scholarly journals Production and localization of activins and activin type IIA and IIB receptors by the human endosalpinx

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Refaat ◽  
A O Bahathiq ◽  
S Sockanathan ◽  
R L Stewart ◽  
M Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Uterine Tube ◽  
Cell Staining

Fallopian tubes from ten premenopausal women were collected and examined for the presence of inhibin, activin and its type IIA and IIB receptors (ActRIIA and ActRIIB) in the endosalpinx. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated clear staining for the βA, βB subunits and ActRIIA and ActRIIB that increased in intensity from the isthmus to the ampulla. No staining for the α subunit was observed. Whilst the staining of the βA subunit and ActRIIA was seen in almost every epithelial cell, staining for the βB subunit and ActRIIB was more variable. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR confirmed the presence of mRNA for the βA, βB subunits and ActRIIA and ActRIIB. These results indicated that the epithelium of the uterine tube is able to synthesize activin but not inhibin and has receptors for activin. Activins may thus act as paracrine regulators of tubal epithelial cell function, and embryonic activity may also bind to epithelial receptor and initiate intracellular processes that alter epithelial cell secretions.

Na transport proteins are expressed by rat alveolar epithelial type I cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. L599-L608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zea Borok ◽  
Janice M. Liebler ◽  
Richard L. Lubman ◽  
Martha J. Foster ◽  
Beiyun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Na Pump

Despite a presumptive role for type I (AT1) cells in alveolar epithelial transport, specific Na transporters have not previously been localized to these cells. To evaluate expression of Na transporters in AT1 cells, double labeling immunofluorescence microscopy was utilized in whole lung and in cytocentrifuged preparations of partially purified alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Expression of Na pump subunit isoforms and the α-subunit of the rat (r) epithelial Na channel (α-ENaC) was evaluated in isolated AT1 cells identified by their immunoreactivity with AT1 cell-specific antibody markers (VIIIB2 and/or anti-aquaporin-5) and lack of reactivity with antibodies specific for AT2 cells (anti-surfactant protein A) or leukocytes (anti-leukocyte common antigen). Expression of the Na pump α1-subunit in AEC was assessed in situ. Na pump subunit isoform and α-rENaC expression was also evaluated by RT-PCR in highly purified (∼95%) AT1 cell preparations. Labeling of isolated AT1 cells with anti-α1 and anti-β1 Na pump subunit and anti-α-rENaC antibodies was detected, while reactivity with anti-α2 Na pump subunit antibody was absent. AT1 cells in situ were reactive with anti-α1 Na pump subunit antibody. Na pump α1- and β1- (but not α2-) subunits and α-rENaC were detected in highly purified AT1 cells by RT-PCR. These data demonstrate that AT1 cells express Na pump and Na channel proteins, supporting a role for AT1 cells in active transalveolar epithelial Na transport.

Identification of the β-subunit for nongastric H-K-ATPase in rat anterior prostate

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. C1229-C1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay B. Pestov ◽  
Tatyana V. Korneenko ◽  
Rossen Radkov ◽  
Hao Zhao ◽  
Mikhail I. Shakhparonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Organization ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Direct Demonstration ◽  
Subunit Isoforms ◽  
Anterior Prostate ◽  
Apical Membranes

The structural organization of nongastric H-K-ATPase, unlike that of closely related Na-K-ATPase and gastric H-K-ATPase, is not well characterized. Recently, we demonstrated that nongastric H-K-ATPase α-subunit (αng) is expressed in apical membranes of rodent prostate. Its highest level, as well as relative abundance, with respect to α1-isoform of Na-K-ATPase, was observed in anterior lobe. Here, we aimed to determine the subunit composition of nongastric H-K-ATPase through the detailed analysis of the expression of all known X-K-ATPase β-subunits in rat anterior prostate (AP). RT-PCR detects transcripts of β-subunits of Na-K-ATPase only. Measurement of absolute protein content of these three β-subunit isoforms, with the use of quantitative Western blotting of AP membrane proteins, indicates that the abundance order is β1 > β3 ≫ β2. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrate that β1 is present predominantly in apical membranes, coinciding with αng, whereas β3 is localized in the basolateral compartment, coinciding with α1. This is the first direct demonstration of the αng-β1 colocalization in situ indicating that, in rat AP, αng associates only with β1. The existence of αng-β1 complex has been confirmed by immunoprecipitation experiments. These results indicate that β1-isoform functions as the authentic subunit of Na-K-ATPase and nongastric H-K-ATPase. Putatively, the intracellular polarization of X-K-ATPase isoforms depends on interaction with other proteins.

