scholarly journals Feminización de juveniles del Robalo Blanco Centropomus Undecimalis (Bloch 1792) usando 17β-Estradiol

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Vidal-López ◽  
Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-González ◽  
Wilfrido Miguel Contreras-Sánchez ◽  
Reynaldo Patiño ◽  
Arlette Amalia Hernández-Franyutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Centropomus Undecimalis ◽  
Common Snook ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Time Periods

El robalo blanco Centropomus undecimalis es un pez protándrico hermafrodita con un alto valor comercial y potencial de cultivo en México y Estados Unidos de América, y en Centroamérica y el Caribe es sustento importante de su pesca artesanal. Diversos estudios indican que las hembras aparentemente presentan un mayor crecimiento que los machos. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto de la suplementación del esteroide 17-β estradiol (E2) en el alimento sobre la proporción de sexos de esta especie bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Para ello se realizó un estudio donde se evaluaron seis tratamientos (tiempos de exposición) con 17-β estradiol (7, 14, 21, 28, 35 y 42 días) usando alimento impregnado con 50 mg kg-1 de 17-β estradiol y una dieta control sin esteroide.Después de los días de exposición, los peces fueron mantenidos con dieta sin 17-β estradiol hasta completar 204 días de crianza, determinándose la proporción de sexos, crecimiento y supervivencia. Al final del período de crianza, los peces alimentados con dieta enriquecida con 17-β estradiol por 21 y hasta 42 días muestran la mayor proporción de hembras (93%), mientras que el grupo control presentó el 100% de machos. El mayor crecimiento en longitud y peso se obtuvo en los peces alimentados por 21 días con el E2 (193.11 ± 1.83 mm y 28.56 ± 0.63 g) comparado con el resto. La supervivencia no mostró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (92% a 98%). Se concluye que es posible obtener altos porcentajes de feminización utilizando 17-β estradiol al alimentar a los peces por al menos 21 días. Abstract Common snook Centropomus undecimalis is a protandric fish with a high commercial importance and aquacultural potential in Mexico and the United States. Several studies indicate that females have higher growth capacity than males. For this reason, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of a 17β-estradiol (E2) diet supplementation on sex proportion for this species. In this sense, an experimental study was conducted where fish were fed for different time periods (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days) with food impregnated with 50 mg of E2/Kg, and one control diet without the presence of the steroid. After feeding times, fish were raised for additional 204 days with the control diet to evaluate sex proportion, growth and survival. Our results showed that fish fed with E2 for 21 days or more had the highest female sex proportion (93-100%), while the control group showed the highest male proportion (100%). The highest growth (weight and total length) was detected in fish fed with E2 for 21 days (193.11 ± 1.83 mm and 28.56 ± 0.63 g) compared with the rest of the treatments. Survival did not show statistical differences between treatments (92-98%). We conclude that high percentage of C. undecimalis females can be obtained when fish are fed for 21 days or more with artificial food supplemented with E2.

scholarly journals Protective Effectiveness of Long-Lasting Permethrin Impregnated Clothing Against Tick Bites in an Endemic Lyme Disease Setting: A Randomized Control Trial Among Outdoor Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538
Author(s):  
Cedar Mitchell ◽  
Megan Dyer ◽  
Feng-Chang Lin ◽  
Natalie Bowman ◽  
Thomas Mather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Outdoor Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protective Effectiveness

Abstract Tick-borne diseases are a growing threat to public health in the United States, especially among outdoor workers who experience high occupational exposure to ticks. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing has demonstrated high initial protection against bites from blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), in laboratory settings, and sustained protection against bites from the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in field tests. However, long-lasting permethrin impregnation of clothing has not been field tested among outdoor workers who are frequently exposed to blacklegged ticks. We conducted a 2-yr randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial among 82 outdoor workers in Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts. Participants in the treatment arm wore factory-impregnated permethrin clothing, and the control group wore sham-treated clothing. Outdoor working hours, tick encounters, and bites were recorded weekly to assess protective effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated garments. Factory-impregnated clothing significantly reduced tick bites by 65% in the first study year and by 50% in the second year for a 2-yr protective effect of 58%. No significant difference in other tick bite prevention method utilization occurred between treatment and control groups, and no treatment-related adverse outcomes were reported. Factory permethrin impregnation of clothing is safe and effective for the prevention of tick bites among outdoor workers whose primary exposure is to blacklegged ticks in the northeastern United States.

