scholarly journals Parameters of adsorption of methylene blue on the magnetite-flask composite surface

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul'narkhan Kurmangazhi ◽  
Sagdat Tazhibayeva ◽  
Kuanyshbek Musabekov ◽  
B. Zhakipbayev
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Magnetite Particles ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Good Agreement

Magnetite and magnetite-flask composites were synthesized by the Elmore method. The inclusion of magnetite particles into the structure of the flask is justified by methods of IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. On the IR spectrum of the composite the peaks characteristic of Fe-O of the magnetite were found at the oscillation frequency of 1402 cm-1. Comparison of diffraction patterns of the flask, magnetite and composite showed the appearance on the diffraction pattern of the system magnetite-silica maxima at values of 2θ and the 37.15, 43.37 characteristic of Fe3O4. In addition, the decrease of peak intensity was found at the values of 2θ 21,48 and 26.56 assigned to the silicate groups. Adsorption of methylene blue on the surface of the flask, magnetite and their composite was studied. Adsorption results were processed according to Langmuir and Freindlich. It is shown that the maximum adsorption values of the dye on the surface of the flask, magnetite, and their composite are 133.3 mg/g, 85.0 mg/g, and 166.6 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption constant is also maximal in the case of a magnetite-flask composite. The adsorption parameters calculated according to Langmuir and Freindlich are in good agreement and indicate the preferability of using the flask and composite magnetite- flask as a methylene blue adsorbents.

Structural Studies of Some o- and p-Nitrophenylcarbamates by IR Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1402-1406
Author(s):  
Monika Simon ◽  
Carol Csunderlik ◽  
G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

N-Alkyl-o-nitrophenylcarbamates as solids present two carbonyl stretching bands in the region 1700 - 1800 cm−1 but similar N-alkyl-p-nitrophenylcarbamates have only one such band in the IR spectrum. In solution both kinds of carbamate present one carbonyl stretching band, but for the former, the splittings occur when the carbamates crystallize. Four crystal structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The two ortho derivatives have more than one molecule in the asymmetric unit, which is consistent with the IR observations.

Evaluation of Reference X-ray Diffraction Patterns in the ICDD Powder Diffraction File

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
G. J. McCarthy ◽  
J. M. Holzer ◽  
W. M. Syvinski ◽  
K. J. Martin ◽  
R. G. Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Diffraction File ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Binary Oxides ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Input Format ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractProcedures and tools for evaluation of reference x-ray powder patterns in the JCPDSICDD Powder Diffraction File are illustrated by a review of air-stable binary oxides. The reference patterns are evaluated using an available microcomputer version of the NBS*A1DS83 editorial program and PDF patterns retrieved directly from the CD-ROM in the program's input format. The patterns are compared to calculated and experimental diffractograms. The majority of the oxide patterns have been found to be in good agreement with the calculated and observed diffractograms, but are often missing some weak reflections routinely observed with a modern diffractometer. These weak reflections are added to the PDF pattern. For the remainder of the phases, patterns are redetermined.

Einzelvorgänge der thermischen Umwandlung von Magnesiumhydroxid ins Oxid / Details of the Thermal Conversion of Magnesium Hydroxide into Oxide

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Koubowetz ◽  
Heinrich Noller
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray

The decomposition of Mg(OH)2 was studied by means of thermogravimetry, IR-spectroscopy, DTA, thermodesorption with GC and MS, and X-ray analysis.Water was evolved in two steps, at 230 °C (a small amount only) and 380 °C. The band at 3700 cm-1, that is assigned to OH groups of Mg(OH)2, was not present above 270 °C. Assuming that only surface OH groups appear in the IR spectrum, but no bulk OH groups, the steps at 230 °C and 380 °C can be attributed to the decomposition of the surface and the bulk, resp.

Heavy Metals Immobilization by Hydroxyapatite-Alginate Composite in Simulated Gastric Fluid

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mavropoulos ◽  
Nilce C.C. da Rocha ◽  
Maria Helena M. Rocha-Leão ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva ◽  
Antonella M. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Beads ◽  
Gastrointestinal Fluid ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Micrometric sphere beads of HA-alginate composite were produced to remove Pb2+ and Cd2+ from contaminated gastric fluid. It was shown that the composite was effective in Pb2+ and Cd2+ immobilization from high-contaminated simulated gastric fluid. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses performed on HA-alginate beads after the Pb2+ uptake showed that lead phosphate, (Pb10-x Cax (PO4)6Cl2), was precipitated on beads surface. X-ray diffraction patterns of HA powder after Cd2+ sorption experiments showed no evidence of other phases, however, dispersive energy spectrometer analyses of the HA-alginate confirmed the presence of Cd2+ on the composite surface. Desorption experiments in simulated enteric fluid showed that composite beads containing Pb2+ and Cd2+ remained stables for one hour in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The results reinforce the hypothesis that HA-alginate composite can be a very efficient system for Pb2+ and Cd2+ uptake from contaminated gastrointestinal fluid preventing systemic contamination by bloody stream uptake.

