scholarly journals SENDEROS SUBMARINOS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA: DESCRIPCIÓN BIOLÓGICA

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Gerardo E. Palacios Martínez
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
The Family ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Transects

Los recorridos en los Senderos Submarinos del Parque Nacional Cahuitapermitieron identificar los organismos marinos presentes. La descripción biológica de la flora y la fauna se basó en la metodología de línea transecto y observación directa. El Sendero Submarino Perezoso presentó un 40% de cobertura de coral vivo, entre los cuales estaba el coral estrella (Siderastrea siderea) como dominante, las especies de peces más frecuente pertenecen a la familia Pomacentridae. El erizo negro (Diadema antillarum) es el más frecuente de los invertebrados y las algas registradas son del género Dictyota y la especie Halimeda opuntia. Las especies de coral Siderastrea siderea y Agaricia agaricites son las más frecuentes en los senderos submarinos de Perezoso y Eduardo. This survey provides biological information regarding the underwater trails of Cahuita National Park, and identifies the most common species present. The biological description of the flora and fauna are based on line transects and direct observation. The Perezoso underwater trail had 40% live coral cover, of which the Lobe coral (Siderastrea siderea) was the most common; the most common species of fish belonged to the family Pomacentridae. The long spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) was the most common among the invertebrates, and the algae recorded belonged to the genera Dictyota and Halimeda. The coral species  Siderastrea siderea and Agaricia agaricites were the most common corals of the Perezoso and Eduardo underwater trails.

scholarly journals Apparent stability of a low-density Diadema antillarum regime for Puerto Rican coral reefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2193-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras ◽  
Alfredo Montañez-Acuña ◽  
Abimarie Otaño-Cruz ◽  
Scott D Ling
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Stable Regime ◽  
Apparent Stability

Abstract Caribbean reefs have suffered decline in coral cover in recent decades due to recurrent anthropogenic and natural stressors. The regional collapse of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum, combined with overfishing, has contributed to a phase-shift of coral reef communities towards fleshy macroalgal dominance. Here, we examine the population dynamics of D. antillarum at five sites in Puerto Rico from 2011 to 2016 and determine trends between the sea urchin and local benthic habitats. The sea urchin population exhibited low but stable densities (with slight, but non-significant trend of increase), yet showed variability between sites. Large urchins (>60 mm test diam.) were the most abundant across sites and through time, followed by medium urchins (41–60 mm test diam.), whereas small individuals (<40 mm) were rare, indicating recruitment-limitation. Spatial and temporal differences in benthic habitats were not related to local D. antillarum abundances. Macroalgae cover declined at all sites over the 6 years, ranging 5–86%, whereas live coral cover also decreased across all sites (ranging 4–38%). Diadema antillarum populations in Puerto Rico appear stable with limited evidence for recovery trends back to pre-mass mortality densities. Full population recovery may take longer than expected; however, evidence indicates that the contemporary low-density D. antillarum population represents a novel stable regime.

scholarly journals Benthic communities of shallow-water reefs of Abrolhos, Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Villaça ◽  
Fábio B. Pitombo
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Fringing Reefs ◽  
Cover Ratio ◽  
Line Transects

The benthic communities of fringing and mushroom-shaped shallow-water reefs of the Abrolhos region (southern coast of Bahia) were surveyed. Line transects were used to estimate coral and algal percentage cover. Mussismilia braziliensis is the most conspicuous coral species in the majority of the communities surveyed, but turf algal make up the dominant cover in all but one studied reef. In general, communities on mushroom-shaped reefs have higher diversity and higher coral cover than on fringing reefs. For both reef morphologies, the coral to alga cover ratio does. not show marked differences between annual surveys, despite the high productivity characteristic of the dominant algal species.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Degradation Due to ‘Ship Grounding’ in Indonesia: Case Study of Ship Aground in Bangka-Belitung Waters by Mother Vessel MV Lyric Poet

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Idris Idris ◽  
Neviaty P. Zamani ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Lyric Poet ◽  
Ship Grounding

