scholarly journals The Relevance of Pedagogical Translation for the Development of Bilingual Education in Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cristina Hernández-Ching
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public School Systems ◽  
Short Period

The article reflects on bilingualism in Costa Rica in recent years in light of the latest versions of the Reports on the Costa Rican Public School Systems (2011, 2013, 2015 y 2017). Successful contributions of several national and international researches, where teaching translation as effective technique for developing communication skills is proposed, are discussed. Also, the article reviews major historical landmarks of translation in second language teaching. There are programs in the Ministry of Public Education (MEP), public and private colleges, schools and universities, but there is a tendency to associate the use of translation in teaching only with the grammatical method. Later studies could be oriented to compare the progress between populations that have acquired the language as a second language and have worked for a short period of time in a call center, in tourism, or in real life activities where they have to translate or interpret in real mode, compared to those that do not.

scholarly journals OLIMPIADAS COSTARRICENSES DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS COMO PROCESO FUNDAMENTAL EN EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LA CALIDAD EDUCATIVA SECUNDARIA DE COSTA RICA EN EL ÁREA DE LA BIOLOGÍA. COSTA RICAN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OLYMPICS AS A FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS IN IMPROVING SECONDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-140
Author(s):  
Magaly Rodríguez-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
High School ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
University Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Regional Headquarters ◽  
Teaching Learning

Las Olimpiadas Costarricenses de Ciencias Biológicas (OLICOCIBI) potencian el nivel cognitivo mediante competencias académicas dirigidas a estudiantes y docentes de secundaria, donde se optimiza el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje mediante la aplicación biotecnológica de la biología. Parte de los objetivos es que la población académica segundaria, mediante este tipo de actividades,pueda fortalecer y mejorar la educación científica en Costa Rica. Estas olimpiadas promueven el estudio activo, participativo y significativo de las ciencias biológicas a nivel de la enseñanza media y preuniversitaria. Además, es una actividad que abre espacios de participación a todas los centros educativos, tanto públicos, como privados, y abarca todas las sedes regionales del país. Estas justas se dividen en dos categorías;la A para estudiantes de X, XI y XII nivel y la B para estudiantes de VIII, IX y X nivel.La organización de este evento requiere de la estructuración y coordinación de un trabajo integral y en equipo de varias instancias del gobierno como lo son: Universidad Nacional (UNA), Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MICIT), Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) y otras instituciones emblemáticas en el campo social, científico y biológico del país.Los antecedentes de OLICOCIBI se iniciaron en el 2007 y la recalcada labor que se ha realizado año tras año, ha impulsado la participación de Costa Rica en la Olimpiada Iberoamericana de Biología (OIAB), obteniendo desde el año 2008 destacados resultados como medallas de bronce, plata y oro, logrando posicionar a Costa Rica en los más altos niveles cognitivos. Es por ello que esta actividad fue declarada de interés institucional por las Universidades Públicas, y de interés educativo por el Ministerio de Educación.Palabras clave: Olimpiadas de Biología, educación secundaria, calidad educativa, estrategias metodológicas, procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, docentes y estudiantes.Abstract The Costa Rican Biological Sciences Olympics (OLICOCIBI), enhance the cognition level through academic competitions directed by students and high school teachers, where the teaching learning process is optimized through the biotechnology application of biology. Part of the goal is that the academic high school population can increase and develop a better scientific education in Costa Rica with those kinds of activities.The Olympics promote an active, participatory and significant study method of biological sciences when it comes to middle or secondary and pre-university education. Also, is an activity that opens up alcoves of participation to every single educational school both public and private ones, as well as regional headquarters of the country. The same are divided in two categories; A for students of X, XI, XII level and B for students of VII, IX and X level. The organization of this event, requires the structuring and coordination of an integral unity and a team of several government agencies such as: Universidad Nacional (UNA), Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MICIT) Ministeria de Educación Pública (MEP) and other emblematic institutions from the social, scientific and biological field. The background of OLICOCIBI stared in 2007 and the crimped work that has been done year after year, has increase the partaking of Costa Rica in the Iberoamerican Biology Olympics (OIAB); acquiring since the year of 2008, distinguish results like bronze, silver and gold medals, achieving to put Costa Rica as one of the highest cognitive levels; therefore, this type of activity was declared as an institutional interest by Public Universities and also as an education interest by the Ministry of Education (MEP). Keywords: Biology olympics, high school education, education quality, methodological strategies, teaching and learning process, teachers and students.

