Mammalian Y chromosome evolution and the male-specific functions of Y chromosome-borne genes

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Delbridge
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Male Specific

scholarly journals Gene-level, but not chromosome-wide, divergence between a very young house fly proto-Y chromosome and its homologous proto-X chromosome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hak Son ◽  
Richard P. Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Xx Males ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution

AbstractX and Y chromosomes are usually derived from a pair of homologous autosomes, which then diverge from each other over time. Although Y-specific features have been characterized in sex chromosomes of various ages, the earliest stages of Y chromosome evolution remain elusive. In particular, we do not know whether early stages of Y chromosome evolution consist of changes to individual genes or happen via chromosome-scale divergence from the X. To address this question, we quantified divergence between young proto-X and proto-Y chromosomes in the house fly, Musca domestica. We compared proto-sex chromosome sequence and gene expression between genotypic (XY) and sex-reversed (XX) males. We find evidence for sequence divergence between genes on the proto-X and proto-Y, including five genes with mitochondrial functions. There is also an excess of genes with divergent expression between the proto-X and proto-Y, but the number of genes is small. This suggests that individual proto-Y genes, but not the entire proto-Y chromosome, have diverged from the proto-X. We identified one gene, encoding an axonemal dynein assembly factor (which functions in sperm motility), that has higher expression in XY males than XX males because of a disproportionate contribution of the proto-Y allele to gene expression. The up-regulation of the proto-Y allele may be favored in males because of this gene’s function in spermatogenesis. The evolutionary divergence between proto-X and proto-Y copies of this gene, as well as the mitochondrial genes, is consistent with selection in males affecting the evolution of individual genes during early Y chromosome evolution.

scholarly journals Shared and Species-Specific Patterns of Nascent Y Chromosome Evolution in Two Guppy Species

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Morris ◽  
Iulia Darolti ◽  
Natasha Bloch ◽  
Alison Wright ◽  
Judith Mank
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Species Specific

Molecular characterization of a mouse Y chromosomal repetitive sequence amplified in distantly related species in the genus Mus

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Nishioka ◽  
Becky M. Dolan ◽  
Laila Zahed
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Mouse Species ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution

This report describes a 1.1 kb long mouse Y chromosomal sequence designated 142-4. It has a 42% GC content and is rich in short direct and inverted repeats. 142-4 related sequences are repeated about 200 times in the Mus musculus Y chromosome and their distribution was visualized by in situ hybridization. 142-4 detected a restriction fragment length polymorphism that differentiated between the M. m. musculus type and the M. m. domesticus type Y chromosome. Southern blot analysis of DNAs isolated from a panel of mouse species showed that 142-4 related sequences were amplified in the Y chromosomes of M. minutoides, M. musculus, M. saxicola, M. spicilegus, and M. spretus but not in those of M. caroli, M. cookii, and M. pahari. These results suggest that 142-4 related sequences are evolutionary unstable and their accumulation patterns do not correlate with the known phylogenetic relationships of mouse species in the genus Mus.Key words: mouse Y chromosome, repetitive sequence, Mus, sequence amplification, Y chromosome evolution.

scholarly journals Dynamic evolution of great ape Y chromosomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (42) ◽  
pp. 26273-26280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Cechova ◽  
Rahulsimham Vegesna ◽  
Marta Tomaszkiewicz ◽  
Robert S. Harris ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Genome Assemblies

The mammalian male-specific Y chromosome plays a critical role in sex determination and male fertility. However, because of its repetitive and haploid nature, it is frequently absent from genome assemblies and remains enigmatic. The Y chromosomes of great apes represent a particular puzzle: their gene content is more similar between human and gorilla than between human and chimpanzee, even though human and chimpanzee share a more recent common ancestor. To solve this puzzle, here we constructed a dataset including Ys from all extant great ape genera. We generated assemblies of bonobo and orangutan Ys from short and long sequencing reads and aligned them with the publicly available human, chimpanzee, and gorilla Y assemblies. Analyzing this dataset, we found that the genusPan, which includes chimpanzee and bonobo, experienced accelerated substitution rates.Panalso exhibited elevated gene death rates. These observations are consistent with high levels of sperm competition inPan. Furthermore, we inferred that the great ape common ancestor already possessed multicopy sequences homologous to most human and chimpanzee palindromes. Nonetheless, each species also acquired distinct ampliconic sequences. We also detected increased chromatin contacts between and within palindromes (from Hi-C data), likely facilitating gene conversion and structural rearrangements. Our results highlight the dynamic mode of Y chromosome evolution and open avenues for studies of male-specific dispersal in endangered great ape species.

