scholarly journals Mechanisms underlying oocyte activation and postovulatory ageing

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fissore ◽  
M Kurokawa ◽  
J Knott ◽  
M Zhang ◽  
J Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Free Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Developmental Programme ◽  
Nuclear Modifications

Mammalian oocytes undergo significant growth during oogenesis and experience extensive cytoplasmic and nuclear modifications immediately before ovulation in a process commonly referred to as oocyte maturation. These changes are intended to maximize the developmental success after fertilization. Entry of a spermatozoon into the oocyte, which occurs a few hours after ovulation, initiates long-lasting oscillations in the free intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) that are responsible for all events of oocyte activation and the initiation of the developmental programme that often culminates in the birth of young. Nevertheless, the cellular and molecular changes that occur during maturation to optimize development are transient, and exhibit rapid deterioration. Moreover, fertilization of oocytes after an extended residence in the oviduct (or in culture) initiates a different developmental programme, one that is characterized by fragmentation, programmed cell death, and abnormal development. Inasmuch as [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations can trigger both developmental programmes in mammalian oocytes, this review addresses one of the mechanism(s) possibly used by spermatozoa to initiate these persistent [Ca(2+)](i) responses, and the cellular and molecular changes that may underlie the postovulatory cellular fragmentation of ageing mammalian oocytes.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Changes Associated with Onion Skin Formation Suggest Involvement of Programmed Cell Death

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortal Galsurker ◽  
Adi Doron-Faigenboim ◽  
Paula Teper-Bamnolker ◽  
Avinoam Daus ◽  
Yael Fridman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Onion Skin ◽  
Skin Formation

The Pros and Cons of Apoptosis Assays for Use in the Study of Cells, Tissues, and Organs

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Watanabe ◽  
Midori Hitomi ◽  
Kathy van der Wee ◽  
Florence Rothenberg ◽  
Steven A. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Pros And Cons

Programmed cell death or apoptosis occurs in many tissues during normal development and in the normal homeostasis of adult tissues. Apoptosis also plays a significant role in abnormal development and disease. Increased interest in apoptosis and cell death in general has resulted in the development of new techniques and the revival of old ones. Each assay has its advantages and disadvantages that can render it appropriate and useful for one application, but inappropriate or difficult to use in another. Understanding the strengths and limitations of the assays would allow investigators to select the best methods for their needs.

Cellular Responses to Metal Ions Released From Implants

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Kardos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Free Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcified Tissue

In the process of calcified tissue formation, cells secrete a protein-rich matrix into which they add a metal ion that nucleates in the presence of phosphorus to form an inorganic salt (usually calcium hydroxyapatite). Cellular and tissue responses to metal ions—released from implants, for example—can therefore be considered from the perspective of how cells handle calcium ions. A critical factor in determining cellular toxicity will be free ion concentrations and the competitive interactions that occur in a physicochemical manner. Three of the parameters used to assess the biocompatibility of implant materials are (1) the ability to influence mitotic activity, (2) intercellular adhesion, and (3) promotion of cell death. A spectrum of responses to free intracellular calcium ions can be identified, ranging from presence of the ion being essential for cell division through to an excess of the free ion that results in cell death (apoptosis). In between these extremes, cells may become postmitotic and express phenotypic variations as they adapt to their environment and establish equilibrium to maintain intracellular calcium homeostasis. The response of cells to implants can be linked to ions released and interactions between these and other ions and/or molecules present in the tissues, similar to the manner in which cells handle calcium ions.

scholarly journals Structural Modifications and Programmed Cell Death of Chili Pepper Fruit Related to Resistance Responses to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1295-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hyung Kim ◽  
Jae-Bok Yoon ◽  
Hyo-Guen Park ◽  
Eun Woo Park ◽  
Young Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Nuclear Modifications

Postharvest (detached) and in planta (attached) fruits of pepper plants, Capsicum annuum cv. Jejujaerae (susceptible) and Capsicum baccatum cv. PBC80 (resistant), inoculated with the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were examined using light, confocal laser scanning, and electron microscopy to compare the cytological differences between the compatible and incompatible interactions. In nonwound inoculation of postharvest pepper fruit, resistant pepper tissues showed a significant increase in the thickness of the cuticle layer compared with that of the susceptible and noninoculated fruit. Cytological features of programmed cell death (PCD) were observed in the resistant pepper fruit with postharvest inoculation, and these were characterized by positive responses to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. The oligonucleosomal fragments of DNA were confirmed electrophoretically as DNA laddering. The PCD-positive responses occurred around the inoculation sites early in in planta wound inoculation in the resistant pepper. Nuclear modifications and structural changes of hypersensitivity were also observed in the resistant fruit, including separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of electron-dense inclusions in vacuoles, and cytoplasmic vacuolization accompanying fragmentation of the cytoplasm. These structural changes may also implicate PCD-like host responses. In addition, in planta wound inoculation resulted in cell enlargement and cell division during the later stages of infection to form a periderm-like boundary layer around the inoculation site.

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seyed Mir ◽  
A.-S. Berghoff ◽  
M. Preusser ◽  
G. Ricken ◽  
J. Riedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors

Glial cytotoxicity of low doses of cadmium as a model of heavy metal pollution influence on vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V. S. Nedzvetsky ◽  
V. Ya. Gasso ◽  
A. M. Hahut ◽  
I. A. Hasso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cadmium Ions

Cadmium is a common transition metal that entails an extremely wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals. The cytotoxicity of cadmium ions and its compounds is due to various genotoxic effects, including both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Some bone diseases, kidney and digestive system diseases are determined as pathologies that are closely associated with cadmium intoxication. In addition, cadmium is included in the list of carcinogens because of its ability to initiate the development of tumors of several forms of cancer under conditions of chronic or acute intoxication. Despite many studies of the effects of cadmium in animal models and cohorts of patients, in which cadmium effects has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The genotoxic effects of cadmium and the induction of programmed cell death have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In recent years, the results obtained for in vivo and in vitro experimental models have shown extremely high cytotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of cadmium and its compounds in various tissues. One of the most studied causes of cadmium cytotoxicity is the development of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage to macromolecules of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Brain cells are most sensitive to oxidative damage and can be a critical target of cadmium cytotoxicity. Thus, oxidative damage caused by cadmium can initiate genotoxicity, programmed cell death and inhibit their viability in the human and animal brains. To test our hypothesis, cadmium cytotoxicity was assessed in vivo in U251 glioma cells through viability determinants and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The result of the cell viability analysis showed the dose-dependent action of cadmium chloride in glioma cells, as well as the generation of oxidative stress (p <0.05). Calculated for 48 hours of exposure, the LD50 was 3.1 μg×ml-1. The rates of apoptotic death of glioma cells also progressively increased depending on the dose of cadmium ions. A high correlation between cadmium concentration and apoptotic response (p <0.01) was found for cells exposed to 3–4 μg×ml-1 cadmium chloride. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and induction of apoptosis. The results indicate a strong relationship between the generation of oxidative damage by macromolecules and the initiation of programmed cell death in glial cells under conditions of low doses of cadmium chloride. The presented results show that cadmium ions can induce oxidative damage in brain cells and inhibit their viability through the induction of programmed death. Such effects of cadmium intoxication can be considered as a model of the impact of heavy metal pollution on vertebrates.

Dynamical analysis of the programmed cell death pathway

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Carotenuto ◽  
Vincenza Pace ◽  
Dina Bellizzi ◽  
Giovanna De Benedictis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Cell Death Pathway
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