HighlightDamage to coral reefs by ship aground is twice the area of a football fieldFound four zones of damage including runoff, dune, blow and dispersalMortality of live coral and other benthic biota ranges from 75-100% in the affected locationThe form of damaged live coral growth is predominantly slow growing.Eight hard coral species were found on the IUCN-Redlist list with a vulnerable status.AbstractShip grounding on coral reefs often results in physical and biological damage, including dislodging and removal of corals from reefs, destruction of coral skeletons, erosion and removal of sediment deposits, and loss of three-dimensional complexity. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, is very vulnerable to various pressures; for example, the case of ship grounding is a great concern of scientists, managers, divers, and sailors themselves. Most of the damage is very severe. The purpose of the research conducted is to identify the condition of the live coral cover, mapping the type and extent of coral reef damage, affected coral species, their conservation status, and to quantify the extent of the area of coral reef damage. Measuring the extent of damage to coral reef ecosystems using the fishbone method, while the level of damage and its impact was measured using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and belt transect method. The event of the grounding of the MV Lyric Poet on the Bangka Waters, Bangka-Belitung Province, has caused damage to the coral reef ecosystem. There are four damage zones identified, i.e., trajectory, mound, propeller, and dispersion zone. Corals are damaged with a total area of 13.540m2; equivalent to twice that of an international football field. Diversity of hard coral found as many as 49 species included in the CITES-Appendix II. A total of eight protected species are included in the IUCN Red List with extinction-prone status.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Coral Reef Conditions in Marine Park and Coral Reef Education Centre Plan Area, Seribu Islands National Park, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hermansyah Hermansyah ◽  
Tatang Mitra Setia ◽  
Cipto Utomo ◽  
Annastasya Rahma Ramadhani ◽  
Sabihis Sabihis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
National Park ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Index Value

Marine waters surrounding Child-friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) at Tanjung Elang still has the potential for highly productive coral reef resources, thus enabling the development of ecological-based tourism, education and conservation. Despite the potential, the coral reefs in the surrounding of  RPTRA Tanjung Elang has suffered damage caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors. The aim of this research is to assess the initial condition of coral reef at the location of   marine park areal and coral reef education center plan, RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters, Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands National Park, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This research used Underwater Photo Transect/UPT method were analyzed using CPCe 4.1. software (Coral Point Count with Excel extension). The results of physico-chemical parameters measurements showed that water quality in RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters Pramuka Island, is still within tolerance limits for coral life. The percentage of live coral cover was in a bad category with a low value (5.35%). The most dominant form of coral growth was submassive (CS) with a percentage value 54.46%. Composition of hard coral genusis consists of 3 family, 5 genus, and 100 species.The most dominant of Porites was with submassive and massive growth form. The index value of diversity shows a low category (0.56). The dominance index value showed a medium category (0.75). Uniformity and mortality index value showed a low category (0.35 and 0.43).

scholarly journals KOMPARASI POLA SPASIAL KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
M Munasik ◽  
Andy Ahmad Romadhoni ◽  
Muhammad Helmi
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
National Park ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Protection Zone