Parity without Equality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Piscopo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Female Legislators ◽  
Female President

Jennifer M. Piscopo examines how the crisis of representation in Costa Rica has placed a ceiling on gender equality in representation. The restructuring of the Costa Rican party system and party fragmentation has made electing multiple candidates from any one ballot more difficult. Top spots have become even more prestigious and more likely to be allocated to men, which reduces women’s electoral chances. Corruption scandals, party breakdown, citizen frustration, and economic problems tainted the administration of the nation’s first female president, Laura Chinchilla. Female legislators have often worked to promote women’s issues and feminist policies, but Chinchilla eschewed feminism, even though several of her policies did benefit women. Overall, her failed presidency may create difficulties for other women seeking top political offices and could have negative consequences for views of women in politics. These challenges notwithstanding, Piscopo concludes that Costa Rica remains at the vanguard of women’s political representation in Latin America.

scholarly journals ALVIC versus the Internet: Redesigning a Networked Virtual Environment Architecture

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Quax ◽  
Jeroen Dierckx ◽  
Bart Cornelissen ◽  
Wim Lamotte
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Networked Virtual Environment ◽  
Near Future

The explosive growth of the number of applications based on networked virtual environment technology, both games and virtual communities, shows that these types of applications have become commonplace in a short period of time. However, from a research point of view, the inherent weaknesses in their architectures are quickly exposed. The Architecture for Large-Scale Virtual Interactive Communities (ALVICs) was originally developed to serve as a generic framework to deploy networked virtual environment applications on the Internet. While it has been shown to effectively scale to the numbers originally put forward, our findings have shown that, on a real-life network, such as the Internet, several drawbacks will not be overcome in the near future. It is, therefore, that we have recently started with the development of ALVIC-NG, which, while incorporating the findings from our previous research, makes several improvements on the original version, making it suitable for deployment on the Internet as it exists today.

scholarly journals Formación docente inicial y acción socioeducativa: Construyendo una propuesta de implementación del Programa Maestros Comunitarios (PMC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paulette Barberousse-Alfonso ◽  
Marie Claire Vargas-Dengo ◽  
Pamela Corrales-Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Code Number ◽  
National University ◽  
Community Pedagogy ◽  
Transformative Approach ◽  
Career Program

From a critical and transformative approach, this essay presents inputs and relevant conclusions obtained during the first stage of the project Construyendo una propuesta de implementación del Programa Maestros Comunitarios (PMC), Code number 0166-15 DEB-UNA (UNA, DEB, s. f.), conducted in 2016. Considering our perspective as researchers and professors at División de Educación Básica, the paper addresses a current topic within the socio-educative field to face challenges of contemporary educational models in formal and non-formal areas of elementary education in the Costa Rican context. Our purpose is that students and teachers of the career program Pedagogía con énfasis en I y II ciclos de la Educación General Básica have an overview of the national, social, and educational reality in an attempt to involve them in applying pedagogical actions towards finding a solution to school dropouts at Escuela Finca Guararí, Heredia, Costa Rica. The essay describes the experience of teaching education students and their socio-educational action with the focus on the systematization of the experience in the initial stage of the project. Furthermore, the paper connects with emerging strategic knowledge areas at División de Educación Básica (DEB), such as social and community pedagogy in the context of the National University (UNA) of Costa Rica. It takes over a route already traced at DEB, which proposes more flexible and alternative pedagogic formats to promote educational equity and diversity issues. The paper describes the project background and a theoretical framework, as well as aspects that have been shared by the protagonist actors along the process: students-teachers, host teachers, supervisor professors, school children, and their parents at Escuela Finca Guararí. Conclusions address main results and facts during 2016 in order to show the viability of the project, which is conducted from a public university. Finally, the article also includes an overview of the project’s future in terms of its implementation in the Costa Rican context.

Costa Rica in 1948: Cold War or Local War?