scholarly journals Divergence and Remarkable Diversity of the Y Chromosome in Guppies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Almeida ◽  
Benjamin A Sandkam ◽  
Jake Morris ◽  
Iulia Darolti ◽  
Felix Breden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Recombination Suppression ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Male Specific

Abstract The guppy sex chromosomes show an extraordinary diversity in divergence across populations and closely related species. In order to understand the dynamics of the guppy Y chromosome, we used linked-read sequencing to assess Y chromosome evolution and diversity across upstream and downstream population pairs that vary in predator and food abundance in three replicate watersheds. Based on our population-specific genome assemblies, we first confirmed and extended earlier reports of two strata on the guppy sex chromosomes. Stratum I shows significant accumulation of male-specific sequence, consistent with Y divergence, and predates the colonization of Trinidad. In contrast, Stratum II shows divergence from the X, but no Y-specific sequence, and this divergence is greater in three replicate upstream populations compared with their downstream pair. Despite longstanding assumptions that sex chromosome recombination suppression is achieved through inversions, we find no evidence of inversions associated with either Stratum I or Stratum II. Instead, we observe a remarkable diversity in Y chromosome haplotypes within each population, even in the ancestral Stratum I. This diversity is likely due to gradual mechanisms of recombination suppression, which, unlike an inversion, allow for the maintenance of multiple haplotypes. In addition, we show that this Y diversity is dominated by low-frequency haplotypes segregating in the population, suggesting a link between haplotype diversity and female preference for rare Y-linked color variation. Our results reveal the complex interplay between recombination suppression and Y chromosome divergence at the earliest stages of sex chromosome divergence.

scholarly journals Divergence and Remarkable Diversity of the Y Chromosome in Guppies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Almeida ◽  
Benjamin A. Sandkam ◽  
Jake Morris ◽  
Iulia Darolti ◽  
Felix Breden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Recombination Suppression ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Genome Assemblies

AbstractThe guppy sex chromosomes show an extraordinary diversity in divergence across populations and closely related species. In order to understand the dynamics of the guppy Y chromosome, we used linked-read sequencing to assess Y chromosome evolution and diversity across upstream and downstream population pairs that vary in predator and food abundance in three replicate watersheds. Based on our population-specific genome assemblies, we first confirmed and extended earlier reports of two strata on the guppy sex chromosomes. Stratum I shows significant accumulation of male-specific sequence, consistent with Y divergence, and predates the colonization of Trinidad. In contrast, Stratum II shows divergence from the X, but no Y-specific sequence, and this divergence is greater in three replicate upstream populations compared to their downstream pair. Despite longstanding assumptions that sex chromosome recombination suppression is achieved through inversions, we find no evidence of inversions associated with either Stratum I or Stratum II. Instead, we observe a remarkable diversity in Y chromosome haplotypes within each population, even in the ancestral Stratum I. This diversity is likely due to gradual mechanisms of recombination suppression, which, unlike an inversion, allow for the maintenance of multiple haplotypes. In addition, we show that this Y diversity is dominated by low-frequency haplotypes segregating in the population, suggesting a link between haplotype diversity and female-preference for rare Y-linked colour variation. Our results reveal the complex interplay between recombination suppression and Y chromosome divergence at the earliest stages of sex chromosome divergence.

Mitochondrial mutations may drive Y chromosome evolution

BioEssays ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil J. Gemmell ◽  
Frank Y. T. Sin
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Mitochondrial Mutations ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document