scholarly journals Economic aspects of peacekeeping in Iraq: What went wrong?

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Chronic Instability ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Coalition Provisional Authority ◽  
Post War ◽  
Rebuilding Effort

Prospects for Iraq's economy are bleak: unemployment remains high and the post-war rebuilding effort has slowed to a trickle, weighed down by chronic instability. Rising oil prices increased GDP in 2004 and 2005. But an oil-induced rise in GDP will not necessarily bring about a general rise in incomes, as the oil sector employs only 1 percent of the labor force. To raise general living standards, oil income needs to be converted into increased employment and output in sectors with high social rates of return. This article reviews key Coalition Provisional Authority post-war policies and their effects, and proposes and discusses a set of alternative policies that would be better suited to improve Iraqi living standards and help secure peace.

The World Bank and the politics of productivity: the debate on economic growth, poverty, and living standards in the 1950s

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Alacevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multilateral Organizations ◽  
Post War

AbstractAccording to most reconstructions of development debates, poverty and social issues were not part of the development agenda until the late 1960s. In contrast, this article shows that development practitioners and institutions were already addressing poverty and social issues in the late 1940s and early 1950s. However, economic multilateral organizations soon marginalized those inclusive views and focused exclusively on economic growth. This article discusses those early policy options and why they were marginalized. It argues that this happened for ideological reasons, specifically because of the ideological anti-New Deal post-war backlash and the adhesion of Western countries and multilateral organizations to what Charles Maier defined as the politics of productivity. This ideological backlash explains the rise and early demise of Keynesian ideas in international organizations, and, conversely, their stronger influence in developing countries, where the direct influence of the US and Bretton Woods organizations was somewhat mitigated.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of the Art Market to Price Volatility

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (26) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Borowski
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Income Risk ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Calendar Effects ◽  
Post War ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
Market Indexes ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the article: The art market becomes very popular among investors, when there is strong turbulence on the stock market. In times of calm, the art market is used by investors to diversify risk and build more efficient investment portfolios according to the Markovitz’s theory. The aim of this paper is to: (i) present the peculiarity of investment on the art market, represented by art market indexes in comparison to traditional investments in other financial market segments (money market, equity indexes and commodity market), (ii) to verify the hypothesis of normality of the distribution of rates of return of the analyzed art market indices as well as (iii) to analyze calendar effects occurrence on the art market.Methodology: Comparison of rates of return on the stock, bond, commodity and money markets with rates on the art market in four different time intervals. For each of the analyzed periods, an income-risk map was presented, taking into account the spectrum of financial instruments, including six art indexes: Old Masters, 19th Century, Modern art, Post War art, Contemporary art and Global art. The hypothesis of normality of the distribution of rates of return of the art market indices for four analyzed periods was verified with the use of Jarque-Bera test.Results of the research: Comparison of rates of return on the stock market and art market leads to the conclusion that their relationship depends on the period chosen. For two of the analyzed periods, the rates of return on the stock market were higher than on the art market, but for others periods, the opposite. The distribution of quarterly rates of return resulted to be a normal distribution for almost all of analyzed indices and time periods. Calendar effects were observed in the case of four analyzed indexes.

Pursuing foreign investment for nationalist goals: Venezuela's hybrid resource nationalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antulio Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Resource Nationalism ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Control Association ◽  
Resource Sector ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

AbstractScholarship in international political economy (IPE) has noted the rise of resource nationalism in since the early 2000s. Despite the increased presence of state regulation in the resource sector, resource nationalism has not been incompatible with foreign investment. This article contributes to better understand resource nationalist policies that emerged in recent years and offers new theoretical insights to explain state-IOC relations by integrating obsolescing bargaining theories and constructivist approaches. Drawing on the case of Venezuela, this article explains how the Chávez regime pursued a hybrid model of control and welcoming of investments in the oil sector. The article argues that both bargaining insights and ideational considerations are important in explaining this model. In the context of high oil prices and sunk investments, it is unsurprising that a leftist government would seek to renegotiate contracts to seek better deals from extractive companies. Yet, focusing exclusively on those incentives misses important ideational drivers for the government to keep investors in the country. For Chávez's government, effecting changes in the oil policy was possible after waging an intense battle with its NOC, PDVSA, over control. Association with foreign investment became crucial to build its socialist model and to control its own company.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Oil Sector on Commodity Prices: Correlation or Causation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed H. Saghaian
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Causal Structures

The interconnections of agriculture and energy markets have increased through the rise in the new biofuel agribusinesses and the oil-ethanol-corn linkages. The question is whether these linkages have a causal structure by which oil prices affect commodity prices and through these links, instability is transferred from energy markets to already volatile agricultural markets. In this article, we present empirical results using contemporary time-series analysis and Granger causality supplemented by a directed graph theory modeling approach to identify the links and plausible contemporaneous causal structures among energy and commodity variables. The results show that although there is a strong correlation among oil and commodity prices, the evidence for a causal link from oil to commodity prices is mixed.