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC MENISCAL ALLOGRAFT TRANSPLANTATION IN THE UNITED STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0004
Author(s):  
Haley E. Smith ◽  
Madeline M. Lyons ◽  
Neeraj M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Database ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Allograft Transplantation ◽  
Meniscal Allograft ◽  
Children’S Hospitals

Background: Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) is an option to slow the progression of degenerative disease in the setting of substantial meniscal deficiency. This may be especially important in children and adolescents, but there is little literature on MAT in this population. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of MAT in the pediatric population, with specific attention to regional and demographic trends. Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System, a national database consisting of 49 children’s hospitals, was queried for all patients undergoing MAT between 2011 and 2018. Demographic information was collected for each subject as well as data regarding previous and subsequent surgeries. The database was also queried for all meniscus surgeries (including repairs and meniscectomies) performed during the study period. Demographic and geographic data from this control group were compared to that of children undergoing MAT. Univariate analysis was followed by purposeful entry multivariate regression to adjust for confounding factors. Results: A total of 27,168 meniscus surgeries were performed in 47 hospitals, with MAT performed 67 times in 17 hospitals. Twelve patients (18%) underwent a subsequent procedure after transplantation. In multivariate analysis, each year of increasing age resulted in 1.1 times higher odds of having undergone MAT rather than repair or meniscectomy (95% CI 1.03-1.1, p=0.002). Patients that underwent transplantation had 2.0 times higher odds of being female (95% CI 1.2-3.3, p=0.01) and 2.0 times higher odds of being commercially insured (95% CI 1.1-3.6, p=0.02). MAT was performed most frequently in the Northeast (4.9/1000 meniscus surgeries) and least often in the South (1.1/1000 meniscus surgeries, p<0.001). Furthermore, transplantation was more likely to be performed in larger cities. The median pediatric population of cities in which MAT was performed was 983,268 (range 157,253-3,138,870) compared to 662,290 (range 4,420-4,311,500) in cities where it was not (p=0.04). Conclusion: In the United States, patients that underwent MAT were older, more likely to be female, and have commercial insurance than those undergoing meniscus repair or meniscectomy. MAT was only done in 17/47 children’s hospitals that perform meniscus surgery and was most frequently performed in the Northeast and in larger cities. These trends highlight the need for further research, especially regarding differences along the lines of sex and insurance status.

Health Care-Related Economic Burden of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United States: Pregnancy-Related and Long-Term Health Consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Riestenberg ◽  
Anika Jagasia ◽  
Daniela Markovic ◽  
Richard P Buyalos ◽  
Ricardo Azziz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women, affecting approximately 5-20% of women of reproductive age. A previous estimate noted that the economic burden of PCOS approximates $3.7 billion annually in 2020 USD when considering only the costs of the initial diagnosis and of reproductive endocrine morbidities, not considering the costs of pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities. Objective To estimate the excess prevalence and economic burden of pregnancy-related and long-term health morbidities attributable to PCOS. Data Sources PubMed, EmBase and Cochrane Library. Study Selection Studies in which the diagnosis of PCOS was consistent with the Rotterdam, National Institutes of Health (NIH), or Androgen Excess & PCOS (AE-PCOS) Society criteria, or that used electronic medical record diagnosis codes, or diagnosis based on histopathologic sampling were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included an outcome of interest and a control group of non-PCOS patients who were matched or controlled for body mass index (BMI) were included. Data Extraction Two investigators working independently extracted data on study characteristics and outcomes. Data Synthesis Data was pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The I 2statistic was used to assess inter-study heterogeneity. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results The additional total healthcare-related economic burden due to pregnancy-related and long-term morbidities associated with PCOS in the United States is estimated to be $4.3 billion annually in 2020 USD. Conclusions Together with our prior analysis, the economic burden of PCOS is estimated at $8 billion annually in 2020 USD.

