scholarly journals Metric characteristics of human limb bones in Asian and Japanese populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASATOMI KUDAKA ◽  
HITOSHI FUKASE ◽  
RYOSUKE KIMURA ◽  
TSUNEHIKO HANIHARA ◽  
HIROFUMI MATSUMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limb Bones ◽  
Human Limb

scholarly journals Comparative study of mechanical stresses in human limb bones

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Doina Drăgulescu ◽  
Lucian Rusu ◽  
Vlad Morcovescu ◽  
Cris Precup
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Human Limb

Human fetuses and limb asymmetry: No evidence for directional asymmetry and support for fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental instability

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Ten Broek ◽  
Liliane Wijnaendts ◽  
Frietson Galis ◽  
Stefan Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Limb Asymmetry ◽  
Human Limb

AbstractThe often observed directional asymmetry in human limb bones could have a genetic basis. Alternatively, differences in limbs across sides could emerge from different mechanical loadings on the left and right side as a result of behavioral lateralization. Because handedness in itself has a genetic basis, it has been suggested that directional asymmetry in limbs could develop prenatally as a pre-adaptation to adult life. The developmental origins of limb asymmetry and the presence of directional asymmetry have important implications for the use of directionally random asymmetry (i.e., fluctuating asymmetry) as a measure of developmental instability (the inability of an organism to buffer its development against random noise). We study asymmetry in limb bones of deceased fetuses. We predict that if the direct effects of handedness (asymmetric mechanical loadings) would predominantly affect directional asymmetry, it would be absent in fetal limbs. However, because genes involved in the asymmetrical positioning of internal organs (situs solitus) also play a role in limb development, directional asymmetry may also emerge during early fetal stages. In a sample of over 500 fetuses, no indication of directional asymmetry was found in several limb bones. In addition, directional asymmetry did not emerge in the older fetuses either. We suggest that morphological asymmetries in fetal limb bones corresponded to fluctuating asymmetry measuring developmental instability. High levels of developmental integration found in our dataset could explain the overall low levels of asymmetry found in our study.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Mechanical Stresses in Human Limb Bones

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Doina Drăgulescu ◽  
Lucian Rusu ◽  
Vlad Morcovescu ◽  
Cris Precup
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Human Limb

This research studies the upper and lower limb bones of elderly persons. The measurements of compressive, tensile and bending forces were performed on 147 specimens: 72 in a compression trial, 21 in a tensile trial and 54 in a bending trial. Bones were extracted from 38 cadavers (60–70-years-old at the time of death). Experimental protocols were developed to minimise the possible errors in obtaining the data. All results were statistically processed. There was a significant difference between the results of both the tensile and bending trials and the compression trial (p = 0.08). Significant differences were observed between the results of the compression test in proximal versus distal ends of the bones (femur, tibia and humerus). After the removal of outlying results, an F-test analysis was performed on all remaining values, establishing different correlation levels between the groups of results. These results were compared with those published by other researchers.

scholarly journals Fundamental ratios and logarithmic periodicity in human limb bones

2013 ◽  
Vol 222 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Pietak ◽  
Siyan Ma ◽  
Caroline W. Beck ◽  
Mark D. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Limb Bones ◽  
Human Limb

Hybrid Control of the Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Huang ◽  
Ryan Ryan Steger ◽  
H. Kazerooni
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Mixed Control ◽  
Stance Control ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Human Limb ◽  
Careful Design

The first functional load-carrying and energetically autonomous exoskeleton was demonstrated at U.C. Berkeley, walking at the average speed of 0.9 m/s (2 mph) while carrying a 34 kg (75 lb) payload. The original BLEEX sensitivity amplification controller, based on positive feedback, was designed to increase the closed loop system sensitivity to its wearer’s forces and torques without any direct measurement from the wearer. The controller was successful at allowing natural and unobstructed load support for the pilot. This article presents an improved control scheme we call “mixed” control that adds robustness to changing BLEEX backpack payload. The walking gait cycle is divided into stance control and swing control phases. Position control is used for the BLEEX stance leg (including torso and backpack) and the sensitivity amplification controller is used for the swing leg. The controller is also designed to smoothly transitions between these two schemes as the pilot walks. With mixed control, the controller does not require a good model of the BLEEX torso and payload, which is difficult to obtain and subject to change as payload is added and removed. As a tradeoff, the position control used in this method requires the human to wear seven inclinometers to measure human limb and torso angles. These additional sensors require careful design to securely fasten them to the human and increase the time to don (and doff) BLEEX.

On a Distinctive Featureof the Andronovo (Fedorovka) Funerary Rites in the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
V. I. Molodin ◽  
M. S. Nesterova ◽  
L. S. Kobeleva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
Burial Practice ◽  
Ritual Activity ◽  
Funerary Rites ◽  
Burial Rite

This article summarizes the findings relating to a spatially localized group of graves at the Andronovo (Fedorovka) cemetery Tartas-1 in the Baraba forest-steppe. Several rows of graves combine with ash pits suggestive of ritual activity. In the infill of graves, there were ash lenses with mammal and fish bones, and potsherds with traces showing the signs of applied heat. Ash had been taken from nearby ash pits with similar infill and artifacts. Faunal remains from graves and ash pits (limb bones of cattle, sheep/goat, and horse) indicate sacrificial offerings. In the ash layer of grave No. 282, there was an incomplete human burial, also believed to be a sacrifice. Features such as the orientation of the graves, their alignment, the position of human remains, and the grave goods in that area are similar to the Andronovo (Fedorovka) burial practice and do not differ from those in other parts of the cemetery. No complete parallels to this rite have been revealed. Some similarities, such as the use of ash, and the presence of animal bones, sacrificial pits, etc. at other sites are listed. A reconstruction of the funerary sequence and possible interpretations are considered. It is concluded that those graves were left by a group of Andronovo migrants who maintained close ties with the native population. Unusual features of the burial rite, therefore, can reflect an attempt to consolidate the immigrant groups on the basis of traditional ritual practices, where the major role was played by fire and its symbols.

scholarly journals An elephant-sized Late Triassic synapsid with erect limbs

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 363 (6422) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sulej ◽  
Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Mammalian Evolution ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Latest Eocene

Here, we describe the dicynodontLisowicia bojani, from the Late Triassic of Poland, a gigantic synapsid with seemingly upright subcursorial limbs that reached an estimated length of more than 4.5 meters, height of 2.6 meters, and body mass of 9 tons.Lisowiciais the youngest undisputed dicynodont and the largest nondinosaurian terrestrial tetrapod from the Triassic. The lack of lines of arrested growth and the highly remodeled cortex of its limb bones suggest permanently rapid growth and recalls that of dinosaurs and mammals. The discovery ofLisowiciaoverturns the established picture of the Triassic megaherbivore radiation as a phenomenon restricted to dinosaurs and shows that stem-group mammals were capable of reaching body sizes that were not attained again in mammalian evolution until the latest Eocene.

Human limb-specific and non-limb-specific brain representations during kinesthetic illusory movements of the upper and lower extremities

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 3476-3487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Naito ◽  
Tokuro Nakashima ◽  
Tomonori Kito ◽  
Yu Aramaki ◽  
Tomohisa Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Human Limb
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document