Sonangol reform will extend Angola leader's power

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Business Experience ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Offshore Oil

Significance Fund officials praised the government's efforts to rein in spending in response to low oil prices but said further steps were needed to ensure economic stability and improve transparency in public finances. The restructuring of state oil firm Sonangol, announced in April, will be critical for this process. Impacts Sonangol's reforms will shape business cross-regionally, given its multi-sector interests and status as one of Africa's largest companies. If certain of the firm's operations are streamlined, it could affect the livelihoods of some of its approximately 10,000 employees. The 16-billion-dollar Kaombo offshore oil project, led by Total, will prove fundamental for sustaining Angola's future oil output. Angola's status as the region's largest oil producer will persist as long as Nigerian output is reduced by Niger delta militant attacks. Isabel dos Santos's extensive business experience will bolster the investor credibility of the oil sector reforms.

Near-zero growth is expected in Kazakhstan in 2016

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Zero Growth

Significance Low global oil prices and GDP declines in Russia and other trading partners caused a slowdown in growth in Kazakhstan in 2015 and early 2016. External shocks led to a large devaluation of the currency, hikes in inflation, and low domestic demand and industrial activity. Savers switched from tenge to dollars, and devaluation brought reduced liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets, undermining the banking system. Impacts Falling living standards are a key political risk for President Nursultan Nazarbayev. Higher oil prices and a modest Russian recovery may offer Kazakhstan some respite. Tenge depreciation against trading partners' currencies will boost non-commodity exports. 'Dollarisation' of the economy will reduce the central bank's ability to implement monetary policies.

Pemex business plan draws scepticism in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Insurmountable Obstacle ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Substantial Drop

Significance It has proven a disappointment, failing to explain how ambitious targets will be met, while confirming the reversal of the oil sector liberalisation enacted by the Pena Nieto administration, which had been showing some promising results. Impacts The government cannot mount a massive rescue of Pemex without endangering its own finances. Any substantial drop in global oil prices could present an insurmountable obstacle for Pemex, and a significant blow to public finances. A downgrade of Pemex’s debt could push rating agencies to do the same with the bonds of the federal government.

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Dinamika Nelayan Rawa Pening ( Kasus Kecamatan Banyubiru

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Eka Wulan Safriani ◽  
Rani Dwi Jayanti ◽  
Merselena Merselena ◽  
Fadly Nuryawan ◽  
Tasya Vima Eka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang karakteristik dan dinamika sosial ekonomi masyarakat nelayan di Kecamatan Banyubiru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat nelayan yang mencakup pendidikan, lama menjadi nelayan, usia rata-rata, pendapatan, serta dinamika perubahannya. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 191 nelayan dengan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 115 nelayan menggunakan teknik proporsional random sampling. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan : 1) rata-rata tingkat pendidikan nelayan tergolong rendah dengan presentase tertinggi sebesar 57,14% pada kelompok nelayan Minarejeki dan Rowoganjar, 2) Usia rata-rata nelayan memasuki usia masa lansia yaitu dengan umur 51-66 tahun sebesar 42,25 %, serta hampir semasa usianya menjadi nelayan, 3) tingkat pendapatan rata-rata nelayan tergolong dalam kelas rendah dengan presentase tertinggi sebesar 94,44 %, 4) terjadi dinamika pada kelompok nelayan sebagai upaya peningkatan taraf hidup dengan presentase sebesar 1,6 % kelompok nelayan yang beralih ke nelayan keramba.      Kata kunci: dinamika, ekonomi, nelayan, sosial   Abstract: Berisi terjemahan abstrak Bahasa Indonesia ke dalam Bahasa Inggris dengan aturan penulisan yang sama. This study examines the characteristics and socio-economic dynamics of fishing communities in Banyubiru District. This study aims to determine the socio-economic aspects of fishing communities which include education, length of time being a fisherman, average age, income, and the dynamics of change. The research population was 191 fishermen with 115 fishermen using proportional random sampling technique. The results of the study concluded: 1) the average level of education of fishermen is low with the highest percentage of 57.14% in the fishermen group Minarejeki and Rowoganjar, 2) The average age of fishermen entering the age of the elderly is 51-66 years of age 42, 25%, and almost during his age as a fisherman, 3) the average income level of fishermen is classified as low with the highest percentage of 94.44%, 4) they are dynamics in the fishermen group as an effort to improve living standards with a percentage of 1.6% groups of fishermen who switch to cage fishermen.     Keywords: dynamics, economy, fishermen, social

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