The gender-specific hormone INSL3 demonstrates inter-fetal transport of hormones between male and female fetuses

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Anand-Ivell ◽  
Andreas Vernunft ◽  
Caterina Poeppel ◽  
Richard Ivell
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals GENDER SPECIFIC VARIATION OF TWO PHENOLIC GLYCOSIDES (POPULIN AND SALICIN) IN POPULUS CILIATA AND IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW COMPOUND (CINNAMOYL-SALICIN)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Amita Kumari ◽  
Navneet K. Upadhyay ◽  
Prem K. Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Phenolic Glycosides ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Crude Plant Extract ◽  
Populus Ciliata ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Gender Specific

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To observe gender specific seasonal variation of two phenolic glycosides (PG’s) (populin and salicin) in <em>Populus ciliata</em> male and female trees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plant material (bark) was collected from male and female trees throughout the year. The content of salicin and populin was measured using HPLC. Because of the lack of populin in the market, the standard compound was synthesized in the laboratory from salicin following standard procedure. Confirmation and characterization of synthesized populin were done using <sup>1</sup>H NMR and <sup>13</sup>C NMR. TLC and LC-MS of methanolic extract were performed to observe the presence of populin and salicin in the plant bark.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TLC showed the presence of populin and salicin in crude plant extract at Rf value 0.84 and 0.52, respectively. The results of monthly variation showed a consistent pattern of two PG’s for both the sexes. However, salicin content was observed highest compared to populin content. Whereas female trees were observed with low content of PG’s compared to male trees. The maximum content of salicin and populin was observed in the flowering season. LC-MS of bark methanolic extract confirmed the presence of a significantly larger peak, which was identified as a cinnamoyl-salicin peak at 463.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirms the highest content of PG’s in the flowering season. Additionally, LC-MS study concluded a new compound cinnamoyl-salicin (M<sup>+</sup>at 463) which is reported first time to the best of author’s knowledge. It seems that it could be the denaturation product of 2'-O-cinnamoyl salicortin and can be further explored for biological applications.</p>

Abstract 7: Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Deficiency Increases Renal ACE/ACE2 Ratio-Ang II-AT1R Expression In Male but not in Female Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quaisar Ali ◽  
Yonnie Wu ◽  
Tadashi Inagami ◽  
Tahir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gender Specific

Angiotensin II acting via Angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2Rs) is believed to be protective against blood pressure increase and affects renal function under pathophysiological condition. Recently we have observed that stimulation of AT2Rs in male obese Zucker rats has shifted the two opposing arms of renin angiotensin system (RAS) i.e. ACE-Ang II-AT1 vs ACE2/Ang-(1-7)-Mas. Evidence suggests that estrogen regulates RAS, including AT2R in female mice. We hypothesized that AT2R has a gender specific regulation of RAS. In the present study, we investigated the role of AT2Rs in regulating RAS components in male and female mice. Kidney cortex from AT2R knockout (AT2RKO) male and female mice and wild type (WT) with similar background (C57BL/6) of 20 weeks of age were used in the study. The cortical ACE expression (ng ACE/μg tissue) was significantly increased in AT2RKO mice (3±0.02) compared to WT males (1.9±0.02). LC/MS analysis of cortical tissue revealed that Ang II was also significantly increased in AT2RKO mice (WT: 31±3, AT2RKO: 47±3 fmoles/mg tissue). Deletion of AT2R significantly increased AT1R (204%, 204 of 100) expression and had no effect on renin activity compared to WT males. The cortical expression of ACE2 activity (WT: 113±8, AT2RKO: 40±11, RFU/min), Ang-(1-7) levels (WT: 7.3±1.4, AT2RKO: 3±0.8 fmoles/mg tissue) and Mas receptor (AT2RKO: 54±15, % of WT) was significantly decreased in AT2RKO males compared to WT. The cortical expression of the AT2R and MasR was 2-fold greater in WT females compared to WT male. The renin activity (WT: 32±2, AT2RKO: 21±0.3, RFU/min) and MasR expression (WT: 187.5±55, AT2KO: 47±9) was significantly decreased in AT2RKO females compared to the female WT. Interestingly, Ang-(1-7) level (WT: 5.7±0.7, AT2RKO 2.6±0.7 fmoles/mg tissue) was decreased but no changes in ACE or ACE2 activity was observed in AT2KO females compared to their WT, suggesting a role of non-ACE2 pathway. This study suggests that AT2R regulates ACE/ACE2 ratio-Ang II-AT1R expression negatively only in males, whereas in females, it regulates Ang-(1-7) potentially via non-ACE2 pathway. Such changes indicate a gender specific mechanisms potentially associated with AT2R-mediated regulation of renal function and blood pressure control.

