Mechanism of Lipid Deposition on Arterial Wall

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-398
Author(s):  
Mototaka MURAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Lipid Deposition

Localized vessel expression of lipoprotein lipase in rabbits leads to rapid lipid deposition in the balloon-injured arterial wall

2006 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Wu ◽  
Jinyu Wang ◽  
Jianglin Fan ◽  
Mingzhe Chen ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Lipid Deposition

Abstract 2779: Two- Dimentional Imaging Of Lipids Deposited In The Coronary Plaques By Near-infrared Fluorescence Angioscopy

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumi Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
List Type ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Deep Layers

Background: The lipids deposited deep in the vascular wall are hardly detectable by any available imaging modalities including IVUS and OCT. Since near-infrared (NIR) light penetrates relatively deeply into the tissues, we devised a near-infrared fluorescence angioscope (NIRFA) for two dimensional imaging of lipids deposited even in deep layers of vascular wall. Aim: To examine feasibility of NIRFA for imaging of lipids in coronary arterial wall in man. Methods: NIRFA is composed of a quartz fiberscope incorporated in 5F balloon catheter, fluorescence exciter, fluorescence emitter, ICCD and recorder. NIR exciter filter of 710nm and emitter filter of 780nm were employed since among the major 30 substances composing atherosclerotic plaques, free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters alone exhibit NIR autofluorescence while oxLDL and TG not. In vitro study: Coronary artery removed from human cadaver was perfused with saline and an angioscope was introduced into it for imaging of lipids and the obtained NIR images were compared with histology. Clinical study: During routine coronary angiography, lipid deposition in the coronary artery was surveyed by NIRFA in 7 patients with coronary artery disease. Results: In vitro study. Coronary segments without lipid deposition by histology did not exhibit autofluorescence. Those with lipid deposition by histology, the lipids deposited within 700μm in depth from luminal surface exhibited autofluorescence. Deposited lipids not forming lipid pool exhibited strong and homogenous autofluorescence. Lipid pool exhibited no or weak autofluorescence surrounded by strong ones, indicating it is filled with oxLDL and/or TG. Clinical study. Autofluorescence was frequently detected not only in yellow plaques but also in white plaques by conventional angioscopy and hard plaques by IVUS. Also, autofluorescence was frequently detected in apparently normal coronary segments. Conclusion: The results indicate that this NIRFA is feasible for two dimensional imaging of lipids deposited even in deep layers of coronary arterial wall which are not detectable by conventional angioscopy, OCT and IVUS.

Abstract MP09: Effect of Estradiol Therapy on Arterial Wall Echomorphology in the Early versus Late Intervention Trial With Estradiol(elite)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Karim ◽  
Wenrui Xu ◽  
Howard N Hodis ◽  
Naoko Kono ◽  
Intira Sriprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Carotid Arterial ◽  
Early Postmenopause

Objective: The effect of estradiol therapy (ET) has been evaluated on atherosclerosis progression measured by carotid artery wall thickness. Echogenicity of the arterial wall, a measure of lipid deposition, has not been investigated in relation to ET. Methods: This is a secondary analysis from ELITE. A total of 643 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized within time-since-menopause strata (early (<6 years) and late (>10 years) postmenopause) to daily 1 mg estradiol or placebo. The atherosclerosis outcome for the current analysis is grey scale median (GSM, unitless), a qualitative measure of atherosclerosis based on echogenicity obtained by high resolution ultrasonography of the common carotid arterial wall. Lower GSM values indicate more lipid deposition. GSM and serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) were assessed every 6 months over a median 5-year trial period. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to compare the rate of GSM progression between the randomized groups within time-since-menopause strata. The association of mean on-trial serum E2 levels with GSM progression was also tested using similar mixed effects model. Results: The effect of ET on the annual rate of GSM progression significantly differed between early and late postmenopause strata (p-value for interaction = 0.006). Annual GSM progression rate (95% confidence interval) among women in early postmenopause decreased by -0.30 (-0.63, 0.04) per year among women taking ET compared to -1.41 (-1.77, -1.06) per year among the placebo group (p<0.0001). In contrast, the annual GSM progression rate was not significantly different between ET and placebo among the late postmenopausal women (p=0.37). The positive association between mean on-trial E2 level (pg/ml) and GSM progression rate was stronger and significant among early postmenopausal women (0.008 (0.0007, 0.016)) compared to women in the late postmenopause group (0.003 (-0.006, 0.01)). However, this differential association between E2 level and GSM progression rate was not statistically significant (p-value for interaction = 0.33). Conclusion: Compared to placebo, oral ET significantly reduced progression of lipid deposition in the carotid arterial wall among women in early postmenopause. ET had no such beneficial effect in late postmenopause. Associations between serum estradiol levels and lipid deposition validated those findings. Qualitative assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis (GSM) complements the anatomic assessment by carotid artery intima-media thickness.

Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Richard L. Klein ◽  
Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

66 Arterial wall properties in patients with chronic heart failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Z KOBALAVA ◽  
V MOISEEV ◽  
Y KOTOVSKAYA ◽  
G KIYAKBAEV ◽  
E OZOVA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Wall Properties

Interventional Thermal Injury of the Arterial Wall: Unfolding of von Willebrand Factor and Its Increased Binding to Collagen after 55° C Heating

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (03) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Post ◽  
Anke N de Graaf-Bos ◽  
George Posthuma ◽  
Philip G de Groot ◽  
Jan J Sixma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Collagen Types ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Summary Purpose. Thermal angioplasty alters the thrombogenicity of the arterial wall. In previous studies, platelet adhesion was found to increase after heating human subendothelium to 55° C and decrease after heating to 90° C. In the present electron microscopic study, the mechanism of this temperature-dependent platelet adhesion to the heated arterial wall is elucidated by investigating temperature-dependent conformational changes of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and collagen types I and III and the binding of vWF to heated collagen. Methods. Purified vWF and/or collagen was applied to electron microscopic grids and heated by floating on a salt-solution of 37° C, 55° C or 90° C for 15 s. After incubation with a polyclonal antibody against vWF and incubation with protein A/gold, the grids were examined by electron microscopy. Results. At 37° C, vWF was coiled. At 55° C, vWF unfolded, whereas heating at 90° C caused a reduction in antigenicity. Collagen fibers heated to 37° C were 60.3 ± 3.1 nm wide. Heating to 55° C resulted in the unwinding of the fibers, increasing the width to 87.5 ± 8.2 nm (p < 0.01). Heating to 90° C resulted in denatured fibers with an enlarged width of 85.1 ± 6.1 nm (p < 0.05). Heating of collagen to 55° C resulted in an increased vWF binding as compared to collagen heated to 37° C or to 90° C. Incubation of collagen with vWF, prior to heating, resulted in a vWF binding after heating to 55° C that was similar to the 37° C binding and a decreased binding after 90° C. Conclusions. After 55° C heating, the von Willebrand factor molecule unfolds and collagen types I and III exhibit an increased adhesiveness for von Willebrand factor. Heating to 90° C denatures von Willebrand factor and collagen. The conformation changes of von Willebrand factor and its altered binding to collagen type I and III may explain the increased and decreased platelet adhesion to subendothelium after 55° C and 90° C heating, respectively.

Fibrinolytic Activity of the Arterial Wall

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Onoyama ◽  
K Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All

SummaryThe tissue fibrinolysis was studied in 550 specimens of 7 kinds of arteries from 80 fresh cadavers, using Astrup’s biochemical method and Todd’s histochemical method with human fibrinogen.In the microscopically normal aortic wall, almost all specimens had the fibrinolytic activity which was the strongest in the adventitia and the weakest in the media.The fibrinolytic activity seemed to be localized in the endothelium.The stronger activity lay in the adventitia of the aorta and the pulmonary artery and all layers of the cerebral artery.The activity of the intima and media of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to be stronger in the internal carotid artery than in the common carotid artery.Mean fibrinolytic activity of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to decrease with age in the intima and the media of the thoracic aorta and seemed to be low in the cases with a high atherosclerotic index.The fibrinolytic activities of all three layers of the fibrous thickened aorta seemed to decrease, and those of the media and the adventitia of the atheromatous plaque to increase.The fibrinolytic activity of the arterial wall might play some role in the progress of atherosclerosis.

ANISOTROPIC TRANSPORT THROUGH POLYMER LAYER AND POROUS ARTERIAL WALL WITH BINDING IN DRUG-ELUTING STENTS USING THE FEM

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
fabiane aparecida dos santos frazzoli ◽  
Rachel Manhaes de Lucena ◽  
Norberto Mangiavacchi ◽  
José da Rocha Miranda Pontes ◽  
Gustavo Rabello dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Polymer Layer ◽  
Drug Eluting Stents ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Anisotropic Transport
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