scholarly journals Matrix metalloproteinases and their specific tissue inhibitors in menstruation

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Dong ◽  
H Dong ◽  
A Campana ◽  
P Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Endometrial Regeneration

The timely breakdown of extracellular matrix is essential for menstruation. Matrix metalloproteinases, which are able to degrade virtually all components of the extracellular matrix, are spatiotemporally expressed in the cyclic endometrium. The expression of most matrix metalloproteinases is regulated transcriptionally and their proteolytic activities are precisely controlled. The balance between matrix metalloproteinases and their specific tissue inhibitors is believed to be crucial for menstruation. This review focuses on the roles of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the initiation of menstruation and on the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression and activation. For example, the function of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in endometrial re-epithelialization and angiogenesis during endometrial regeneration, when cell migration is facilitated to ensure endometrial repair, is discussed. This and other processes, although not fully resolved, serve to illustrate the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the process of menstruation.

scholarly journals The Serum Levels of Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase MMP-9, MMP-2/TIMP-2 Complex and TIMP-1 do not Change Significantly During Normal Pregnancy.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritva Nissi ◽  
Markku Santala ◽  
Anne Talvensaari-Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Activity Measurements

Abstract Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important regulators of vascular and uterine remodeling. Normal pregnancy is associated with increased MMP activity. Measurements of the plasma levels on MMPs have not been consistent between studies in complicated pregnancies. We have examined MMP-9, MMP-2 and their respective tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in different time points in the sera of 13 women with normal pregnancy. Results: The serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were stable throughout pregnancy. The level of MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex was slightly increased after week 15 without statistical significance. The serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2/TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 on different time points during normal pregnancy are poorly studied and further measurements of the plasma levels of MMPs and the correlation with MMP levels in the placenta and other maternal tissues are needed.

scholarly journals Temporal changes in myocardial collagen, matrix metalloproteinases, and their tissue inhibitors in the left ventricular myocardium in experimental chronic mitral regurgitation in rodents

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. H1269-H1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Corporan ◽  
Daisuke Onohara ◽  
Roberto Hernandez-Merlo ◽  
Alicja Sielicka ◽  
Muralidhar Padala
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Mitral Leaflet ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors ◽  
Myocardial Collagen

Mitral regurgitation (MR) imposes left ventricular volume overload, triggering rapid ventricular dilatation, increased myocardial compliance, and, ultimately, cardiac dysfunction. Breakdown of the extracellular matrix has been hypothesized to drive these rapid changes, partially from an imbalance in the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs)]. In the present study, we developed a rat model of severe MR that mimics the human condition and investigated the temporal changes in extracellular matrix-related genes, collagen biosynthesis proteins, and proteolytic enzymes over a 20-wk period. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized to a surgical plane with mechanical ventilation, and a thoracotomy was performed to expose the apex. Using transesophageal ultrasound guidance, a needle was inserted into the beating heart to perforate the anterior mitral leaflet and create severe MR. Animals were survived for 20 wk, with some animals terminated at 2, 10, and 20 wk for analysis of left ventricular tissue. A sham group that underwent the same surgery without mitral leaflet perforation and MR were used as controls. At 2 wk post-MR, increased collagen gene expression was measured, but protein levels of collagen did not corroborate this finding. In parallel, MMP-1-to-TIMP-4, MMP-2-to-TIMP-1, and MMP-2-to-TIMP-3 ratios were significantly elevated, indicating a proteolytic milieu in the myocardium, possibly causing collagen degradation. By 20 wk, many of the initial differences seen in the proteolytic ratios were not observed, with an increase in collagen compared with the 2-wk time point. Altogether, this data indicates that an imbalance in the MMP-to-TIMP ratio may occur early and potentially contribute to the early dilatation and compliance observed structurally. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this rodent model of severe mitral regurgitation that mimics the human condition, eccentric left ventricular dilatation occurred rapidly and persisted over the 20-wk period with parallel changes in myocardial collagen and matrix metalloproteinases that may drive the extracellular matrix breakdown.

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