperhydrophobic sponges have considerable potential for oil/water separation. Most of the methods used for superhydrophobic modification of sponges require toxic or harmful solvents, which have the drawbacks of hazardous to environment, expensive, and complex to utilize. Moreover, the hydrophobic layer on the surface of sponge is often easily destroyed. In this paper, a highly efficient superhydrophobic sponge with excellent reusability was developed by using a facile, simple and environmentally friendly dopamine biomimetic bonding method. Different types of sponges, such as melamine, polyethylene or polyurethane sponge wastes, were used as raw materials to prepare superhydrophobic sponges, which possess the advantages of inexpensive and abundant. The effects of different dopamine polymerization time and different hydrophobic agent dosage on the hydrophobicity and oil absorption capacity of melamine sponges were optimized. The study results showed that the water contact angle of the superhydrophobic sponge could reach 153° with excellent organic solvent absorption capacity of 165.9 g/g. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic sponge retained approximately 92.1% of its initial absorption capacity after 35 reutilization cycles. More importantly, the dopamine biomimetic bonding superhydrophobic modification method can be used for different types of sponges. Therefore, a universally applicable, facile, simple and environmentally friendly superhydrophobic modification method for sponges was developed.

On the absorption capacity of the nasal mucosa in different types of breathing

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
V. K. Trutnev ◽  
V. V. Gromov
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tissue Cells

Numerous works by Prof. Tsytovich's school, Prof. Viktorov's physiological laboratory and Prof. Trutnev's clinic with the elimination of dyestuffs from the body during different types of breathing have shown that in oral and tracheal breathing dyestuffs are delayed much longer and are distributed in the tissues differently than in the nasal breathing. This is explained by the fact that the movement of the intra-tissue fluid washing the tissue cells is slower with mouth breathing. The latter affects the nutrition of the cells, their metabolism, which in turn is accompanied by a change in their normal state, the constitution of each cell individually and the body as a whole.

Retention Curves of Different Types of Sandstone

2014 ◽  
Vol 982 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Záleská ◽  
Milena Pavlíková ◽  
Zbyšek Pavlík ◽  
Robert Černý
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Pressure Plate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Potential Curves ◽  
Plate Apparatus

Retention curve is the basic material property used in models for simulation of moisture storage in porous materials. The measurement of retention curves (also called suction curves, capillary potential curves, capillary-pressure functions and capillary-moisture relationships) is described in this paper. The water storage of different types of sandstone, the materials frequently used on the Czech territory for many centuries mainly for architectonic details and sculptures, is studied in using pressure plate apparatus. The obtained data gives information on materials behaviour in contact with liquid water and on their absorption capacity.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation for Some Properties of PMMA Denture Base Strengthened by Different Nanoadditives

2020 ◽  
pp. 2913-2925
Author(s):  
Zaynab N. Rasheed Alraziqi ◽  
Hadeel Salah Mansoor
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Prepared Nanoparticles ◽  
Different Types

In dental and medical applications, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been widely accepted due to the excellent biocompatibility and easy fabrication. Yet, some of the physical and mechanical characteristics of this compound are considered inferior. Seven groups of PMMA nano-composite samples were reported to be fabricated at laboratory temperature . These samples could be used in manufacturing the complete or partial maxillary denture base. The aim of this research is to prepare nano-composite materials which consist of PMMA as a matrix material and two different types of powder (prepared nanoparticles of SnO2 and natural egg shell powder (ESP)) as strengthening materials. The selected additives were used in many cases as pure or hybrid composites, specifically with weight percentage ratios of 1 and 2 wt%. Several analytical tests, namely AFM, FTIR, XRD and SEM, were used on the prepared nanoparticles. In addition, several tests were applied to assess the mechanical behavior before and after the reinforcement, including thermal conductivity, Vickers micro-Hardness, and water absorption. The results showed that the maximum amount of energy absorption in the composites was 1% at different types of additives, while a significant increase in thermal conductivity was recorded as the SnO2NPs percentage was increased. For surface micro-hardness, an obvious trend of increase was observed with the increase in additive percentage. The highest measured values of micro-hardness (19.59VHS and 13.30VHS) were recorded for the pure composites of 2% ESP and 2% SnO2, respectively. The results of water absorption test showed that higher percentages of ESP and SnO2, separately, within the pure composite resulted in higher water absorption capacity and an increased  value of diffusion coefficient (D).