The Hinckley index for kaolinites

Clay Minerals ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Plançon ◽  
R. F. Giese ◽  
R. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThe (02,11) X-ray diffraction band from a low-defect kaolinite from Cornwall (Hinckley index HI = 1·22) was examined to determine the defect structure. No combination of interlayer translations and admixing of dickite layers accurately modelled the observed diffraction pattern. Calculated diffraction patterns which gave a good agreement with the shape, position, and intensity of the observed peaks, uniformly had inter-peak intensities which were too weak. By treating the kaolinite as a mixture of low-defect (HI = 1·76) and moderate-defect (HI = 0·29) kaolinites, the agreement between the observed and calculated patterns was improved substantially. The existence of a mixture of two kaolinites was also found for a number of low-defect samples (HI > 0·4) from Georgia and Cornwall, and may be of even wider occurrence. The HI, which is very sensitive to the inner-peak intensities, does not estimate the types or abundances of various structural defects (the classical “crystallinity”), but is related directly, in a non-linear fashion, to the proportions of the two kinds of kaolinite which are present in the sample.

scholarly journals Ag/AgCl/MIL-101(Fe) Catalyzed Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Irradation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Liu ◽  
Yuanhong Xie ◽  
Mingjin Dai ◽  
Qingjiao Gong ◽  
Zhi Dang
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasmonic Material ◽  
Fenton Catalyst ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A novel photo-Fenton catalyst named Ag/AgCl/MIL-101(Fe) was synthesized by the method of precipitation and photo reduction and characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was tested using methylene blue (MB) as the target pollutant. The obtained results illustrated that the plasmonic material Ag/AgCl was successfully loaded on MIL-101(Fe) and the obtained catalyst exhibited an excellent catalytic activity under visible light at the neutral pH. According to the analyses of Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design, the optimum conditions for MB degradation were obtained. Under these conditions, the MB decolorization and mineralization efficiencies could reach to 99.75% and 65.43%, respectively. The recycling experiments also showed that the as-prepared catalyst displayed good reusability. In addition, the possible reaction mechanisms for the heterogeneous photo-Fenton system catalyzed by Ag/AgCl/MIL-101(Fe) were derived. The synthesized catalyst provides a promising approach to degrade organic pollutants in waste water.

An Application of Multigrain Approaches to the Structural Solution of Grains from Polycrystalline Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jav Davaasambuu ◽  
Jon Wright ◽  
Henning O. Soerensen ◽  
Soeren Schmidt ◽  
Henning F. Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Refinement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Resolution Level ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The overlap of diffraction spots from different grains was investigated to understand the influence of experimental factors on the x-ray diffraction data quality and to optimize the experimental parameters for data collection on polycrystalline samples. Diffraction patterns for photoactive polycrystals were indexed and sorted with respect to grains using multigrain approaches. The indexing of diffraction spots and the identification of grains for tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil samples were performed using the ImageD11, GrainSpotter, GRAINDEX and Cell_now programs. In many cases, comparison of the results from these programs shows good agreement. For the individual grains from polycrystalline samples, the crystal structure was solved and refined using the SHELXTL program. After the structural refinement of the grains, the best and the average R1 values were 1.93% and 2.06%, respectively, which are on a comparable resolution level with that obtained from the x-ray single crystal measurements.

Powder-Pattern: A System of Programs for Processing and Interpreting Powder Diffraction Data

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos P. Pyrros ◽  
Camden R. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Good Agreement

The production of standard x-ray diffraction patterns at NBS imposes special requirements in the data processing of powder patterns. The patterns should be complete and have an overall accuracy of better than 0.01 degree two theta. To ensure completeness all the observable peaks should be indexed. To make certain that the sample is a pure phase, weak peaks have to be identified as well.The indexing of all the peaks implies that the cell constants must be known and there should be a good agreement between all the calculated and observed peak positions. In practice this is achieved by a least-squares refinement of the unit cell parameters. This serves as a test of the assumed unit cell and also as an interpretation of the observed peaks. Finally, an attempt is made to identify the space group. This step also requires the identification of weak peaks. The agreement of a known space group with the observed reflections further confirms the purity of the sample.

Decolorization of Methylene Blue by Photocatalyst in the Ag3PO4-AgI System

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk ◽  
Sumetha Suwanboon
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Methylene Blue Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

The co-effect of PO43- and I- on the formation of a heterosturucture photocatalyst in the Ag3PO4-AgI system was studied by the co-precipitation method between AgNO3 and the precipitating agent. The precipitating agent was prepared by varying the mole ratios between Na2HPO4 and KI. At 10 mol.% KI, the product showed the mixed phase between Ag3PO4 and un-identified phase. For 30 - 90 mol.% KI, the un-identified phase and AgI were detected in the x-ray diffraction patterns. The un-identified phase strongly adsorbed the methylene blue dye. The product prepared from 30 mol.% KI had the highest content of un-identified phase and also showed the highest degree of decolorization in the dark. The photocatalytic properties of products in this system were confirmed by the decolorization of methylene blue under visible illumination.

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