scholarly journals Estimation of gender-specific connectional brain templates using joint multi-view cortical morphological network integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Chaari ◽  
Hatice Camgöz Akdağ ◽  
Islem Rekik
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Net Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract The estimation of a connectional brain template (CBT) integrating a population of brain networks while capturing shared and differential connectional patterns across individuals remains unexplored in gender fingerprinting. This paper presents the first study to estimate gender-specific CBTs using multi-view cortical morphological networks (CMNs) estimated from conventional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Specifically, each CMN view is derived from a specific cortical attribute (e.g. thickness), encoded in a network quantifying the dissimilarity in morphology between pairs of cortical brain regions. To this aim, we propose Multi-View Clustering and Fusion Network (MVCF-Net), a novel multi-view network fusion method, which can jointly identify consistent and differential clusters of multi-view datasets in order to capture simultaneously similar and distinct connectional traits of samples. Our MVCF-Net method estimates a representative and well-centered CBTs for male and female populations, independently, to eventually identify their fingerprinting regions of interest (ROIs) in four main steps. First, we perform multi-view network clustering model based on manifold optimization which groups CMNs into shared and differential clusters while preserving their alignment across views. Second, for each view, we linearly fuse CMNs belonging to each cluster, producing local CBTs. Third, for each cluster, we non-linearly integrate the local CBTs across views, producing a cluster-specific CBT. Finally, by linearly fusing the cluster-specific centers we estimate a final CBT of the input population. MVCF-Net produced the most centered and representative CBTs for male and female populations and identified the most discriminative ROIs marking gender differences. The most two gender-discriminative ROIs involved the lateral occipital cortex and pars opercularis in the left hemisphere and the middle temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus in the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Pair-housing of male and female rats during chronic stress exposure results in gender-specific behavioral responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Westenbroek ◽  
T.A.B. Snijders ◽  
J.A. den Boer ◽  
M. Gerrits ◽  
D.S. Fokkema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Gender Specific

Gender-specific patterns of left ventricular and myocyte remodeling following myocardial infarction in mice deficient in the angiotensin II type 1a receptor

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. H586-H592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bridgman ◽  
Mark A. Aronovitz ◽  
Rahul Kakkar ◽  
Michael I. Oliverio ◽  
Thomas M. Coffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Myocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Gender Specific

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) results from hypertrophy of myocytes and activation of fibroblasts induced, in part, by ligand stimulation of the ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R). The purpose of the present study was to explore the specific role for activation of the AT1aR subtype in post-MI remodeling and whether gender differences exist in the patterns of remodeling in wild-type and AT1aR knockout (KO) mice. AT1aR-KO mice and wild-type littermates underwent coronary ligation to induce MI or sham procedures; echocardiography and hemodynamic evaluation were performed 6 wk later, and LV tissue was harvested for infarct size determination, morphometric measurements, and gene expression analysis. Survival and infarct size were similar among all male and female wild-type and AT1aR-KO mice. Hemodynamic indexes were also similar except for lower systolic blood pressure in the AT1aR-KO mice compared with wild-type mice. Male and female wild-type and male AT1aR-KO mice developed similar increases in LV chamber size, LV mass corrected for body weight (LV/BW), and myocyte cross-sectional area (CSA). However, female AT1aR-KO mice demonstrated no increase in LV/BW and myocyte CSA post-MI compared with shams. Both male and female wild-type mice demonstrated higher atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels after MI, with female wild types being significantly greater than males. However, male and female AT1aR-KO mice developed no increase in ANP gene expression with MI despite an increase in LV mass and myocyte size in males. These data support that gender-specific patterns of LV and myocyte hypertrophy exist after MI in mice with a disrupted AT1aR gene, and suggest that myocyte hypertrophy post-MI in females relies, in part, on activation of the AT1aR. Further work is necessary to explore the potential mechanisms underlying these gender-based differences.

How Gender of Ex-Offenders Influences Access to Employment Opportunities

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Richardson ◽  
Shawn M. Flower
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Specific Barriers

While both male and female ex-offenders face many of the same difficulties while finding employment, some barriers are unique to either males or females, or are more problematic for one gender. The purpose of this article is to review gender differences in barriers to employment for ex-offenders with disabilities. There is little research on disabilities and offending populations – what exists explores the prevalence of mental health, substance abuse, and intellectual or developmental disabilities (James & Glaze, 2006; National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 2010). Further, the body of research that examines barriers to employment specifically for ex-offenders with disabilities is extremely limited. Consequently, this review will explicitly reference ex-offenders with disabilities where possible, but generalizations about this justice-involved population are required. The authors hypothesize that many of the existing gender-neutral and gender-specific barriers to employment are exacerbated by the presence of a disability or disabilities. Disadvantages for ex-offenders are compounded in a fashion that makes finding a job a daunting task.

scholarly journals Sticky Captions: Genre-internal Variation in Print-based Ad Translating

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sidiropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Greek Translation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Target Environment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Internal Variation ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract The study shows that source and target versions of ads can accurately mirror linguistic preference across source and target environments. It points to culture-specific, genre-specific and gender-specific linguistic preference imprinted in ad discourses. It examines genre-internal variation in print-based advertising in the English-Greek translation paradigm. It explores variation in discursive preference manifested in target versions of business-oriented and cosmetics ads, with a view to indicating that male and female audiences are attributed different social needs in the target environment. If ST/TTs of ads reflect culture-specific hierarchies of deeply felt needs in a society, a lot can be concluded about the immense power of advertising to register fine distinctions with respect to cultural versions of identities, to mould cultural audiences’ expectations and to create new social values in target environments.

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