scholarly journals The Role and Priming Effect of Pre-Acquired Memories in Abstract Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
The Real ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Specific Priming ◽  
The Brain

From a neuropsychological perspective, the brain is confronted daily by decision-making processes. Decision-making is influenced by many factors, from biological stimuli to reward assessments. In abstract decision-making, where no logical decision is forthcoming, choices still need to be made. Many priming factors can be involved in these decision-making situations. There is a need to understand what role pre-acquired memories (verbal, aesthetic, color, phonetic, emotional, etc.) play in abstract decision-making. Therefore, we conducted a survey of 40 people, including 14 (35%) men and 26 (65%) women aged 20 years (deviation = ±1.5), with medical backgrounds. All the questions in the survey form were abstract, non-binary, result-oriented, and had no specific logical answers. There was no specific priming information or reference clue that could direct participants towards a specific answer. This approach was taken so as to discover the real primer that the brain relies on when confronting abstract decision-making situations. From our analysis we found that previously acquired memories can influence persons’ choices in abstract decision-making situations. Furthermore, we concluded that these memories have unconscious, subtle, and long-term priming effects.

scholarly journals Exploitation Policy in the Aspect of Industry 4.0 Concept – Overview of Selected Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Anna Timofiejczuk ◽  
Jaroslaw Brodny ◽  
Andrzej Loska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Technical Systems

Abstract The article is a review of completed research on developed and implemented innovative and technologically advanced technical systems. According to the Industry 4.0 concept they can have a significant impact on the efficiency of production processes and product development. In this perspective, the key aspect seems to be maintenance management of technical systems, realized both in the operate phase as well as during service and repair works. There were discussed research results of authors and developed application solutions supporting decision-making processes, in terms of three main periods of realization of exploitation processes: short, medium and long-term.

Getting to the Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Michael K. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Electoral Cycles ◽  
Shared Futures ◽  
Deliberative Processes

This chapter makes three arguments in support of the claim that we need inclusive deliberative processes to shape the future in collectively intentional, mutually accommodating ways. First, inclusive collective decision-making processes are needed to avoid futures that favour the interests of some groups of people over others. Second, deliberative processes are needed to shape our shared futures in collectively intentional ways: we need to be able to talk to ourselves about what we are doing and where we want to get to in the future. Third, deliberative exchanges are needed to help collectivities avoid the policy oscillations that are (or may be) associated with the political dynamics of short electoral cycles. Effective processes of reciprocal reason giving can help collectivities maintain policy continuity over the long term—when continuity is justified—even as governments and generations change.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Long-Term-Care Residents' Decision-Making Processes as They Formulate Advance Directives

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Lambert ◽  
M. A. McColl ◽  
J. Gilbert ◽  
J. Wong ◽  
G. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Advance Directives ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Decision Making Processes

A Hierarchy of Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Thomas Boraud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Motor Loop ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

This chapter explores the flexibility of the neural network described in the previous chapters. It also shows that the anterior part of the brain can be subdivided into five functional loops that underlie different executive functions. These five major loops are the motor loop, the oculomotor loop, the prefrontal loop, the orbitofrontal loop, and the cingular loop. The first two circuits deal with the learning and decision-making processes of the motor domain. The prefrontal and frontal circuits are involved in cognitive processes. Finally, the cingular circuit is involved in episodic memory, regulation of emotions, and modulation of mood. Therefore, one can already see a certain hierarchical order, underpinned by anatomical realities: the mood, emotions, and personal history of the subject (the memory) will condition the cognitive functions that will influence motor behaviours. This hierarchy can be concretized by direct interactions between the different loops, of which anatomical evidence has been demonstrated several times.