Absorption-induced Deformations of Nanofiber Yarns and Nanofibrous Webs

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Monaenkova ◽  
Taras Andrukh ◽  
Kostya Kornev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Yarn Diameter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Flexibility

AbstractCurrent advances in manufacturing of nanotubular and nanofibrous materials with high surface- to - volume ratios call for the development of adequate characterization methods and predictive estimates of the materials absorption capacity. Extremely high flexibility of these materials poses a challenge: their pore structure easily changes upon contact with the fluid in question. One more complication is that the absorption process is sufficiently fast: one hundred micron droplets disappear in milliseconds. This paper sets a physical basis for analyses of absorption processes in nanotubular and nanofibrous materials. As an example, we study absorption of droplets by yarns made of nanofibers and nanofibrous webs. We show that absorption can induce different types of deformations: visible deformations of the yarn profile and deformations of the yarn diameter/length caused by the capillary forces. Using experimental data and theory, we estimate elastic and transport characteristics of the nanofibrous materials. The reported experiments and proposed theory open a new area of research on absorption-induced deformations of nanotubular and nanofibrous materials and show their potential applications as sensors to probe minute amount of absorbable liquids.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ALVEOGRAPH CHARACTERISTIC OF FLOUR OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMON WHEAT AND SPELT WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
D. Zhygunov ◽  
I. Toporash ◽  
Y. Barkovska ◽  
Y. Yehorshyn
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Waxy Wheat ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Added Water

Practice of processing of new types of wheat is widespread in the world, but it’s almost unknown in the CIS countries, because selection for many years aimed at obtaining exclusively high protein bread-baking varieties of wheat. But not known what technological properties of flour possesses from wheat types of a special intended purpose, and that it’s necessary to consider when conducting varietal grinding of such raw material. The alveograph measures the viscoelastic properties of wheat flour. According to the standard method ISO 27971 the amount of added water is initially calibrated directly as a percentage of dough moisture. This method is designed for standard types of flour and may not be suitable for evaluating the rheological properties of flour with different water absorption capacity. To find out the properties of new types, standard methods may not be suitable, therefore, methods should be studied and adapted if necessary. To investigate the relationship between water absorption capacity and viscoelastic properties of the dough, alveograph tests were conducted on eight flour samples obtained from different types of wheat. The studies were performed using a standard test (calculated for WAC of flour = 53%) and a test with adaptive moistening, for which the amount of added water was calculated according to the water absorption capacity (WAC) of the flour, which was determined on mixolab. Flour from common red wheat (Kuyalnik) is the benchmark of common bakery wheat and according to the results of standard alveogram has the highest strength (W) and elasticity (Ie) of all samples. The wheat with W= 43910-4J corresponds to strong wheat (W>20010-4J). The addition of water in accordance with the WAC softens the dough W=26010-4J, but it`s still optimal for bakery purposes. The results of studies of common black wheat (Chornobrova) correlate with the results of wheat Kuyalnik, but the baking properties were worse. For waxy wheat (Sofiika), the test on the alveograph with adaptive moistening gave her more water, which led to an increase in elasticity (Ie=52.4%) and extensibility (L=77 mm) and became closer to an optimal P/L ratio (0.74) that was more suitable for the bake bread (0.8-1.2). Flour from soft wheat is expected to have average baking properties (W>15510-4J), but in all respects it is slightly better than Chornobrova. Adaptive moistening, unlike the sharp deterioration of rheological characteristic of Chornobrova, does not alter the properties of the Belyava and Oksana dough, due to the low WAC value (53.8% and 54.0%). Spelt wheat flour has low strength(W<6210-4J), lower P/L ratio 0.25-0.50 and unsuitable (fluid, sticky) test consistency. All samples of Spelt with adaptive moistening showed similar result – its decrease of P indicator and increase of extensibility (L). In a result we observe decrease of P/L ratio to 0.18-0.29, thus indicating extremely extensible doughs with very little elasticity. For all samples, with adaptive moistening a decrease in resistance to extension (P) and an increase in extensibility (L) are observed, in a result of the decline in the P/L ratio. Adaptive moistening for common wheat (Kuyalnik) will show the change in P and L and the P/L ratio in real cooking conditions, since the standard alveograph test assesses only the potential of wheat. By adjusting the amount of water, we can achieve optimal dough characteristics for different products. For soft and spelt wheat, adaptive moistening is not necessary, because the WAC and moisture content are the same, and according to the standard of the experiment. It is advisable to carry out an alveograph test with adapted moistening for waxy wheat, that giving it more water, which leads to an increase in elasticity and extensibility, as a consequence, and leading to an optimal P/L ratio that was more suitable for the bake bread (0.8-1.2). Based on its special application, it is necessary to develop specific recommendations for determining its properties on the alveograph.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj&gt; 0 for eachj&gt; 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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