scholarly journals Powder bismuth-based anode material for magnesium-ion batteries and its properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Ainaz Abildina ◽  
Raigul Dzhumanova ◽  
Gulmira Rakhymbay ◽  
Assemay Beiseyeva ◽  
Akmaral Argimbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work an intercalation anode material synthesized on the base of the powdered bismuth is presented. The uniformly distribution of carbon paste suspension over the substrate surface was found out by scanning-electron microscopy. The regularities of electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation of magnesium ions into the electrode created on the base of powdered bismuth in a solution of 0.25 mol/L Mg(N(SO2CF3)2)2 on the base of acetonitrile were studied. The cyclic voltammograms with the results of scanning electron microscopy and atomic emission analysis indicate that in the cathode area the reduction processes proceed with the formation of an intermetallic compound – MgxBiy; two peaks were observed at the reverse course which were conceivably corresponding to two-stage magnesium oxidation. According to cyclic voltammograms by the difference in the potential of peaks in the forward and reverse directions it was established that the processes of reduction and oxidation of magnesium ions into intercalation material were irreversible. The diffusion coefficients of intercalation and deintercalation into the electrode material were calculated using the Rendles-Shevchik equation; they were 3.12·10-11 sm2/s and 1.85·10-11 sm2/s, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated the cubic structure of the bismuth crystal lattice with altered parameters corresponding to inter-metallide formation. At galvanostatic cycling of the synthesized anode material a capacity of up to 104 mA·h·g-1 at current load 1C was achieved. Such results can be a good indicator for the development of magnesium-ion power sources.

scholarly journals Effects of Long Durations of RF–Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Dental Implants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Nabeel Safi ◽  
Basima Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽  
Hikmat J. Aljudy ◽  
Mustafa S. Tukmachi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
P Value ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Objectives Dental implant is a revolution in dentistry; some shortages are still a focus of research. This study use long duration of radiofrequency (RF)–magnetron sputtering to coat titanium (Ti) implant with hydroxyapatite (HA) to obtain a uniform, strongly adhered in a few micrometers in thickness. Materials and Methods Two types of substrates: discs and root form cylinders were prepared using a grade 1 commercially pure (CP) Ti rod. A RF–magnetron sputtering device was used to coat specimens with HA. Magnetron sputtering was set at 150 W for 22 hours at 100°C under continuous argon gas flow and substrate rotation at 10 rpm. Coat properties were evaluated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, atomic force microscopy, and Vickers hardness (VH). Student’s t-test was used. Results All FESEM images showed a homogeneous, continuous, and crack-free HA coat with a rough surface. EDX analysis revealed inclusion of HA particles within the substrate surface in a calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio (16.58/11.31) close to that of HA. Elemental and EDX analyses showed Ca, Ti, P, and oxygen within Ti. The FESEM views at a cross-section of the substrate showed an average of 7 µm coat thickness. Moreover, these images revealed a dense, compact, and uniform continuous adhesion between the coat layer and the substrate. Roughness result indicated highly significant difference between uncoated Ti and HA coat (p-value < 0.05). A significant improvement in the VH value was observed when coat hardness was compared with the Ti substrate hardness (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion Prolonged magnetron sputtering successfully coat Ti dental implants with HA in micrometers thickness which is well adhered essentially in excellent osseointegration.

Electrodeposition of Silicon in Organic Solvent Containing Silicon Chloride

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1635-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Ping Ma ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Bao Cheng Wang ◽  
Qing Sen Meng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper it was investigated that silicon be electrodeposited in the room temperature from propylene carbonate solvent. Cyclic voltammograms indicated that it was possible to electrochemical reduction of silicon chloride at -2.3984V versuHg/Hg2Cl2/ KCl (saturation) quasi-reference electrode. Potentiostatic electrolysis yielded deposits, accompanied by the change in electrolyte color from transparent to brown. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the physical properties of the silicon. The EDS analysis performed simultaneously with SEM observation demonstrates that the deposit consists of Si, O and Cl.

Observation of the Phase-Boundary Controlled Formation of NiA12O4 From a Single-Crystal NiO Thin Film and a Single-Crystal α-A12O3 Substrate

1993 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Kotula ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Twin Boundaries ◽  
Surface Steps ◽  
Nio Films ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractHigh-quality NiO thin films have been grown on single-crystal α-A12O3 substrates ((0001) orientation) by pulsed-laser ablation, forming essentially the idealized solid-state reaction geometry-a single-crystal film in intimate contact with a single-crystal substrate. These reaction couples have been characterized by cross-section transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy both before and after being heated in air to induce the solid-state reaction (i.e., Ni-spinel formation). The NiO films consisted of two twin variants which were found to conform to the underlying substrate surface steps. The substrate surface steps were produced by heat-treating the substrates prior to thin film deposition. Using this reaction geometry, it has been found that the initial reaction of the spinel takes place where twin boundaries in the NiO films meet the substrate. The initial reaction corresponds to the nucleation of the spinel. This interpretation is supported by the fact that the reaction proceeded faster up the NiO twin boundaries than elsewhere along the reaction layer (i.e., nucleation of the spinel is easier at twin boundaries in the NiO film). Scanning electron microscopy has been used with the present thin-film reaction geometry to measure reaction layer width along interfaces up to 2 mm long.

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Spontaneous Cataract in Nude Athymic Mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Bradley ◽  
R. S. Berk ◽  
L. D. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nude Mouse ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Athymic Mice ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Mouse Lens ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nude mouse is a hairless mutant (homozygous for the mutation nude, nu/nu), which is born lacking a thymus and possesses a severe defect in cellular immunity. Spontaneous unilateral cataractous lesions were noted (during ocular examination using a stereomicroscope at 40X) in 14 of a series of 60 animals (20%). This transmission and scanning microscopic study characterizes the morphology of this cataract and contrasts these data with normal nude mouse lens.All animals were sacrificed by an ether overdose. Eyes were enucleated and immersed in a mixed fixative (1% osmium tetroxide and 6% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 0-4°C) for 3 hours, dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in Epon-Araldite for transmission microscopy. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy were fixed similarly, dehydrated in graded ethanols, then to graded changes of Freon 113 and ethanol to 100% Freon 113 and critically point dried in a Bomar critical point dryer using Freon 13 as the transition fluid.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

Microbulldozing and Microchiseling

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
J.N. Ramsey ◽  
D.P. Cameron ◽  
F.W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Knoop Indenter ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Microhardness Tester

As computer components become smaller the analytical methods used to examine them and the material handling techniques must become more sensitive, and more sophisticated. We have used microbulldozing and microchiseling in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy, replica electron microscopy, and microprobe analysis for studying actual and potential problems with developmental and pilot line devices. Foreign matter, corrosion, etc, in specific locations are mechanically loosened from their substrates and removed by “extraction replication,” and examined in the appropriate instrument. The mechanical loosening is done in a controlled manner by using a microhardness tester—we use the attachment designed for our Reichert metallograph. The working tool is a pyramid shaped diamond (a Knoop indenter) which can be pushed into the specimen with a controlled pressure and in a specific location.

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