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Olander
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Panama Canal Zone ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

The years following World War Two produced a strong resurgence of U.S. intervention in Central America and the Caribbean couched in Cold War terms. Although the U.S. intervention in Guatemala to overthrow the government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1954 has generally been seen as the first case of Cold War covert anti-Communist intervention in Latin America, several scholars have raised questions about U.S. involvement in a 1948 Costa Rican civil war in which Communism played a critical role. In a 1993 article in The Americas, Kyle Longley argued that “the U.S. response to the Costa Rican Revolution of 1948, not the Guatemalan affair, marked the origins of the Cold War in Latin America.” The U.S. “actively interfered,” and achieved “comparable results in Costa Rica as in Guatemala: the removal of a perceived Communist threat.” Other authors have argued, even, that the U.S. had prepared an invasion force in the Panama Canal Zone to pacify the country. The fifty years of Cold War anti-Communism entitles one to be skeptical of U.S. non-intervention in a Central American conflict involving Communism. Costa Ricans, aware of a long tradition of U.S. intervention in the region, also assumed that the U.S. would intervene. Most, if not all, were expecting intervention and one key government figure described U.S. pressure as like “the air, which is felt, even if it cannot be seen.” Yet, historians must do more than just “feel” intervention. Subsequent Cold War intervention may make it difficult to appraise the 1948 events in Costa Rica objectively. Statements like Longley's that “it is hard to believe that in early 1948 … Washington would not favor policies that ensured the removal of the [Communist Party] Vanguard,” although logical, do not coincide with the facts of the U.S. role in the conflict.

The Cloze Technique as A Pedagogical Tool for the Training of Translators and Interpreters

Target ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Second Language Proficiency ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
And Training ◽  
Cloze Test

Abstract This article focuses on the versatility of the cloze technique, as a tool not only for measuring second-language proficiency, but also for selecting and training both translators (written cloze) and interpreters (aural cloze). When presented auditorily, the cloze test discriminates pass and fail interpreter students, given the external pacing and speed stress experienced by simultaneous interpreters in real life. The article offers several ways to administer the cloze technique as well as examples of such doctored material.

Relationship between childhood obesity and socioeconomic status among primary school children in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gamboa-Gamboa ◽  
Romain Fantin ◽  
Jeancarlo Cordoba ◽  
Ivannia Caravaca ◽  
Ingrid Gómez-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Objective: This article analyzes the relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the primary school population in Costa Rica. Design: A National School Weight/Height Census was disseminated across Costa Rica in 2016. The percentage of children who were overweight or obese was calculated by sex, age, and socioeconomic indicators (type of institution: private, public, mix; type of geographic location: rural, urban; and the level of development of the district of residence: quartiles). A mixed effects multinomial logistic regression model and mixed effects logistic regression model were used to analyze the association between the prevalence of being overweight or obese and district socioeconomic status. Setting: The survey was carried out in public and private primary schools across Costa Rica in 2016. Participants: 347,366 students from 6 to 12 years old, enrolled in public and private primary schools. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children was 34.0%. Children in private schools were more likely to be overweight or obese than students in public schools (OR=1.10 [1.07, 1.13]). Additionally, children were less likely to be overweight or obese if attending a school in a district of the lowest socioeconomic quartile compared to the highest socioeconomic quartile (OR=0.79 [0.75, 0.83]), and in a rural area compared to the urban area (OR=0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). Conclusions: Childhood obesity in Costa Rica continues to be a public health problem. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children was associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status.

Vaccine effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca to prevent severe COVID-19 in Costa Rica: A nationwide, observational study of hospitalizations prevalence (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rosero-Bixby
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Severe Illness