scholarly journals Dietary soybean meal on growth and intestinal morphology of South American catfish, Rhamdia quelen, larvae

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roque Hernández ◽  
Juan José Santinón ◽  
Sebastián Sánchez ◽  
Hugo Alberto Domitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
South American ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Morphology Parameters

The effects of the replacement of bread yeast by soybean meal in diets for Rhamdia quelen larvae on growth, survival, and intestinal morphology were analysed. Larvae were fed for 20 days with five diets: a control diet formulated with 57% of bread yeast, and other four diets in which soybean meal at concentrations of 14.25, 28.5, 42.75 and 57% was added to obtain 25, 50, 75 and 100% of bread yeast replacement. Growth and survival parameters were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal inclusion. Larvae fed control diet showed significantly higher mean weight, specific growth rate, final biomass, and survival rate than larvae from other treatments. Enterocyte height and fold width of the posterior intestine showed highest values in the control group, and an inverse linear relationship with the level of dietary soybean meal inclusion was observed, however, in the anterior intestine the morphology parameters were not affected by the diet. These results indicate that inclusion of soybean meal in diets for R. quelen larvae negatively affects growth and survival, as well as the capacity for digestion and absorption of nutrients, mainly in the posterior intestine.

Who Wins and Who Loses in the Provincial Courts of Appeal? A Statistical Analysis, 1920–1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCormick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Party Capability ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractGiven the visibility and obvious importance of judicial power in the age of the Charter, it is important to develop the conceptual vocabulary for desribing and assessing this power. One such concept that has been applied to the study of appeal courts in the United States and Great Britain is “party capability”, a theory which suggests that different types of litigant will enjoy different levels of success as both appellant and respondent. Using a data base derived from the reported decisions of the provincial courts of appeal for the second and seventh year of each decade since the 1920s, this article applies party capability theory to the performance of the highest courts of the ten provinces; comparisons are attempted across regions and across time periods, as well as with the findings of similar studies of American and British courts.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against fleas in cats, under field conditions

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tielemans ◽  
Tomoko Otsuki ◽  
Tara Cheesman ◽  
Fiona Selmes ◽  
Anthony Pfefferkorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Label Dose ◽  
Treatment Tolerance ◽  
Significant Health

Esafoxolaner is a purified afoxolaner enantiomer with insecticidal and acaricidal properties. It is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel, nematodicidal and cestodicidal compounds, in a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. This novel formulation was tested in four field studies, in the United States, Europe, Japan and Australia. In all studies, naturally flea-infested domestic cats were treated with the novel formulation at the label dose and conditions of use. The main objective, identical in the four studies, was to assess efficacy on fleas, based on comparison of mean number of fleas found on infested cats before and one month after treatment. Tolerance to the product was also evaluated in the four studies. Otherwise, the studies had some differences in their design and secondary objectives, for example testing for a reduction in flea infestation-related cutaneous signs, testing of one treatment or of three monthly treatments, and use of a positive control group. In the four studies, a total of 307 cats were treated with the novel formulation. The reduction of fleas one month after treatment was 97.7%, 98.8%, 100% and 99.7% in the United States, Europe, Japan and Australia, respectively. There were no significant health abnormalities attributed to treatment in any of the studies.

Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sciaenops Ocellatus ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Centropomus Undecimalis ◽  
Common Snook ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Tagging Methods

<i>Abstract</i>.—In designing research programs, scientists may constrain development of sequential hypotheses because of perceptions about logistical constraints to using new technologies in monitoring or experimental design. Using trusted, familiar methods can supersede asking which hypotheses would have the greatest impact and what method(s) are required to test them. To help maintain a ‘problem-oriented’ approach, rather than a ‘methods oriented’ one, we could strive to remain aware of new innovations and applications in research; this is particularly so for tagging technology, when new methods emerge. Research enabled by recent innovations can be incorporated through collaborations with other scientists or by working directly with vendors to implement and refine new tag technologies and applications. Some tagging studies can be improved by using multiple marking methods (e.g. see recent applications of various tag technologies with common snook <i>Centropomus undecimalis </i>and red drum <i>Sciaenops ocellatus </i>in Florida to evaluate recruitment, mortality, and habitat use of different life stages; Adams et al. 2006; Bennett 2006; Marcinkiewicz, 2007; Brennan et al. 2008; Tringali et al. 2008). Here we consider a few case studies that have implemented a variety of tagging methods to explore poorly understood factors that mediate growth and survival and the effectiveness of hatchery releases to help replenish depleted marine fish stocks.

