scholarly journals Variaciones espacio-temporales de nutrientes y grado de eutrofización en aguas de los Golfos de Ana María y Guacanayabo, Cuba

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Betanzos Vega ◽  
Yuliesky Garcés Rodríguez ◽  
Gilma Delgado Miranda ◽  
María Aurora Pis Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oceanographic Variables ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Southeastern Region

A partir de nueve muestreos efectuados en meses lluviosos del 2009 en aguas de los golfos de Ana María y Guacanayabo, región suroriental de Cuba, se realizaron comparaciones (ANOVA) entre ambos golfos de concentración de sustancias nutrientes y otras variables oceanográficas, así como se estimó el grado de eutrofia y se confeccionaron cartas de distribución horizontal del índice de eutrofización del nitrógeno total inorgánico y el fósforo inorgánico. Se analizaron las variaciones de la concentración media de nutrimentos en tres periodos diferentes (1972-1973, 1988-1991 y 2009). Entre ambos golfos, se encontró diferencia significativa (P < 0.05) en la salinidad, el fósforo inorgánico y los silicatos. La distribución espacial del índice de eutrofización del nitrógeno total inorgánico y del fósforo inorgánico mostró gradientes que disminuyeron a medida que se incrementó la distancia a la costa. El Golfo de Guacanayabo presentó una mayor distribución y extensión de valores mesotróficos y características menos halinas que el Golfo de Ana María, con índice de eutrofización del nitrógeno total inorgánico de 3.05, superior al del Golfo de Ana María (2.99); el fosforo inorgánico mostró un índice de 2.80 en el Golfo de Guacanayabo, mayor que en el Golfo de Ana María (2.57). En el análisis por períodos, en ambos golfos las concentraciones medias de nitrógenos oxidados (NOx) disminuyeron en 2009 con respecto al periodo 1988-1991, el fósforo inorgánico mostró tendencia al incremento, mientras que los silicatos mostraron un decrecimiento escalonado desde 1972-73. Abstract Nutrient concentrations and other oceanographic variables were compared (ANOVA) between the Gulfs of Ana María and Guacanayabo in the Southeastern region of Cuba based on nine samples taken during the rainy months in 2009. In addition, the degree of eutrophication was estimated, and horizontal distribution charts were prepared for the eutrophication index of total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. The variations of the mean concentration of nutrients were analyzed for three different periods (1972-1973, 1988-91, and 2009). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in salinity, inorganic phosphorus and silicate between the two gulfs. The spatial distribution of the eutrophication index of total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus showed gradients that decreased as distance to the coast increased. The Gulf of Guacanayabo showed greater distribution and extension of mestrophic values, less haline characteristics, and higher eutrophication index of total inorganic nitrogen (3.05) than the Gulf of Ana María (2.99). The inorganic phosphorus also showed a higher mean rate in relation with the Ana María Gulf (2.57). In the analysis by periods for both gulfs, the mean concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) decreased in 2009 compared to the 1988-1991 period, the inorganic phosphorus showed an increasing trend, while silicate showed a stepwise decrease from 1972-1973.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loads in Greek Rivers: Implications for Management in Compliance with the Water Framework Directive

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Stefanidis ◽  
Aikaterini Christopoulou ◽  
Serafeim Poulos ◽  
Emmanouil Dassenakis ◽  
Elias Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Phosphorus Loads

Reduction of nutrient loadings is often prioritized among other management measures for improving the water quality of freshwaters within the catchment. However, urban point sources and agriculture still thrive as the main drivers of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in European rivers. With this article we present a nationwide assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus loads that 18 large rivers in Greece receive with the purpose to assess variability among seasons, catchments, and river types and distinguish relationships between loads and land uses of the catchment. We employed an extensive dataset of 636 field measurements of nutrient concentrations and river discharges to calculate nitrogen and phosphorus loads. Descriptive statistics and a cluster analysis were conducted to identify commonalties and differences among catchments and seasons. In addition a network analysis was conducted and its modularity feature was used to detect commonalities among rivers and sampling sites with regard to their nutrient loads. A correlation analysis was used to identify major possible connections between types of land uses and nutrient loads. The results indicated that the rivers Alfeios, Strymonas, and Aliakmonas receive the highest inorganic nitrogen loads while the highest inorganic phosphorus loads were calculated for the rivers Strymonas, Aliakmonas, and Axios. Concerning the temporal variation of loads, inorganic nitrogen presented a peak on March and gradually declined until October when the dry period typically ends for most regions of Greece. Inorganic phosphorus loads had the highest average value in August and the lowest in October. Thus, our findings confirmed the presence of a typical seasonal variation in nitrogen loads that follows the seasonality in hydrology where high surface runoff during the wet months contribute to higher river discharges and higher nitrogen loads from the catchment. On the contrary, high phosphorus loads persisted during dry months that could be attributed to a dilution effect. Furthermore, the results imply a clear connection between agriculture and both nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, this work presents extensive information on the nitrogen and phosphorus loads that major rivers in Greece receive that can largely aid water managers to adapt and revise basin management plans in accordance with agricultural management (e.g., which months farmers should reduce the use of fertilizers) with the purpose of meeting the environmental targets defined by the Water Framework Directive (WFD).

