scholarly journals New insights in equine steroidogenesis: an in-depth look at steroid signaling in the placenta

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Loux ◽  
A J Conley ◽  
K E Scoggin ◽  
H El-Sheikh Ali ◽  
P Dini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Steroid Signaling ◽  
Steroid Profile

Steroid production varies widely among species, with these differences becoming more pronounced during pregnancy. As a result, each species has its own distinct pattern of steroids, steroidogenic enzymes, receptors, and transporters to support its individual physiological requirements. Although the circulating steroid profile is well characterized during equine pregnancy, there is much yet to be explored regarding the factors that support steroidogenesis and steroid signaling. To obtain a holistic view of steroid-related transcripts, we sequenced chorioallantois (45 days, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months, 11 months, and post-partum) and endometrium (4 months, 6 months, 10 months, 11 months, and diestrus) throughout gestation, then looked in-depth at transcripts related to steroid synthesis, conjugation, transportation, and signaling. Key findings include: 1) differential expression of HSD17B isoforms among tissues (HSD17B1 high in the chorioallantois, while HSD17B2 is the dominant form in the endometrium) 2) a novel isoform with homology to SULT1A1 is the predominant sulfotransferase transcript in the chorioallantois; and 3) nuclear estrogen (ESR1, ESR2) and progesterone (PGR) expression is minimal to nonexistant in the chorioallantois and pregnant endometrium. Additionally, several hypotheses have been formed, including the possibility that the 45-day chorioallantois is able to synthesize steroids de novo from acetate and that horses utilize glucuronidation to clear estrogens from the endometrium during estrous, but not during pregnancy. In summary, these findings represent an in-depth look at equine steroid-related transcripts through gestation, providing novel hypotheses and future directions for equine endocrine research.

Hidradenocarcinomas: A Brief Review and Future Directions

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Gauerke ◽  
James J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Clear Cell ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Variable Morphology ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
Multiple Recurrences ◽  
Adnexal Tumors

Abstract Hidradenocarcinomas are rare, aggressive skin adnexal tumors of sweat gland origin that demonstrate a high potential for local recurrence, metastasis, and poor outcome. These neoplasms can derive from preexisting clear cell hidradenomas but more commonly appear de novo, with the molecular events responsible for the pathogenesis currently unknown. Historically, diagnosis has been difficult because of the few cases, inconsistent nomenclature, variable morphology of cells that compose the neoplasm, and confusion with other visceral metastatic tumors. Presentation is generally benign with an indolent clinical course that typically includes local and multiple recurrences. Despite wide-excision surgery, disease at regional lymph nodes and metastatic sites is common and linked to decreased survival. Currently, molecular markers of pathogenesis as well as effective forms of adjuvant chemotherapy are lacking. Future studies are required to identify the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, which may facilitate diagnosis and foster development of molecularly targeted forms of adjuvant therapy.

Surveying views of metaphor vs. literal language in psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
Dennis Tay
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Client Resistance ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Presentation Sequence ◽  
Within Subjects