ABSTRACTComparative studies on the percentage of coral reef substrate cover have been carried out in 3 (three) management zones (protection zone, utilization and Non-MPA) Karimunjawa National Park (KNP). The Manta Tow broadscale coral reef assessment method was applied to the north side of Bengkoang Island and the south side of Cemara Besar Island (protection zone), southern side of Bengkoang Island and northern side of Cemara Besar Island (utilization zone) and Non-MPA (Seruni Island) to observe live coral cover, dead coral, coral rubble and soft coral. Substrate cover variations from 10-12 towing (track length 200m) from each side of the island have formed a spatial pattern of coral reef conditions. Furthermore, the condition of the coral reefs was confirmed using the UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) detailed assessment method with one station on each side of the island. The results showed that there were differences in the spatial pattern of coral reef conditions as indicated by significant differences in the percentage of live coral cover, dead coral, rubble and coral lifeform among management zones of the KNP. The condition of coral reefs of the MPA is better and has a higher diversity of coral species than Non-MPA of the Karimunjawa National Park. The spatial pattern of coral reef conditions can be used as an indicator of disturbances in the coral reef ecosystem and can be used for periodic analysis of coral reef monitoring data in conservation areas.Keywords: spatial pattern, coral reef condition, manta tow, underwater photo transect, Karimunjawa National Park.ABSTRAKStudi perbandingan persentase tutupan substrat terumbu karang telah di lakukan pada 3 (tiga) zona pengelolaan (zona perlindungan, pemanfaatan dan luar kawasan) Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Metode penilaian terumbu karang skala luas Manta Tow diaplikasikan di sisi utara P. Bengkoang dan sisi selatan P. Cemara Besar (zona perlindungan), sisi selatan P. Bengkoang dan sisi utara P. Cemara Besar (zona pemanfaatan) dan luar kawasan (P. Seruni) untuk mengamati tutupan karang hidup, karang mati, pecahan karang dan karang lunak. Variasi persentase tutupan substrat dari 10-12 tarikan Manta Tow (panjang lintasan 200m) dari masing-masing sisi pulau telah membentuk pola spasial kondisi terumbu karang. Selanjutnya penilaian kondisi terumbu karang dikonfirmasi dengan menggunakan metode penilaian rinci UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) dengan satu stasiun setiap sisi pulau. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pola spasial kondisi terumbu karang yang ditunjukkan oleh perbedaan yang signifikan persentase tutupan karang hidup, karang mati, pecahan karang dan lifeform karang antar zona pengelolaan.  Kondisi terumbu karang di dalam kawasan lebih baik dan memiliki keragaman jenis karang lebih tinggi daripada di luar kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Pola spasial kondisi terumbu karang dapat dijadikan indikator terjadinya gangguan pada ekosistem terumbu karang di suatu kawasan dan dapat digunakan untuk analisis data pemantauan terumbu karang secara berkala di kawasan konservasi.Kata Kunci: pola pasial, kondisi terumbu karang, manta tow, underwater photo transect, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa,

Domination of mesophotic ecosystems in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (Indonesia) by sponges, soft corals and other non-hard coral species

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Bell ◽  
J. Jompa ◽  
A. Haris ◽  
S. Werorilangi ◽  
M. Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Encrusting Organisms ◽  
Water Coral

AbstractMesophotic ecosystems have been relatively poorly studied in the Indo-Pacific and in particular within the Coral Triangle region. Here we used a mini-ROV to explore the changes in major benthic groups at two sites (~200 m apart) in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia spanning shallow water coral reefs (5 m) to deeper water mesophotic ecosystems (80 m). We found very similar patterns at both sites where coral cover peaked at 15 m, declined rapidly by 30 m, and was virtually absent at 50 m. As coral declined there was a marked increase in sponges, soft corals and other encrusting organisms (including ascidians, bryozoans, tubeworms, gorgonians and molluscs). Importantly, our results differ from most previous studies in other geographic locations where hard corals extend much deeper. It is unclear what drives this difference but it may be related to higher levels of turbidity and therefore reduced light penetration in the Wakatobi compared with other areas, which limits the vertical extent of coral development.

Coral tissue mortality of the coral Cladocora caespitosa caused by gastropod Coralliophila meyendorffi in the Mljet National Park (eastern Adriatic Sea)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 2101-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Kružić ◽  
Pavica Sršen ◽  
Katarina Cetinić ◽  
Dušan Zavodnik
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
Cladocora Caespitosa ◽  
Population Outbreaks ◽  
Considerable Damage

The corallivorous gastropod Coralliophila meyendorffi (family Coralliophilidae) is a well-known predator of the coral Cladocora caespitosa, particularly in the eastern Adriatic Sea, where population outbreaks can drastically reduce coral cover. Coralliophila meyendorffi ranges in size from 5 to 40 mm in shell total length, and smaller specimens are often found living with the coral C. caespitosa. Specimens of C. meyendorffi feed exclusively on live coral tissue, stripping it from the calcium carbonate skeleton. Recent outbreaks of the gastropod C. meyendorffi have caused considerable damage on a C. caespitosa bank in Veliko Jezero (the Mljet National Park, eastern Adriatic Sea). The bank occurs at depths between 6 and 18 m, covering a 65  m2 area. During summer of 2010, a substantial outbreak affected about 5%t of the coral colonies. The gastropods were highly aggregated in sheltered areas of the coral bank (up to 41 specimens/dm2) with smaller clusters (from 8 to 12 specimens/dm2) on coral colonies that were influenced by strong bottom currents (up to 1.23 ms−1).