scholarly journals Flood water quality and marine sediment and nutrient loads from the Tully and Murray catchments in north Queensland, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Wallace ◽  
Lachlan Stewart ◽  
Aaron Hawdon ◽  
Rex Keen ◽  
Fazlul Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Flood Flows

Current estimates of sediment and nutrient loads from the Tully–Murray floodplain to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon are updated by taking explicit account of flood events. New estimates of flood discharge that include over-bank flows are combined with direct measurements of sediment and nutrient concentrations in flood waters to calculate the loads of sediment and nutrient delivered to the ocean during 13 floods that occurred between 2006 and 2008. Although absolute concentrations of sediment and nutrient were quite low, the large volume of water discharged during floods means that they make a large contribution (30–50%) to the marine load. By not accounting for flood flows correctly, previous estimates of the annual average discharge are 15% too low and annual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus are 47% and 32% too low respectively. However, because sediments may be source-limited, accounting for flood flows simply dilutes their concentration and the resulting annual average load is similar to that previously estimated. Flood waters also carry more dissolved organic nitrogen than dissolved inorganic nitrogen and this is the opposite of their concentrations in river water. Consequently, dissolved organic nitrogen loads to the ocean may be around twice those previously estimated from riverine data.

Nutrients in Australian tropical rivers: changes with agricultural development and implications for receiving environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Brodie ◽  
Alan W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Rivers ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

In tropical Australia, intensive studies of river suspended sediment (SS) and nutrient dynamics have been restricted to streams on the north-east coast between the Fitzroy and Normanby Rivers (Queensland), Magela Creek/East Alligator River (Northern Territory) and the Ord River (Western Australia). Historical conditions in these rivers were probably characterised by low–moderate SS concentrations and low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in flow events. Introduction of agriculture has transformed SS and nutrient dynamics. Grazing has led to soil erosion and increased SS and particulate nutrient concentrations and fluxes in event flows. Fertilised cropping has increased nutrient inputs to catchments, where it forms a substantial proportion of the catchment area. Consequently, both particulate and dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and fluxes have increased. Australian tropical rivers have episodic flows, with most material transport occurring during large flow events. The restricted period of these highly energetic flows means little trapping of materials in waterways occurs. Loads are transported efficiently downstream and processes such as denitrification and in-channel sedimentation may be of limited importance. Owing to excessive nutrient inputs associated with agriculture, a number of northern freshwater, estuarine and coastal ecosystems are now eutrophic. Continued development, especially fertilised cropping, without adequate management of nutrient losses is likely to exacerbate these problems.

The Annual Variations of Major Nutrients and Assessments about Environmental Impacts of Xiangshan Bay East China Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 395-399
Author(s):  
Gen Hai Zhu ◽  
Jian Qian ◽  
Li Hong Chen ◽  
Mao Jin ◽  
Jing Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
East China ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Xiangshan Bay ◽  
Major Nutrients

The 30 years’ annual variations of major nutrients dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) in Xiangshan Bay East China Sea between 1982 and 2011 were reported. The results showed that the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients increased year by year, consistent with the trend of nitrogen and phosphorus consumption in our country. Inorganic nitrogen was the main pollutant, then was inorganic phosphorus in Xiangshan harbor. The annual average change of DIN ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 mg∙dm-3 while DIP ranged from 0.018 to 0.054 mg∙dm-3. And the change trend of DIN and DIP was as following: winter > autumn > summer > spring. The DIN and DIP in Xiangshan horbor exceeded the standard limits greatly, the water quality in culture areas exceeded national criteria for sea water Level IV and most water qualities were inferior Level IV.

