The algorithm for reconstructing the vertical distribution of sources and sinks of a substance in the atmospheric boundary laye

AbstractSurface melting of High Mountain Asian debris-covered glaciers shapes the seasonal water supply to millions of people. This melt is strongly influenced by the spatially variable thickness of the supraglacial debris layer, which is itself partially controlled by englacial debris concentration and melt-out. Here, we present measurements of deep englacial debris concentrations from debris-covered Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, based on four borehole optical televiewer logs, each up to 150 m long. The mean borehole englacial debris content is ≤ 0.7% by volume in the glacier’s mid-to-upper ablation area, and increases to 6.4% by volume near the terminus. These concentrations are higher than those reported for other valley glaciers, although those measurements relate to discrete samples while our approach yields a continuous depth profile. The vertical distribution of englacial debris increases with depth, but is also highly variable, which will complicate predictions of future rates of surface melt and debris exhumation at such glaciers.

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A case study on the vertical distribution and characteristics of aerosols using ground-based raman lidar, satellite and model over Western India

International Journal of Remote Sensing ◽

10.1080/01431161.2021.1938737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (17) ◽

pp. 6421-6436

Author(s):

Sourita Saha ◽

Som Sharma ◽

K. Niranjan Kumar ◽

Prashant Kumar ◽

Vaidehi Joshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Western India ◽

Raman Lidar ◽

The Vertical Distribution

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A Modified Freeze-Core Technique to Quantify the Depth Distribution of Fauna in Stony Streambeds

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f83-084 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 637-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. W. Pugsley ◽

H. B. N. Hynes

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Benthic Invertebrates ◽

Depth Distribution ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Freezing Front ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Freeze Core ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

The Vertical Distribution

A freeze-coring device using liquid nitrogen is described, which enables one person to take a columnar core, extending from the surface to at least 50 cm below a stony streambed. An experiment to validate the technique showed that animals did not flee from the advance of the freezing-front. Using frozen streambed cores, the vertical distribution of benthic invertebrates of two streams in southern Ontario was investigated. In contrast to previous estimates,~70% of the fauna was found in the top 10 cm of the streambed, and invertebrate densities were often lower by an order of magnitude. These differences are attributed to problems of quantifying previous sampling methods.

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