scholarly journals Insurgency, crime, and agricultural labor expenditure: Evidence from Punjab, 1978-1990

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakarsh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Farm Labor ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Labor Expenditure ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Temporary Labor ◽  
Percent Decline

Using micro-level farmer expenditure surveys, this article studies the insurgency in the Punjab region of India, thought to have cost over 20,000 lives. It finds that the violence is statistically associated with an 11.4 percent decline in spending on permanent agricultural labor but did not have a statistically significant effect on the use of temporary labor. Moreover, insurgency-related violence likely signaled an increase in future kidnappings of farm labor and may have incentivized labor away from longer duration contracts. Richer farmsteads appear to be more sensitive to insurgent violence than poorer ones in reducing their labor spending.

Agricultural Labor Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra E. Hill ◽  
Izaac Ornelas ◽  
J. Edward Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Farm Work

The labor supply response to agricultural wages is critical to the viability of crop production in high-income countries, which hire a largely foreign farm work force, as well as in low-income countries, where domestic workers move off the farm as the agricultural transformation unfolds. Modeling agricultural labor supply is more challenging than modeling the supply of other agricultural inputs or of labor to other sectors of the economy owing to unique features of agricultural production and farm labor markets. Data and econometric challenges abound, and estimates of agricultural labor supply elasticities are sparse. This review explains the importance and challenges of modeling farm labor supply and describes researchers’ efforts to address these challenges. It summarizes estimates of agricultural labor supply elasticities over the last 80 years, provides insights into variation in these estimates, identifies priority areas for future research, and reviews the most influential empirical work related to this important topic. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 13 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Gender Bias in Agricultural Child Labor: Evidence from Survey Design Experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Galdo ◽  
Ana C Dammert ◽  
Degnet Abebaw
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Labor Statistics

ABSTRACT Agricultural labor accounts for the largest share of child labor worldwide. Yet, measurement of farm labor statistics is challenging due to its inherent seasonality, variable and irregular work schedules, and the varying saliencies of individuals’ work activities. The problem is further complicated by the presence of widespread gender stratification of work and social lives. This study reports the findings of three randomized survey design interventions over the agricultural coffee calendar in rural Ethiopia to address whether response by proxy rather than by self-report has effects on the measurement of child labor statistics within and across seasons. While the estimates do not report differences for boys across all seasons, the analysis shows sizable self/proxy discrepancies in child labor statistics for girls. Overall, the results highlight concerns on the use of survey proxy respondents in agricultural labor, particularly for girls. The main findings have important implications for policymakers about data collection in rural areas in developing countries.

scholarly journals Impacts of Health Services on Agricultural Labor Productivity of Rural Households in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Omer Combary ◽  
Salimata Traore
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article has used the method of instrumental variables to evaluate the impact of health services on the productivity of rural households’ farming labor in Burkina Faso. The distance from the household's homestead to the Health and Social Promotion Center (HSPC) was considered as an instrumental variable. The results revealed that resorting to a HSPC in case of an unexpected illness in the rainy season significantly improves the farm labor productivity by FCFA 3170.5880 per person-day. For improving agricultural productivity, we suggest that public decision-makers should focus on the availability and the quality of HSPC services in rural areas.

scholarly journals The Market for Citrus Harvesting Labor

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Emerson ◽  
Thomas S. Walker ◽  
Chris O. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
National Level ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Citrus Harvesting ◽  
Percent Decline

A number of aggregate agricultural labor market studies exist, typically concentrated on data at the national level. The Florida agricultural labor market, however, differs substantially from that of the rest of the nation, excepting California. In Florida, a large portion of the labor force is employed as harvesting labor. This is not only highly seasonal work, but also among the least demanding of skill. Also, over the period 1953-57 to 1967-69, the total number of farm workers declined in 49 states and by 43 percent nationally. During this time, Florida, however, experienced a 53 percent increase in hired labor usage, more than offsetting a 38 percent decline in family labor.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends and Policy Challenges in Chilean Agricultural Labor Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-232
Author(s):  
Gustavo Anriquez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand

This paper identifies the major long-term trends in agricultural labor markets in Chile. The document shows the increasing aging, feminization, and seasonality of the agricultural labor force. Long-term projections are made regarding the evolution of labor supply and demand based on demographic and economic trends. These projections suggest the continuation of the already existing trends of a decreasing supply of labor and an increasing demand for agricultural labor, mostly driven by the substitution of crops into labor-intensive but higher-value export crops. Hence, the paper predicts a continuation of the trend of rapidly increasing labor costs in agriculture. The paper discusses the challenges imposed on farmers and policy-makers of confronting these rapidly growing labor costs by continually raising farm labor productivity.

scholarly journals The effect of environmental good scarcity on own-farm labor allocation: the case of agricultural households in rural Nepal

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRISCILLA A. COOKE
Keyword(s):  
Labor Demand ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Demand Equations ◽  
Environmental Good ◽  
Rural Nepal

As environmental goods such as fuelwood and fodder become more scarce, rural households in developing countries spend more time in their collection. It has been suggested that as a result households may reallocate labor away from own-farm agricultural production. This paper examines whether this is the case for a sample of agricultural households from rural Nepal. Cross-sectional estimates of agricultural labor demand equations give some indication that reallocation away from farm work may occur as environmental products become more scarce. However, these results disappear in random-effects estimation suggesting that time is instead reallocated from other activities or leisure. What little evidence there is for a labor reallocation from agriculture suggests that policies to relieve environmental good collection labor burdens should focus on leaf fodder and grass used as livestock feed rather than on fuelwood.

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