Abstract Five key therapeutic functions of metaphors are often discussed by psychotherapists. They (i) help clients express emotions and experiences, (ii) help therapists and clients explain difficult concepts, (iii) introduce new frames of reference, (iv) help work through client resistance, and (v) build a collaborative relationship between therapists and clients. Research on how these functions are enacted in psychotherapy talk tends to assume that they are indeed perceived as such by clients, and that metaphorical language is preferred to comparable literal language in performing them. This paper reports a survey study (N = 84) to critically interrogate these assumptions. Participants read two constructed therapy dialogues, controlled and counterbalanced for presentation sequence, where therapist and client discuss an issue using metaphorical and literal language respectively. Each dialogue is followed by a 15-item questionnaire to rate how well the presumed functions were performed (e.g. the therapist and client can work effectively together, the therapist is able to explain difficult concepts). A combined Confirmatory (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) suggests that, instead of the five distinct functions proposed in the literature, participants discerned three functions which reflect a more holistic view of what metaphors can do. A second EFA conducted on literal responses yielded only two factors. This contrast in factor structure further suggests that (i) literal language is less functionally nuanced, and (ii) metaphors are not simply perceived as an ‘add-on’ to literal language, but are evaluated across an extended narrative in fundamentally different ways. Within-subjects metaphor vs. literal ratings of the items under the emergent three-factor structure were then compared. Metaphor ratings were significantly higher in all factors (p < 0.01), suggesting that metaphorical language is indeed perceived as more effective than literal language when discussing clients’ issues. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Correlations of ΔNp73 and TAp73 Expression Pattern with Specific Genetic Rearrengents in AML.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4501-4501
Author(s):  
Antonio Roberto L. Araújo ◽  
Ana Silvia G. Lima ◽  
Rodrigo A. Panepucci ◽  
Eduardo M. Rego
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Transactivation Domain ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The p73 protein is a p53 homolog and acts on cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), but mutations on the genes p53 and p73 are rare. It is translated in two distinct isoforms: TAp73 and ΔNp73. The later does not possess the N-terminal transactivation domain and exerts a dominant negative action over TAp73 and p53 functions. Theoretically an aberrant high expression of ΔNp73 may lead to a block of p53 and TAp73, thus conferring a proliferative advantage to the leukemic cells. In order to evaluate this issue, we proposed to: Compare the gene expression levels of TAp73 and ΔNp73 isoforms in the bone marrow from de novo AML patients and normal individuals; Correlate these expression patterns with the presence of the rearrangements PML-RARα, AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MHY11, (previously determined by RT-PCR according the BIOMED-1 protocol). From 137 AML patients whose samples were evaluated by Real Time PCR, 78 harbored the genetic rearrangements (referred to as RP group): PML-RARα (n = 30), AML1-ETO (n = 16) or CBFβ-MHY11 (n = 32), whereas in the 59 remaining samples these rearrangements were not detected (RN group). Additionally, CD34+ cell samples of 22 normal bone marrow donors were also evaluated. Sample input was normalized by GAPDH expression and the relative expression was calculated using the cell line k562 as reference sample. The mean expression of TAp73 and ΔNp73 was significantly lower on normal CD34+ cell compared to leukemic samples [(TAp73: mean (m) = 0.0162 ± standard deviation = 0.004 vs m = 0.623 ± 0.0845, p = 0,0047); (ΔNp73: m = 0.277 ± 0.09 vs m = 8.09 ± 1.34, p = 0,0215)]. A higher expression of TAp73 and ΔNp73 was observed on RN compared to RP samples [(TAp73: m = 0.992 ± 0.171 vs m = 0.344 ± 0.055, p &lt; 0,0001); (ΔNp73: m = 12.44 ± 2.434 vs m = 4.80 ± 1.382, p = 0,0046)]. There was no difference in the expression of TAp73 between PML-RARα positive samples (m = 0.391 ± 0.095) and the remaining leukemic samples (m = 0.688 ± 0.104, p = 0,1476). However, the expression levels of ΔNp73 were significantly lower in the PML-RARα positive samples (m = 2.656 ± 0.370 vs m = 9.62 ± 1.69, p = 0,0317). No significant difference was observed in ΔNp73 and TAp73 expression between PML-RARα positive samples and the remaining samples with gene rearrengements (TAp73: m = 0.391 ± 0.095 vs m = 0.3144 ± 0.0671, p = 0,4990; ΔNp73: m = 2.656 ± 0.37 vs m = 6.153 ± 2.221, p = 0,2205). When compared to AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MHY11, the RN samples had a higher expression level of TAp73 (m = 0.3144 ± 0.0672 vs m = 0.992 ± 0.1717, p = 0.001), while there was no significant difference on the expression levels of ΔNp73 (m = 6.15 ± 2.22 vs m = 12.44 ± 2.43, p = 0.0642). These findings suggest that both p73 isoforms pathways are involved in the leukemogenic process. Moreover, the lower expression of ΔNp73 in the group with gene rearrangements may contribute to its better prognosis. The distinct pattern of ΔNp73 isoforms expression in AML with PML-RARα rearrangements suggests that it may be associated to a distinct response to apoptotic stimuli and to treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Regulation of steroidogenesis in fetal bovine ovaries: differential effects of LH and FSH

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Allen ◽  
S L Herrick ◽  
J E Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Dose Dependent

In cattle, primordial follicles form before birth. Fetal ovarian capacity to produce progesterone and estradiol is high before follicle formation begins and decreases around the time follicles first appear (around 90 days of gestation). However, mechanisms that regulate steroid production during this time remain unclear. We hypothesized that LH stimulates progesterone and androgen production and that FSH stimulates aromatization of androgens to estradiol. To test this, we cultured pieces from fetal bovine ovaries for 10 days without or with exogenous hormones and then measured the accumulation of steroids in the culture medium by RIA. LH (100 ng/mL) alone increased the accumulation of progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and estradiol. FSH (100 ng/mL) alone increased both progesterone and estradiol accumulation, but had no effect on androgens. Exogenous testosterone (0.5 µM) alone greatly increased estradiol accumulation and the combination of testosterone + FSH, but not testosterone + LH, increased estradiol relative to testosterone alone. Interestingly, exogenous testosterone and estradiol decreased progesterone accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Because the highest dose of estradiol (0.5 µM) decreased progesterone accumulation, but increased both pregnenolone and androstenedione in the same cultures, endogenous estradiol may be a paracrine regulator of steroid synthesis. Together, these results confirm our initial hypotheses and indicate that LH stimulates androgen production in fetal bovine ovaries via the Δ5 pathway, whereas FSH stimulates aromatization of androgens to estradiol. These results are consistent with the two-cell, two-gonadotropin model of estradiol production by bovine preovulatory follicles, which suggests that the mechanisms regulating ovarian steroid production are established during fetal life.

