scholarly journals Mitochondrial Cytochrome b DNA Variation in the High-Fecundity Atlantic Cod: Trans-Atlantic Clines and Shallow Gene Genealogy

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Gene Genealogy ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Cytochrome b DNA Variation in the High-Fecundity Atlantic Cod: Trans-Atlantic Clines and Shallow Gene Genealogy

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Árnason
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Gene Genealogy ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract An analysis of sequence variation of 250 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 1278 Atlantic cod Gadus morhua ranging from Newfoundland to the Baltic shows four high-frequency (>8%) haplotypes and a number of rare and singleton haplotypes. Variation is primarily synonymous mutations. Natural selection acting directly on these variants is either absent or very weak. Common haplotypes show regular trans-Atlantic clines in frequencies and each of them reaches its highest frequency in a particular country. A shallow multifurcating constellation gene genealogy implies young age and recent turnover of polymorphism. Haplotypes characterizing populations at opposite ends of the geographic distribution in Newfoundland and the Baltic are mutationally closest together. The haplotypes are young and have risen rapidly in frequency. Observed differentiation among countries is due primarily to clinal variation. Hypotheses of historical isolation and polymorphisms balanced by local selection and gene flow are unlikely. Instead the results are explained by demic selection of mitochondria carried by highly fit females winning reproductive sweepstakes. By inference the Atlantic cod, a very high-fecundity vertebrate, is characterized by a high variance of offspring number and strong natural selection that leads to very low effective to actual population sizes.

Detection of Intraspecific.DNA Sequence Variation in the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Carr ◽  
H. Dawn Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We determined the DNA sequence of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for 55 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Norway and from 10 locations within the Northern Cod complex and adjacent stocks off Newfoundland. DNA was prepared for sequencing by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eleven variable nucleotide positions within a 298 base region defined 12 genotypes. Genotype proportions differed significantly between Newfoundland and Norwegian populations: the majority genotype among Newfoundland populations was present in a minority of Norwegian cod. Newfoundland cod showed less genotypic diversity than those from the eastern Atlantic: nine genotypes were found among all 10 Newfoundland populations, as compared with seven genotypes within the single Norwegian population. An exception was an overwintering, inshore Newfoundland population that showed four genotypes among five fish. As in other vertebrates, third position synonymous transitions predominate over other types of nucleotide changes. However, two amino acid replacement substitutions occur among cod, and the ratio of purine transitions to pyrimidine transitions is significantly higher than in other species. The existence of DNA sequence polymorphism permits the various hypotheses of the distribution and differentiation of Newfoundland cod stocks to be tested, and points to the utility of PCR technology in fishery genetics.

Mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequence variation of Atlantic cod from Iceland and Greenland

2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arnason ◽  
P. H. Petersen ◽  
K. Kristinsson ◽  
H. Sigurgislason ◽  
S. Palsson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Dna Sequence Variation

scholarly journals Human mitochondrial cytochrome b variants studied in yeast: not all are silent polymorphisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 1857 ◽  
pp. e44-e45
Author(s):  
Zehua Song ◽  
Anaïs Laleve ◽  
Cindy Vallières ◽  
John E. McGeehan ◽  
Rhiannon E. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B
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