The Effects of Estradiol on Chronically Damaged Human Fallopian Tubes: A SEM Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
A. Toledo ◽  
G. Stoelk ◽  
M. Yussman ◽  
R.P. Apkarian
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The U.S

Today it is estimated that one of every three women in the U.S. will have problems achieving pregnancy. 20-30% of these women will have some form of oviductal problems as the etiology of their infertility. Chronically damaged oviducts present problems with loss of both ciliary and microvillar epithelial cell surfaces. Estradiol is known to influence cyclic patterns in secretory cell microvilli and tubal ciliogenesis, The purpose of this study was to assess whether estrogen therapy could stimulate ciliogenesis in chronically damaged human fallopian tubes.Tissues from large hydrosalpinges were obtained from six women undergoing tuboplastic repair while in the early proliferative phase of fheir menstrual cycle. In each case the damaged tissue was rinsed in heparinized Ringers-lactate and quartered.

Detection of Nucleic Acids in Cells or Tissue Sections Using In situ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
J. R. Hully ◽  
K. R. Luehrsen ◽  
K. Aoyagi ◽  
C. Shoemaker ◽  
R. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
In Cells

The development of PCR technology has greatly accelerated medical research at the genetic and molecular levels. Until recently, the inherent sensitivity of this technique has been limited to isolated preparations of nucleic acids which lack or at best have limited morphological information. With the obvious exception of cell lines, traditional PCR or reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) cannot identify the cellular source of the amplified product. In contrast, in situ hybridization (ISH) by definition, defines the anatomical location of a gene and/or it’s product. However, this technique lacks the sensitivity of PCR and cannot routinely detect less than 10 to 20 copies per cell. Consequently, the localization of rare transcripts, latent viral infections, foreign or altered genes cannot be identified by this technique. In situ PCR or in situ RT-PCR is a combination of the two techniques, exploiting the sensitivity of PCR and the anatomical definition provided by ISH. Since it’s initial description considerable advances have been made in the application of in situ PCR, improvements in protocols, and the development of hardware dedicated to in situ PCR using conventional microscope slides. Our understanding of the importance of viral latency or viral burden in regards to HIV, HPV, and KSHV infections has benefited from this technique, enabling detection of single viral copies in cells or tissue otherwise thought to be normal. Clearly, this technique will be useful tool in pathobiology especially carcinogenesis, gene therapy and manipulations, the study of rare gene transcripts, and forensics.

RNA expression as a prognostic tool in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (23) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075
Author(s):  
Krisztina Fischer ◽  
Orsolya Galamb ◽  
Béla Molnár ◽  
Zsolt Tulassay ◽  
András Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Northern Blot ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection Assay ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Protection Assay ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection

A gyermekkori nephrosis 90%-a idiopathiás nephrosis szindróma. Az idetartozó három kórkép, a minimal change betegség, a mesangialis proliferatio és a focalis sclerosis hasonló klinikai képpel jelentkező, eltérő prognózisú és terápiás válaszú betegség. Dolgozatunk célja az idiopathiás nephrosis szindrómába tartozó kórképek kialakulásával, progressziójával összefüggő genetikai ismeretek, génexpressziós változások áttekintése és funkcionális csoportosítása. A génexpressziós változások meghatározásának eszközeként, dolgozatunk röviden összefoglalja a northern blot, a ribonuclease protection assay, az in situ RNS-hibridizáció, a kvantitatív RT-PCR és a microarray módszerek lényegét. Az eddig elvégzett vizsgálatok a DNS-szintézis és repair gének, növekedési faktorok, extracelluláris mátrix, extracelluláris ligandreceptorok, extracelluláris jelátvitel zavarai mellett kiemelik a metabolikus és transzporter gének, illetve az immunszabályozó gének molekuláris eltéréseit, amelyek összefüggésben vannak az idiopathiás nephrosis szindróma eddig megismert molekuláris hátterével. A chiptechnológia fejlődésével és elterjedésével ezek a markerek és a hagyományos vizsgálati módszerek párhuzamos alkalmazása rutindiagnosztikai szempontból is fontossá válhat.

Investigations of Leakage Paths in Sub-0.35μm DRAM Products Using Advanced Focused Ion Beam Techniques

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lorenz ◽  
C. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Floating Gate ◽  
Leakage Path ◽  
Contrast Technique ◽  
Voltage Contrast

Abstract Due to the continuously decreasing cell size of DRAMs and concomitantly diminishing thickness of some insulating layers new failure mechanisms appear which until now had no significance for the cell function. For example high resistance leakage paths between closely spaced conductors can lead to retention problems. These are hard to detect by electrical characterization in a memory tester because the involved currents are in the range of pA. To analyze these failures we exploit the very sensitive passive voltage contrast of the Focused Ion Beam Microscope (FIB). The voltage contrast can further be enhanced by in-situ FIB preparations to obtain detailed information about the failure mechanism. The first part of this paper describes a method to detect a leakage path between a borderless contact on n-diffusion and an adjacent floating gate by passive voltage contrast achieved after FIB circuit modification. In the second part we will demonstrate the localization of a DRAM trench dielectric breakdown. In this case the FIB passive voltage contrast technique is not limited to the localization of the failing trench. We can also obtain the depth of the leakage path by selective insitu etching with XeF2 stopped immediately after a voltage contrast change.