Intensive care nurses’ involvement in the end-of-life process – perspectives of relatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranveig Lind ◽  
Geir F Lorem ◽  
Per Nortvedt ◽  
Olav Hevrøy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Intensive Care Nurses ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Nurses Role ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
Life Decision

In this article, we report findings from a qualitative study that explored how the relatives of intensive care unit patients experienced the nurses’ role and relationship with them in the end-of-life decision-making processes. In all, 27 relatives of 21 deceased patients were interviewed about their experiences in this challenging ethical issue. The findings reveal that despite bedside experiences of care, compassion and comfort, the nurses were perceived as vague and evasive in their communication, and the relatives missed a long-term perspective in the dialogue. Few experienced that nurses participated in meetings with doctors and relatives. The ethical consequences imply increased loneliness and uncertainty, and the experience that the relatives themselves have the responsibility of obtaining information and understanding their role in the decision-making process. The relatives therefore felt that the nurses could have been more involved in the process.

scholarly journals The role of the brain in financial decisions: A viewpoint on neuroeconomics

2018 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Guillermo Mateu ◽  
Lucas Monzani ◽  
Roger Muñoz Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
The Brain

In this article, we explain the important role neuroscience plays in economic and financial environments. Hence, we present neuroeconomics as a way to describe how decision-making processes affect brain activity, focusing especially on the importance of economic and financial decisions. We answer some questions regarding the role of emotions in finance, the psychological factors present in financial markets, and how neuropsychological stimuli affect our economic decisions. We conclude by citing the main research in the area of neuroscience in financial decision-making processes, and highlight further research projects in these areas.

scholarly journals Associative Learning and Motivation Differentially Requires Neuroligin-1 at Excitatory Synapses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Luo ◽  
Jessica M Tan ◽  
Jess Nithianantharajah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
Neural Computations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTIn a changing environment, a challenge for the brain is to flexibly guide adaptive behavior towards survival. Understanding how these decision-making processes and underlying neural computations are orchestrated by the structural components of the brain, from circuits to cells, and ultimately the signaling complex of proteins at synapses, is central to elucidating the mechanisms that shape normal and abnormal brain connectivity, plasticity and behavior. At excitatory synapses, neuroligin-1 (Nlgn1) a postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule required for the formation of trans-synaptic complexes with presynaptic partners is critical for regulating synapse specification, function and plasticity. Extensive evidence shows Nlgn1 is essential for synaptic transmission and long-term plasticity, but how these signaling processes ultimately regulate components of cognitive behavior is much less understood. Here, employing a comprehensive battery of touchscreen-based cognitive assays, we measured two key decision problems: i) the ability to learn and exploit the associative structure of the environment and ii) the trade-off between potential rewards and costs, or positive and negative utilities associated with available actions. We found that mice lacking Nlgn1 have an intact capacity to acquire complex associative structures and adjust learned associations. However, loss of Nlgn1 alters motivation leading to a reduced willingness to overcome response effort for reward and an increased willingness to exert effort to escape an aversive situation. We suggest Nlgn1 may be important for balancing the weighting on positive and negative utilities in reward-cost trade-off. Our findings identify Nlgn1 is essential for regulating distinct cognitive processes underlying decision-making, providing evidence of a new model for dissociating the computations underlying learning and motivational processing.

scholarly journals A proposal for a theory of constraints-based framework in sales and operations planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
I. S. Rota ◽  
F. B. De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Red Line

Research indicates that there is a lack of studies of the application of the concepts and assumptions, their effects, contributions and limitations for long-term planning of the theory of constraints (TOC). In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to understand how TOC can support long-term decision making, especially in the context of sales and operations planning (S&OP) processes. With the intention of identifying proposals which explore TOC application for long-term planning, especially integrating TOC in S&OP processes, a literature review was carried out. Using the findings and the authors' subsequent analysis, a conceptual framework, and a workbook to support decision-making processes within this framework, is proposed. It was possible to identify concepts and methods specific to TOC applications in long-term planning, such as capacity buffer, the concept of red line and the sales and capacity profiles, as well as important differences between the conventional S&OP process and the approach proposed here.

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