BACKGROUND The Costa Rican vaccination program uses Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. Real-world estimates of these vaccines effectiveness to prevent hospitalizations range from 90% to 98% for two doses and from 70% to 91% for a single dose. Almost all of these estimates predate the Delta variant. OBJECTIVE To estimate the dose-dependent effectiveness of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines to prevent severe illness in real-world conditions of Costa Rica, after the Delta variant became dominant. METHODS This observational study is a secondary analysis of hospitalizations prevalence. The participants are all 3.67 million adults residents in Costa Rica by mid-2021. The study is based on public aggregated data of 5978 COVID-19-related hospital records from 14th September to 20th October, 2021 and 6.1 million vaccination doses administered to determine hospitalization prevalence by dose-specific vaccination status. The intervention retrospectively evaluated is vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech (78%) and Oxford-AstraZeneca (22%). The main outcome studied is being hospitalized. RESULTS Vaccine effectiveness to prevent hospitalization (VEH) was estimated as 93.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.0 to 93.9) for complete vaccination and 76.7% (CI: 75.0 to 78.3) for single-dose vaccination among adults of all ages. VEH was lower and more uncertain among older adults aged 58 years and above: 92% (CI: 91% to 93%) for those who had received full vaccination and 64% (CI: 58% to 69%) for those who had received partial vaccination. Single-dose VEH declined over time during the study period, especially in the older age group. Estimates were sensitive to possible errors in the population count used to determine the residual number of unvaccinated people when vaccine coverage is high. CONCLUSIONS The Costa Rican vaccination program that administered Pfizer and Oxford vaccines are highly effective to prevent COVID-19-related hospitalizations after the Delta variant had become dominant. Moreover, a single dose is reasonably effective, justifying the continuation of the national policy of postponing the application for the second dose of the Pfizer vaccine to accelerate the vaccination and increase the number of people being vaccinated. Timely monitoring of vaccine effectiveness is important to detect eventual failures and motivate the public based on information that the vaccinations are effective.

Checklist and key of New World species of Omiodes Guenée with descriptions of four new Costa Rican species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gentili ◽  
M. Alma Solis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
New Combination ◽  
World Species

AbstractOmiodes Guenée is redescribed based on all New World species, including the type species O. humeralis Guenée. Four new species from Costa Rica, O. janzeni sp. n., O. hallwachsae sp. n., O. sirena sp. n., O. ochracea sp. n., are described. Ten new synonymies are established : Phostria disciiridescens Hampson is =O. croeceiceps (Walker), Phostria cayennalis Schaus is =O. grandis (Druce), Omiodes ochrosoma Felder & Rogenhofer and Phryganodes gazalis Schaus are =O. pandaralis (Walker), Nacoleia lenticurvalis Hampson, Phryganodes anchoritalis Dyar, and Phostria duplicata Kaye are =O. confusalis (Dognin), O. cervinalis Amsel is =O. martvralis (Lederer), Nacoleia indicata ab. pigralis Dognin and Botis fortificalis Möschler are =O. metricalis (Möschler). One new combination is recognized: O. pandaralis (Walker) was transferred from Coelorhynchidia Hampson. A key and an updated checklist to the neotropical Omiodes species is provided, including O. indicata (Fabricius), a worldwide pest. Ten species that do not belong in Omiodes are retained until appropriate generic placements are identified.

scholarly journals The nature of crowdfunding in China: initial evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiyu Huang ◽  
Candy Lim Chiu ◽  
Sha Mo ◽  
Rob Marjerison
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop initial evidence about the nature and features of crowdfunding in China, given it is largely unregulated regulatory frameworks. Design/methodology/approach The paper used extensive desk research using data collected from the public and private sectors, after which the data was analyzed parallel to existing academic literature, that is, institutional context by Bruton et al. (2014). This paper uncovered patterns of development, profiling crowdfunding platforms, examining the regulatory landscape and providing antecedents of successful crowdfunding projects in China. Findings When the traditional financial markets are hard to reach, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) were starved for capital. Crowdfunding can play a major role in funding and risk sharing. It is an innovative and dynamic vehicle for MSMEs as well as enthusiastic investors in China. Since its initial introduction to China in 2009, crowdfunding has gained substantial popularity in a relatively short period. Currently, there is still not an identifiable guideline on how to delineate the significance of the crowdfunding platform. The development of crowdfunding in China faces a few unresolved key issues. As researchers exploring this phenomenon in new ways, crowdfunding platforms can be enhanced in a manner that benefits the capital seeker, investors and society as a whole. Originality/value There is a dearth of information on start-up crowdfunding in Asia. With little data available to analyze, so this paper hopes to contribute to knowledge and provide valuable information to researchers and industry representations. Crowdfunding represents a potentially disruptive change in the way that new ventures are funded. This paper represents an initial analysis in the study of new ventures in China. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for entrepreneurs, investors and policymakers as well as researchers and practitioners with suggestions about yet unexplored avenues of research.

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