Position in the second stage of labour and de novo onset of post-partum urinary incontinence

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Serati ◽  
Maria Carmela Di Dedda ◽  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Paola Sorice ◽  
Antonella Cromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Second Stage Of Labour

835 INTRATUMORAL CONVERSION OF ADRENAL ANDROGENS IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN DE NOVO INTRATUMORAL STEROID SYNTHESIS IN PROSTATE CANCER

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kumagai ◽  
J. Hofland ◽  
S. Erkens-Schulze ◽  
N.F.J. Dits ◽  
G. Jenster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
Steroid Synthesis

scholarly journals Regulation of uterine function during estrous cycle, anestrus phase and pregnancy by steroids in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika M. Kotlarczyk ◽  
Martyna Grzyb ◽  
Anna J. Korzekwa
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Aromatase

AbstractSteroid synthesis and production in ruminant uterus is not obvious, especially in seasonally reproduced. We compared steroid production by investigating enzymes involved in red deer uterine steroid metabolism in reproductive seasons. Blood and uteri (endometrium and myometrium) were collected post mortem from hinds on 4th day (N = 8), 13th day of the cycle (N = 8), anestrus (N = 8) and pregnancy (N = 8). The expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450), 3 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), aldo–keto reductase family 1 C1 (AKR1C1), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and progesterone receptors (PRs), were analyzed using real-time-PCR and Western Blotting. Plasma samples were assayed for 17-beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T4) concentrations by EIA. Hinds at the beginning of the estrous cycle, mainly in endometrium, were characterized by a high mRNA expression of 3β-HSD, AKR1C1, PRs and ERα, contrary to the expression in myometrium during pregnancy (P < 0.05). For P4, E2, and FSH, concentration was the highest during the 13th day of the estrous cycle (P < 0.05). Uterine steroid production and output in hinds as a representative seasonally reproduced ruminant occurred mainly during the estrous cycle and sustained in anestrus.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) effects on pups growth, milk composition and lipogenic enzymes in lactating rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Aparecida Hayashi ◽  
Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros ◽  
Marina Hojaij Carvalho ◽  
Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Biological Properties

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a range of biological properties, including effects on lipid metabolism, milk and body composition in animals. This study investigated the effects of dietary CLA on lactating rats and development of the suckling pups. Dams were fed either a control diet or the same diet supplemented with 25 g/kg of a fat supplement containing 540 g CLA/kg (final concentration of 13·5 g CLA/kg diet) from parturition to the 15th day post-partum. The CLA mixture used in this study contained the following isomers (per 100 g): cis-9, trans-11 (24 g); cis-10, trans-12 (35 g); cis-8, trans-10 (15 g); cis-11, trans-13 (17 g) and others (9 g). On d 15 post partum, CLA supplementation reduced milk fat content by 33% and pup growth by 21%. The milk fatty acid profile, with decreased content of short and medium chain acids, suggests CLA inhibition was more pronounced for de novo lipid synthesis. Consistent with these results, activities of fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were reduced by CLA treatment in the mammary gland and liver. In contrast, the activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase was unchanged.

Pregnancy-Related Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SEROR
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
First Time

Clinical and electrophysiological features were studied in 52 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) associated with 30 pregnancies. The duration of symptoms was less than 3 months before electrodiagnosis was performed. This study revealed a higher incidence of persistent, painful diurnal symptoms in pregnancy-related CTS (PRCTS) than in idiopathic CTS. PRCTS usually occurs for the first time (de novo) (24/30 cases), in primigravidas (15 cases) as well as multigravidas. The onset of symptoms was in the first or second trimester in 11 women, the third trimester in 12 women, or the post-partum period in seven women. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated evidence of an acute median nerve lesion at the wrist with motor and/or sensory conduction blocks in 20/30 women and severe denervation signs in five women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document