scholarly journals The cost of peacekeeping: Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Fetterly
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Overseas Deployment

The article briefly reports on the funding of Canadian peacekeeping activities and outlines the shift toward peacekeeping operations in Canadian defense activity and expenditure since 1989. It then analyzes equipment deployed or readied in support of deployment overseas, especially with regard to the Canadian Air Force. It finds that the costs that make overseas deployment possible are substantial and form a major hidden cost of peacekeeping that, in future, needs to be made explicit to properly guide defense and peace operations planning and budgeting.

Evolution of Cost/Schedule Control (Direct Labor) in Naval Shipyards

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Scott N. Gessis
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Schedule Control ◽  
Control Concept ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cost

The evolution of a cost/schedule control system (C/SCS) for direct labor in naval shipyards can be traced from the cost/schedule control concept used in the Air Force in the 1960s as an initiative toward more reliable data. Subsequent C/SCS programs were initiated across the Department of Defense (DoD) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As private shipyards came under what is known as cost/ schedule control system criteria (C/SCSC), and its validation requirements, the issue of C/SCS in naval shipyards rose to the surface. In 1984, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) issued a directive which called for C/SCS implementation in naval shipyards. Expanded use and standardization has followed. This paper reviews basic C/SCS principles, how naval shipyards have used C/SCS in improving performance, and how it has been standardized while still retaining a degree of flexibility.

The Hidden Cost Dilemma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
David Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Health ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Tuberculin Tests

The commentary by Steigman amid Kendig1 on frequency of tuberculin testing, found in the August 1975 issue, presents a basic dilemma common to all preventive health procedures incorporated into office pediatrics. The cost of tuberculin testing is not in the material, but in the personnel time to administer and explain. If the patient is to return to the office for measurement and documentation, there are additional requirements of personnel time and office space. In our own office, where around 2,500 tuberculin tests are done each year, we have continued tuberculin testing at each annual health examination.

WPS and SEA in Peacekeeping Operations

2018 ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Jasmine-Kim Westendorf
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Peace And Security

In the past fifteen years, despite the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security and the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on Zero Tolerance of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by peacekeepers, abuse by interveners remains prevalent in peace operations. SEA is not only perpetrated by peacekeepers, but also aid workers, diplomats, private contractors, and others associated with interventions. This chapter maps the extent and main characteristics of SEA in peace operations, and investigates the ways the international community has attempted to prevent and hold individuals accountable for SEA. It provides an assessment of the weaknesses in the existing WPS framework regarding SEA, particularly in terms of its engagement with masculinities, capital, and other permissive factors that make SEA such a central feature of peacekeeping operations.

Part 3 The United Nations: What it Does, 27 Peacekeeping and other Peace Operations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higgins Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC ◽  
Webb Philippa ◽  
Akande Dapo ◽  
Sivakumaran Sandesh ◽  
Sloan James
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
Host State ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The Future

This chapter examines the UN’s peacekeeping operations. A peacekeeping operation may be defined as a UN-authorized, UN-led force made up of civilian and/or military personnel donated by states or seconded by the Secretariat, physically present in a country or countries with a view to facilitating the maintenance of peace, generally after a conflict has ceased. Many consider that for an operation to be peacekeeping, it must take place with the consent of the host state. However, this may or may not be a legal requirement, depending on the constitutional basis of the operation. The chapter discusses the fundamental characteristics of peacekeeping; categories of peacekeeping; legal basis for peacekeeping; peacekeeping and consent; peacekeeping and the use of force; peacekeeping and impartiality; functions of peacekeeping operations; UN Transitional Administrations; and the future of UN peacekeeping.