scholarly journals Benign Ovarian Cysts with Raised CA-125 Levels: Do We Need to Evaluate the Fallopian Tubes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Devesh Sharma ◽  
Anjali Vinocha
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cyst ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen 125

Abstract Objectives It is not clearly known whether some benign (simple) ovarian cysts can convert into cancerous cysts. Size of cyst and wall abnormalities do predict the potentiality of malignancy. Not many studies have been done to explore the malignant potential of large-sized (> 5 cm) unilocular ovarian cysts without wall abnormalities. This study evaluated the correlation between ultrasonographic size of benign ovarian cysts and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. Methodology Sixty (60) premenopausal women were recruited for the study preoperatively, based on transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) findings present in the case record sheet received along with the CA-125 sample in the biochemistry laboratories. Those cases with elevated CA-125 levels were selected, where patients had unilocular ovarian cysts without wall abnormalities. CA-125 was done using ECLIA methodology (Cobas e411, Germany). Statistical correlation was calculated between the ovarian cyst size and CA-125 levels using Spearman’s Rho coefficient. Results Mean age group of subjects were 29.7 ± 7.3 years and mean value of CA-125 (normal < 35 IU/mL) was found to be increased: 118.0 ± 147.1 IU/mL so was the mean diameter of cysts (cut off ≤ 5 cm): 48.6 ± 59.8 cm. No correlation was found between CA-125 levels and volume of ovarian cyst (r = 0.005, p = 0.680) for all subjects. Conclusions The lack of correlation between size of ovarian cysts and CA-125 levels provides a hint that the ovarian cyst epithelium does not directly express CA-125 and it may come from sites like the fallopian tube. Thus, raised level of CA-125 in benign ovarian cyst should be followed-up more closely, demanding assessment of fallopian tubes for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Also, algorithms can be explored to include size of ovarian cyst and CA 125 levels to predict ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Overexpression of P-glycoprotein, MRP2, and CYP3A4 impairs intestinal absorption of octreotide in rats with portal hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Sun ◽  
Shunxiong Tang ◽  
Binbin Hou ◽  
Zhijun Duan ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Intestinal Microsomes ◽  
First Pass

Abstract Background Portal hypertension (PH) is the main cause of complications and death in liver cirrhosis. The effect of oral administration of octreotide (OCT), a drug that reduces PH by the constriction of mesenteric arteries, is limited by a remarkable intestinal first-pass elimination. Methods The bile duct ligation (BDL) was used in rats to induce liver cirrhosis with PH to examine the kinetics and molecular factors such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) influencing the intestinal OCT absorption via in situ and in vitro experiments on jejunal segments, transportation experiments on Caco-2 cells and experiments using intestinal microsomes and recombinant human CYP3A4. Moreover, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results Both in situ and in vitro experiments in jejunal segments showed that intestinal OCT absorption in both control and PH rats was largely controlled by P-gp and, to a lesser extent, by MRP2. OCT transport mediated by P-gp and MRP2 was demonstrated on Caco-2 cells. The results of RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry suggested that impaired OCT absorption in PH was in part due to the jejunal upregulation of these two transporters. The use of intestinal microsomes and recombinant human CYP3A4 revealed that CYP3A4 metabolized OCT, and its upregulation in PH likely contributed to impaired drug absorption. Conclusions Inhibition of P-gp, MRP2, and CYP3A4 might represent a valid option for decreasing intestinal first-pass effects on orally administered OCT, thereby increasing its bioavailability to alleviate PH in patients with cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Mammographic microcalcifications and risk of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Azam ◽  
Mikael Eriksson ◽  
Arvid Sjölander ◽  
Marike Gabrielson ◽  
Roxanna Hellgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Computer Aided Detection ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Microcalcification Clusters

Abstract Background Mammographic microcalcifications are considered early signs of breast cancer (BC). We examined the association between microcalcification clusters and the risk of overall and subtype-specific BC. Furthermore, we studied how mammographic density (MD) influences the association between microcalcification clusters and BC risk. Methods We used a prospective cohort (n = 53,273) of Swedish women with comprehensive information on BC risk factors and mammograms. The total number of microcalcification clusters and MD were measured using a computer-aided detection system and the STRATUS method, respectively. Cox regressions and logistic regressions were used to analyse the data. Results Overall, 676 women were diagnosed with BC. Women with ≥3 microcalcification clusters had a hazard ratio [HR] of 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.57–3.01) compared to women with no clusters. The estimated risk was more pronounced in premenopausal women (HR = 2.93; 95% CI = 1.67–5.16). For postmenopausal women, microcalcification clusters and MD had a similar influence on BC risk. No interaction was observed between microcalcification clusters and MD. Microcalcification clusters were significantly associated with in situ breast cancer (odds ratio: 2.03; 95% CI = 1.13–3.63). Conclusions Microcalcification clusters are an independent risk factor for BC, with a higher estimated risk in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, microcalcification clusters have a similar association with BC as baseline MD.

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