scholarly journals Epizoon microalgae of the cultivated mollusk Мytilus galloprovincialis Lam. 1819, phytoplankton, hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics in the mussel-and-oyster farm area (Sevastopol, Black Sea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Ryabushko ◽  
N. V. Pospelova ◽  
D. S. Balycheva ◽  
N. P. Kovrigina ◽  
O. A. Troshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Oyster Farm

In mollusk cultivation areas large amount of biomass and metabolites is accumulated. For this reason, biological monitoring in the farming areas, which includes study of microalgae as environmental quality indicators, is of considerable importance. Samples of mussels harvested from collectors at 6 m depth over the period February 2015 – March 2016 have been utilized for studying epizoon microalgae residing on mollusk shells. At the same time, sea water at depths of 0 and 6 m was sampled for determining phytoplankton and hydrochemical parameters of environment in the mussel-and-oyster farm area. Dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand after five days of incubation in the dark (BOD5), alkaline permanganate oxidizability, silicates, organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus have been quantified in the water samples using conventional methods. In the epizoon of the mussel shells, 108 taxa of microalgae of four phyla have been identified: 3 species of Сyanoprokaryota, 6 of Dinophyta, 6 of Haptophyta and 93 of Bacillariophyta. The maximum values of the species richness (26) and abundance of microalgae were observed in February (74,78·103 cells·cm-2, t = 9,7 °C) and April 2015 (62,0·103 cells·cm-2, t = 10,3 °C), as well as in January 2016 (65,1·103 cells·cm-2, t = 9,5 °C). The highest biomass was registered in August (0,272 mg·cm-2, t = 25,5 °C). The main contribution to the total abundance was made by the diatoms Tabularia fasciculata while Navicula ramosissima, and cyanobacteria were prevalent in the total biomass. In phytoplankton at the depths of 0 and 6 m, 135 taxa belonging to eight phyla have been found: 2 species of Cyanoprokaryota, 47 of Acillariophyta, 57 of Inophyta, 17 of Haptophyta, 5 of Chlorophyta, 2 of Euglenophyta, 3 of Cryptophyta and 2 of Chrysophyta. The genus Chaetoceros dominated by the number of diatoms species (18). In terms of abundance and biomass, the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans and haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi were dominant. The maximum abundance (370·107 cells·m-3) and biomass (7560 mg·m-3) of the phytoplankton were observed in spring and autumn. In total, 213 of microalgae taxa have been identified in the phytoplankton and mussel shell epizoon, with 30 ones being common for both. Furthermore, 26 potentially toxic species and 24 indicator species have been determined, among which 26 ones are betamesosaprobionts, the indicators of moderate level of water pollution. Thermohaline characteristics of water in the mollusk farm area did not exceed those of the long-term observations. At all horizons, the oxygen content was at the level of 93–125 % of saturation. The sea water oxidizability did not exceed the maximum permissible level established by fishery standards. The concentration of nutrients was high with a large fluctuation range, which indicates anthropogenic impact on the water area. The values of the total inorganic nitrogen-to-phosphorus and silicon-to-phosphorus ratios suggested nitrogen and silicon limitations for the microalgae community development from July to December. The mussel epizoon microalgae abundance strongly correlated with water temperature and dissolved oxygen, and a strong correlation of the biomass with inorganic phosphorus was observed, too. Moderate correlations were also found with inorganic phosphorus and organic nitrogen. For the phytoplankton, moderate correlations of abundance with hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics were identified: with nitrates in the surface layer and with temperature, dissolved oxygen, and organic nitrogen in the subsurface water layer. The phytoplankton biomass moderately correlated with the silicate concentration. The hydrological and hydrochemical structure of sea water, especially in the mollusk farming areas, affected species composition and quantitative characteristics of planktonic and benthic microalgae communities.

CONCENTRATIONS OF CALCIUM AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN SERUM OF NORMAL INFANTS RECEIVING VARIOUS FEEDINGS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
George M. Owen ◽  
Philip Garry ◽  
Samuel J. Fomon
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Sera of normal full-term infants, 2 weeks to 5 months of age, were analyzed for concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus. Concentrations of calcium were not found to be significantly influenced by age, sex or type of feeding, the mean value being 9.6 mg/100 ml. Concentrations of inorganic phosphorus in sera of groups of infants receiving a variety of feedings were not well correlated with phosphorus content of the feedings. The mean concentration of inorganic phosphorus in sera of infants 2 weeks to 2 months of age was 7.0 mg/100 ml, approximately two-thirds of the values falling between 6.0 and 8.0 mg/100 ml. The mean concentration of inorganic phosphorus in sera of infants 2 to 5 months of age was 6.5 mg/100 ml, approximately two-thirds of the values falling between 5.8 and 7.4 mg/100 ml. Mean concentration of inorganic phosphorus in sera of boys was significantly greater than in sera of girls, particularly during the first two months of life. The importance of this observation is uncertain.