Uruguay and UN Peacekeeping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Gonzalez-Guyer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
South American ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
American Nation

During the last quarter of a century, Uruguay has contributed more to UN peacekeeping operations than any other South American nation and was one of the top twenty countries in the ranking of the UN’s Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) between 2001 and 2016. This is striking when one bears in mind that Uruguay’s population is less than 3.5 million and that the size of its armed forces has been steadily reduced since 1985. With these credentials, Uruguay secured a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council between 2016 and 2017, a position it had only previously held between 1965 and 1966. Contributing to peace operations has been a novelty in Uruguay’s foreign policy in the post-dictatorship era, though without breaking with the traditional principles of its foreign policy and strategic identity. Indeed, multilateralism and an adherence to the principles of non-intervention and negotiated conflict resolution have been consistent elements of Uruguayan foreign policy since the beginning of the 20th century. In fact, the motivations for Uruguay’s striking level of commitment to the UN peace operations are mainly linked to the evolution of civil–military relations after the dictatorship of 1973–1985.

Reducing the Cost of Purchased Services: How Can the Air Force Measure Success?

10.7249/rb128 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Shirley ◽  
John Ausink ◽  
Laura Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: a systematic review of indirect costs

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e014632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Goettler ◽  
Anna Grosse ◽  
Diana Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
The Cost

ObjectiveThe increasingly high levels of overweight and obesity among the workforce are accompanied by a hidden cost burden due to losses in productivity. This study reviews the extent of indirect cost of overweight and obesity.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in eight electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, PsychInfo, Cinahl, EconLit and ClinicalTrial.gov). Additional studies were added from reference lists of original studies and reviews. Studies were eligible if they were published between January 2000 and June 2017 and included monetary estimates of indirect costs of overweight and obesity. The authors reviewed studies independently and assessed their quality.ResultsOf the 3626 search results, 50 studies met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis of the reviewed studies revealed substantial costs due to lost productivity among workers with obesity. Especially absenteeism and presenteeism contribute to high indirect costs. However, the methodologies and results vary greatly, especially regarding the cost of overweight, which was even associated with lower indirect costs than normal weight in three studies.ConclusionThe evidence predominantly confirms substantial short-term and long-term indirect costs of overweight and obesity in the absence of effective customised prevention programmes and thus demonstrates the extent of the burden of obesity beyond the healthcare sector.

An Experimental Evaluation of a Method for Simplifying Electronic Maintenance

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Elliott ◽  
Reid P. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
School Students ◽  
Training Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Two groups of subjects solved the same set of 13 troubleshooting and repair problems in seven solid-state-circuit modules which contained as many as five stages each. Both groups used the same hand tools and test equipment. One group was composed of 41 conventionally trained Air Force 5-and 7-level technicians who normally maintain such equipment as part of their Jobs. The technicians used the same troubleshooting techniques they ordinarily used on their jobs, and they were provided with a performance aid resembling an Air Force technical order. The other group was composed of 20 high-school students with no prior training or experience in electronics. Their training for this study consisted of a 12-hour course in the use of hand tools and test equipment and in the use of the proceduralized troubleshooting aid evaluated in this study. The aid indicated which check to make based upon the outcome of previous checks. Using the proceduralized troubleshooting aid, the high-school students took significantly less troubleshooting time than did the experienced technicians using normal techniques; however, the technicians required significantly less repair time and made significantly fewer errors than did the students. These differences may be accounted for in part by differences in the tasks and scoring methods for the two groups, and there were no differences between the two groups on a number of other measures. However, the difference in training time and, therefore, cost of training between the two groups was so great as to suggest the possibility that job-relevant training and proceduralization of the task can introduce substantial savings, even after the cost of developing the special performance aids required by proceduralized troubleshooting is subtracted.

Normative and Legal Challenges to un Peacekeeping Operations

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Howe ◽  
Boris Kondoch ◽  
Otto Spijkers
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
Legal Challenges

The application of law and norms in military operations is complex. This article provides an overview of legal and normative aspects in un peace operations. It will focus on key challenges to un peace operations. First, it will review un peacekeeping from the perspective of international law. After providing an overview of the legal framework of un peacekeeping and the application of human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law, the article turns to issues related to the accountability and immunity of un peacekeepers. The final section addresses normative concepts including the responsibility to protect, the protection of civilians, human security and their relevance in regard to un peacekeeping.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document