scholarly journals Decrease in blood pressure and increase in total peripheral vascular resistance in supine resting subjects with normotension or essential hypertension.

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuzo AOKI ◽  
Koichi SATO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Cardiovascular actions of beta-phenylethylamine

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. H592-H595
Author(s):  
C. S. Liang ◽  
D. Sprecher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure

beta-Phenylethylamine increased mean aortic blood pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and (dP/dt)/P in chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Pretreatment with phentolamine reduced the increases in aortic blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance produced by beta-phenylethylamine, whereas, the effects of beta-phenylethylamine on left ventricular dP/dt and (dP/dt)/P were abolished by propranolol. beta-Phenylethylamine pretreatment, but increased both after phentolamine pretreatment. Furthermore, both the cardiac and vascular effects of beta-phenylethylamine were abolished by desipramine. These results indicate that beta-phenylethylamine exerts both positive inotropic and vasoconstrictory effects, probably by releasing endogenous norepinephrine from the adrenergic nerve endings.

Coevolution of the rennin–angiotensin system and the nervous control of blood circulation

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
John X. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Arterial Blood

The mammalian renin–angiotensin system appears to be involved in the maintenance of blood volume and pressure because (i) sodium depletion, hypovolemia, and hypotension increase renin levels, and (ii) administration of exogenous angiotensin II rapidly increases mineralocorticoid and antidiuretic hormone production, transepithelial ion transport, drinking behavior, and peripheral vascular resistance. Are these also the physiological properties of the renin–angiotensin system in nonmammalian species? Signals for altered levels of renin activity have yet to be conclusively identified in nonmammalian vertebrates, but circulating renin levels are elevated by hypotension in teleost fish and birds. Systemic injection of angiotensin II causes an increase in arterial blood pressure in all the vertebrates studied, suggesting that barostatic control is a universal function of this hormone. Angiotensin II alters vascular tone by direct action on arteriolar muscles in some species, but at concentrations of the hormone which probably are unphysiological. More generally, angiotensin II increases blood pressure indirectly, by acting on the sympathetic nervous system. Catecholamines, derived from chromaffin cells and (or) from peripheral adrenergic nerves, mediate some portion of the vasopressor response to angiotensin II in cyclostomes, elasmobranchs, teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Alteration of sympathetic outflow is a prevalent mechanism through which the renin–angiotensin system may integrate blood volume, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance to achieve control of blood pressure and adequate perfusion of tissues.

scholarly journals PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE AND FUNDUSCOPIC FINDINGS IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

1965 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-791
Author(s):  
Masataka KATO ◽  
Masao NAKAJIMA ◽  
Tsukasa YOSHIDA ◽  
Isao KIMURA ◽  
Shinichi MIFUNE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular

scholarly journals Features of changes in volume-impedance hemodynamic indicators during the tilt test in young males with a history of vasovagal syncopes

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. V. Barsukov ◽  
O. G. Chepcheruk ◽  
D. V. Glukhovskoi ◽  
V. V. Yakovlev ◽  
A. V. Gordienko
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Tilt Test ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

Background. The direction of changes in hemodynamic parameters during the tilt test (TT) nin individuals with history of vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a subject of discussion. Objective: to study changes of volume-impedance hemodynamic indicators in the process of tilt test in somatically healthy young men with history of VVS. Materials and methods. A total of 102 men aged 18–30 years were divided into 4 groups, taking into account the specific features of fainting history and response to TT. Persons of group 1 (n=14) had history of VVS and positive response to TT (syncope). Subjects of group 2 (n=14) had history of VVS and a pattern of postural tachycardia without fainting during TT. Persons of group 3 (n=42) had history of VVS and negative response to TT. Subjects of group 4 (n=32) had no history of VVS and negative response to TT. During TT, we studied dynamics of some indicators, including cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR). Results. In individuals of all groups in the initial horizontal phase of TT values of CO and TPVR corresponded to the norm. Subjects of group 1 had significantly lower CO compared with subjects of groups 2, 3, 4 (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Values of TPVR in subjects of group 1 were significantly higher than in subjects of groups 2, 3, 4 (p<0.05; p<0.05; p<0.05, respectively). In response to orthostasis CO values increased in groups 1, 2, 4 (by 18%, 10%, 5%, respectively) and did not change in group 3; TPVR values decreased in groups 1, 2 (by 8%, 0.5%, respectively), and increased in groups 3, 4 (by 8%, 4% respectively). In the final horizontal phase of TT, CO values in group 1 were significantly lower than in groups 3, 4 (p<0.05), while TPVR values did not significantly differ between all groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. In tilt-positive and tilt-negative subjects with history of VVS, standardized postural stress leads to unidirectional changes in cardiac output, but to multidirectional changes in total peripheral vascular resistance.

scholarly journals Vascular resistance arm of the baroreflex: methodology and comparison with the cardiac chronotropic arm

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 1310-1320
Author(s):  
J. Krohova ◽  
L. Faes ◽  
B. Czippelova ◽  
R. Pernice ◽  
Z. Turianikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Noninvasive Measurement ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Pressure Changes

Baroreflex response consists of several arms, but the cardiac chronotropic arm (blood pressure changes evoking heart rate response) is usually analyzed. This study introduces a method to assess the vascular baroreflex arm with the continuous noninvasive measurement of peripheral vascular resistance as an output considering causality in the interaction between oscillations and slower dynamics of vascular tone changes. We conclude that although vascular baroreflex arm involvement becomes dominant during orthostasis, gain of this interaction is relatively stable.

FEATURES OF CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS OF YOUNG ADULTS DEPENDING ON VARIATIONS OF ACTUAL HEART RATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
A.P. Spitsyn ◽  
N.E. Kushkova ◽  
E.V. Kolodkina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Diastolic Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Simple Parameter

Indicators of systemic hemodynamics were evaluated. Those were blood pressure (BP), shock volume of the blood (SVB), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), cardiac index (CI) and others. They were evaluated in 41 students. Their age was between 21 and 26 years. It was determined that the majority of central hemodynamics indicators importantly depend on the character of differences of actual frequency of heart rates and their meanings. The most important indicators of hemodynamics such as shock volume of the blood and heart index were lower and diastolic arterial blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance were higher in people with heart rates higher than required normal heart rates. Important peculiarities of correlative interconnections between parameters of central hemodynemics depending on heart rates were revealed. The above peculiarities of hemodynemics depending on the character of differences of actual and normal heart rates confirm the importance of evaluation and understanding of such a simple parameter.

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