scholarly journals How advocacy affects Twitter migraine conversations: A pilot cross-sectional survey of Northeast American “migraine” landscape on Twitter from May to June 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 251581632097208
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Santosh Bhaskarabhatla
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Sources Of Information

Background: Twitter is a leading microblogging platform, with over 126 million daily active users as of 2019, which allows for large-scale analysis of tweets related to migraine. June 2020 encompassed the National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month in the United States and the American Headache Society’s virtual annual conference, which offer opportunities for us to study online migraine advocacy. Objective: We aim to study the content of individual tweets about migraine, as well as study patterns of other topics that were discussed in those tweets. In addition, we aim to study the sources of information that people reference within their tweets. Thirdly, we want to study how online awareness and advocacy movements shape these conversations about migraine. Methods: We designed a Twitter robot that records all unique public tweets containing the word “migraine” from May 8th, 2020 to June 23rd, 2020, within a 400 km radius of New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States. We built two network analysis models, one for the months of May 2020 and June 2020. The model for the month of May served as a control group for the model for the month of June, the Migraine Awareness Month. Our network model was developed with the following rule: if two hashtag topics co-exist in a single tweet, they are considered nodes connected by an edge in our network model. We then determine the top 30 most important hashtags in the month of May and June through applications of degree, between-ness, and closeness centrality. We also generated highly connected subgraphs (HCS) to categorize clusters of conversations within each of our models. Finally, we tally the websites referenced by these tweets during each month and categorized these websites according to the HCS subgroups. Results: Migraine advocacy related tweets are more popular in June when compared to May as judged by degree and closeness centrality measurements. They remained unchanged when judged by between-ness centralities. The HCS algorithm categorizes the hashtags into a large single dominant conversation in both months. In each of the months, advocacy related hashtags are apart of each of the dominant conversation. There are more hashtag topics as well as more unique websites referenced in the dominant conversation in June than in May. In addition, there are many smaller subgroups of migraine-related hashtags, and in each of these subgroups, there are a maximum of two websites referenced. Conclusion: We find a network analysis approach to be fruitful in the area of migraine social media research. Migraine advocacy tweets on Twitter not only rise in popularity during migraine awareness month but also may potentially bring in more diverse sources of online references into the Twitter migraine conversation. The smaller subgroups we identified suggest that there are marginalized conversations referencing a limited number of websites, creating a possibility of an “echo chamber” phenomenon. These subgroups provide an opportunity for targeted migraine advocacy. Our study therefore highlights the success as well as potential opportunities for social media advocacy on Twitter.

A Comparison of Funding Patterns in Professional Occupational Therapy Education Programs

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Dunn ◽  
Mary Ann Boyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Occupational Therapy Education ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Therapy Education ◽  
Model Programs ◽  
First Time

This study compared data collected from two questionnaires completed by faculty in professional occupational therapy education programs in the United States. The questionnaires asked respondents to describe their funding requests over two time periods; 1985 through 1987 and 1988 through 1990. The data from the first time period was reported elsewhere (Boyle, Dunn, & Kielhofner, 1990); this article presents the data from the second inquiry and compares the data from the two time periods to show trends. Programs submitted a total of 24 requests intramurally and 194 requests extramurally for a total of 218 requests during the second time period. Programs received full or partial funding for 115 proposals, a total of nearly $15 million, which was an increase of approximately $2 million. Research was funded at $1,865,500 ( n=35), a more than $1 million increase from the first time period. Programs received $5,725,790 for training ( n=35), $28,450 for model programs ( n=2), $1,326,614 for research and demonstration ( n=6), and $5,804,689 for other activities ( n=37).

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