Influence of climate,geology and humans on spatial and temporal nutrient geochemistry in the subtropical Richmond River catchment, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester J. McKee ◽  
Bradley D. Eyre ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Peter R. Pepperell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
River Catchment

Water quality was monitored on a spatial and temporal basis in the subtropical Richmond River catchment over two years. Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally in a complex manner with highest concentrations (maximum =3110 µg N L – 1 and 572 µg P L –1 ) associated with floods. However, median (444 µg N L – 1 and 55 µg P L – 1 ) concentrations were relatively low compared with other parts of the world. The forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams varied seasonally, with greater proportions of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus during the wet season. Minimum nutrient concentrations were found 2—3 months after flood discharge. With the onset of the dry season, concentration increases were attributed to point sources and low river discharge. There were statistically significant relationships between geology and water quality and nutrient concentrations increased downstream and were significantly related to population density and dairy farming. In spite of varying geology and naturally higher phosphorus in soils and rocks in parts of the catchment, anthropogenic impacts had the greatest effects on water quality in the Richmond River catchment. Rainfall quality also appeared to be related both spatially and seasonally to human activity. Although the responses of the subtropical Richmond River catchment to changes in land use are similar to those of temperate systems of North America and Europe, the seasonal patterns appear to be more complex and perhaps typical of subtropical catchments dominated by agricultural land use.

scholarly journals Advanced treatment of salty eutrophication water using algal-bacterial granular sludge: With focus on nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, and lipid accumulation

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9518-9530
Author(s):  
Fansheng Meng ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Dongfang Liu ◽  
Wenli Huang
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen

A new algal-bacterial granular sludge treatment method was used to treat salty eutrophication water. The results indicated that the treatment removed more than 98% of the total inorganic nitrogen and the total phosphorus after a 15 d cultivation period using 2% salinity simulated eutrophication water. For the 4% salinity simulated water, the total phosphorus was not able to be removed and was even higher in the effluent; and the total inorganic nitrogen was only removed 17%. Thus, the algal-bacterial granules were efficient for removing nitrogen and phosphorus in 2% salinity eutrophication water but were not effective for 4% salinity water. High levels of filamentous algae proliferation growing on the surface of the granules was primarily responsible for the good performance in 2% salinity water. However, the lipid accumulation was greatly enhanced (reactor R2 at a 27.6% increase and reactor R4 at a 107% increase) for both granule types due to the algal growth. Thus, treatment of the salty eutrophication water can also greatly increase the added-value of the algal-bacterial granules.

scholarly journals Contribution of Fungi and Bacteria to Leaf Litter Decomposition in a Polluted River

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 5266-5273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Pascoal ◽  
Fernanda Cássio
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Microbial Production ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Radiolabeled Compounds

ABSTRACT The contribution of fungi and bacteria to the decomposition of alder leaves was examined at two reference and two polluted sites in the Ave River (northwestern Portugal). Leaf mass loss, microbial production from incorporation rates of radiolabeled compounds into biomolecules, fungal biomass from ergosterol concentration, sporulation rates, and diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes associated with decomposing leaves were determined. The concentrations of organic nutrients and of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the stream water was elevated and increased at downstream sites. Leaf decomposition rates were high (0.013 day−1 < k < 0.042 day−1), and the highest value was estimated at the most downstream polluted site, where maximum values of microbial production and fungal biomass and sporulation were found. The slowest decomposition occurred at the other polluted site, where, along with the nutrient enrichment, the lowest current velocity and dissolved-oxygen concentration in water were observed. At this site, fungal production, biomass, and sporulation were depressed, suggesting that stimulation of fungal activity by increased nutrient concentrations might be offset by other factors. Although bacterial production was higher at polluted sites, fungi accounted for more than 94% of the total microbial net production. Fungal yield coefficients varied from 10.2 to 13.6%, while those of bacteria were less than 1%. The contribution of fungi to overall leaf carbon loss (29.0 to 38.8%) greatly exceeded that of bacteria (4.2 to 13.9%).

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