scholarly journals Linking Protection with the Distribution of Grouper and Habitat Quality in Seychelles

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Howlett ◽  
Richard Stafford ◽  
Matt Waller ◽  
Sylvanna Antha ◽  
Christophe Mason-Parker
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Colony ◽  
Coral Genus ◽  
Cephalopholis Argus

Marine protected areas can be designated for a number of reasons, but exactly how they provide benefits is only recently being understood. We assessed the effect of protection on the size and distribution of six common species of grouper in a coral reef ecosystem. Data on live coral cover, coral genus diversity, and coral colony structure type were also compared to give an indication of reef quality between sites. A significant interaction was found forAethaloperca rogaaandCephalopholis nigripinnis, indicating that protected areas held greater numbers of smaller and median sized fish of these species than unprotected areas. Similar but nonsignificant trends were found forCephalopholis miniataandCephalopholis argus. ForAnyperodon leucogrammicus, MPAs held significantly more fish than unprotected sites, but as the increase was equal between size categories there was no interaction. The last speciesEpinephelus fasciatus,which was one of the smallest species, had no significant interaction, similar mean counts between protected and unprotected areas, and no obvious strong favouritism for particular sites with values indicating better reef quality, indicating intraspecies competition. The results of this study indicate that while the MPAs in this study are likely too small to benefit large groupers, the improvements to habitat quality have indirect benefits to groupers, especially at their earlier life stages.

scholarly journals Dampak Snorkeling Terhadap Persen Tutupan Terumbu Karang Di Pulau Gili Labak Sumenep Madura

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Insafitri Insafitri ◽  
Eka Nurahemma Ning Asih ◽  
Wahyu Andy Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Wisata snorkeling terumbu karang di perairan pulau Gili Labak merupakan salah satu sektor wisata bahari yang sedang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah kebupaten Sumenep Madura sejak tahun 2014 hingga saat ini. Peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang terjadi pada beberapa tahun terakhir dapat menimbulkan resiko tekanan dan kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang di area snorkeling secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kegiatan wisatawan sebelum, selama dan sesudah snorkeling terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang yang dikaji dengan mengetahui jenis karang yang mendominasi, status persentase tutupan terumbu karang serta potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling di lokasi wisata snorkeling pulau Gili Labak Sumenep. Persentase penutupan lifeform karang pulau Gili Labak khususnya di area snorkelling didominasi oleh karang hidup sebanyak 74% dan unsur abiotik sebesar 22%. Jenis karang yang mendominasi pulau Gili Labak adalah Acropora Branching sebesar 19,88% dan Coral Foliose sebesar 10,25%. Selama waktu 6 minggu pengamatan terjadi penurunan total karang sebesar 0,64% yang termasuk kategori rusak ringan, dimana sebagian besar kerusakan terjadi pada karang dengan bentuk pertumbahan branching misalnya Acropora Submassive dan Coral Submassive. Penurunan persen tutupan karang yang tinggi terjadi setelah kegiatan snorkeling (after) yang dilakukan oleh wisatawan. Analisa potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling pada terumbu karang di perairan Gili Labak selama 6 minggu pengamatan masuk dalam kategori rendah yaitu berkisar 0,052% hingga 0,085%. Faktor penyebab kecilnya nilai presentase Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) ini diduga karena waktu pengamatan cenderung pendek dan jenis karang yang mendominasi yaitu Acropora. Acropora memiliki kemampuan regenerasi lebih cepat dibandingkan jenis lainnya.  The snorkeling activity around coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak is one of the marine tourism sectors that is being developed by the Sumenep Madura district government since 2014. Increasing number of tourists that occurs in recent years pose a risk of pressure and damage to coral reef ecosystems in the snorkeling area. This study aims to determine the impact of tourist activities before, during and after snorkeling on coral reef ecosystems that are studied by knowing the type of dominated coral, the percentage status of coral cover and the potential Impact of snorkeling at the snorkeling sites of the island of Gili Labak Sumenep. The percentage of coral cover in the island of Gili Labak especially in the snorkelling area is dominated by live coral ( 74%) and abiotic elements by 22%. Coral species that dominate the island of Gili Labak are Acropora Branching at 19.88% and Coral Foliose at 10.25%. During the 6-week observation there was a decrease in live coral cover by 0.64% which was categorized as minor damage, most of the damage occurred to branching   Acropora, sub-massive Acropora and Coral Sub-massive. The high percent decrease in coral cover occurred after snorkeling conducted by tourists. Analysis of the potential impact of snorkeling on coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak for 6 weeks of observation is in the low category, ranging from 0.052% to 0.085%. The factor causing the small impact of Marine Tourism is presumably because the observation time tends to be short and the dominant coral species is Acropora. Acropora has the ability to regenerate faster than other types.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CORAL COMMUNITIES AND REEFS OF TWO PREVIOUSLY UNDESCRIBED LOCATIONS IN THE UPWELLING REGION OF GULF OF PAPAGAYO (COSTA RICA)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Jiménez ◽  
Giovanni Bassey ◽  
Álvaro Segura ◽  
Jorge Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

In the seasonal upwelling region of Gulf of Papagayo (Northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica), we evaluated and described two previously poorly known coral habitats, Punta Cacique and Bahía Guacamaya. Both localities differed in the extent of the frame-building coral communities and their composition. While Bahía Guacamaya and Punta Cacique had a similar number of coral species (16), live coral cover percent was higher in the coral reefs (ca. 50% vs. 90%) and coral communities (ca. 40% vs. 50%) of the latter. At both localities, branching species (Pocillopora spp.) contributed more as a group to the live coral cover than massive and encrusting corals. Bahía Guacamaya has the largest colonies found so far of two coral species (Pocillopora eydouxi and Pocillopora meandrina) with a limited distribution in Costa Rica. Using long-term records of environmental data, we characterized the seasonality of the upwelling and the dry and rainy seasons that partially explained the low suspension sediment loads and fresh water discharge into Papagayo’s coral habitats. The results of our study are important due to the rapid development of the coastal zone of Papagayo and because only a fraction of the littoral has been systematically surveyed. Therefore, we call for more studies that aim to produce baseline data of coral habitats in the area.En la región de afloramiento estacional del Golfo de Papagayo (Costa Rica), se evaluaron dos ambientes coralinos que nunca antes habían sido estudiados: Punta Cacique y Bahía Guacamaya. En ambas localidades, la extensión y la composición de las comunidades coralinas constructoras de la estructura arrecifal fueron diferentes. En tanto que el número de especies coralinas (16) fue similar en ambas localidades, el porcentaje de cobertura de coral vivo fue mayor en los arrecifes (apróximamente 50% vs. 90%) y las comunidades (aproximadamente 40% vs. 50%) coralinas de Punta Cacique. En ambos sitios, las especies de corales ramificados (Pocillopora spp.) como grupo contribuyeron más a la cobertura de coral vivo que otras formas (masivas e incrustantes).  La Bahía Guacamaya tiene las colonias más grandes encontradas hasta el momento en Costa Rica de dos especies de distribución limitada (Pocillopora eydouxi y Pocillopora meandrina). Se utilizaron series temporales extensas de datos ambientales para caracterizar la estacionalidad del afloramiento y la estación seca y la lluviosa. Estos dos factores explican parcialmente la poca sedimentación y descarga de agua dulce en los ambientes coralinos de Papagayo. Los resultados de nuestro estudio son importantes dado que apenas una pequeña fracción de la costa de Papagayo ha sido estudiada sistemáticamente a pesar del rápido desarrollo costero que ocurre en el área. Por lo tanto, resaltamos la necesidad de realizar más estudios, con el fin de obtener datos de línea base de los ambientes coralinos del área.

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