scholarly journals The ovarian stroma as a new frontier

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. R25-R39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadrian M Kinnear ◽  
Claire E Tomaszewski ◽  
Faith L Chang ◽  
Molly B Moravek ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Ovarian Stroma ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
New Frontier

Historically, research in ovarian biology has focused on folliculogenesis, but recently the ovarian stroma has become an exciting new frontier for research, holding critical keys to understanding complex ovarian dynamics. Ovarian follicles, which are the functional units of the ovary, comprise the ovarian parenchyma, while the ovarian stroma thus refers to the inverse or the components of the ovary that are not ovarian follicles. The ovarian stroma includes more general components such as immune cells, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, as well as ovary-specific components including ovarian surface epithelium, tunica albuginea, intraovarian rete ovarii, hilar cells, stem cells, and a majority of incompletely characterized stromal cells including the fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped, and interstitial cells. The stroma also includes ovarian extracellular matrix components. This review combines foundational and emerging scholarship regarding the structures and roles of the different components of the ovarian stroma in normal physiology. This is followed by a discussion of key areas for further research regarding the ovarian stroma, including elucidating theca cell origins, understanding stromal cell hormone production and responsiveness, investigating pathological conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), developing artificial ovary technology, and using technological advances to further delineate the multiple stromal cell types.

Sex chimaerism, fertility and sex determination in the mouse

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Patek ◽  
J.B. Kerr ◽  
R.G. Gosden ◽  
K.W. Jones ◽  
K. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coelomic Epithelium

Adult intraspecific mouse chimaeras, derived by introducing male embryonal stem cells into unsexed host blastocysts, were examined to determine whether gonadal sex was correlated with the sex chromosome composition of particular cell lineages. The fertility of XX in equilibrium XY and XY in equilibrium XY male chimaeras was also compared. The distribution of XX and XY cells in 34 XX in equilibrium XY ovaries, testes and ovotestes was determined by in situ hybridisation using a Y-chromosome-specific probe. Both XX and XY cells were found in all gonadal somatic tissues but Sertoli cells were predominantly XY and granulosa cells predominantly XX. The sex chromosome composition of the tunica albuginea and testicular surface epithelium could not, in general, be fully resolved, owing to diminished hybridisation efficiency in these tissues, but the ovarian surface epithelium (which like the testicular surface epithelium derives from the coelomic epithelium) was predominantly XX. These findings show that the claim that Sertoli cells were exclusively XY, on which some previous models of gonadal sex determination were based, was incorrect, and indicate instead that in the mechanism of Sertoli cell determination there is a step in which XX cells can be recruited. However, it remains to be established whether the sex chromosome constitution of the coelomic epithelium lineage plays a causal role in gonadal sex determination. Male chimaeras with XX in equilibrium XY testes were either sterile or less fertile than chimaeras with testes composed entirely of XY cells. This impaired fertility was associated with the loss of XY germ cells in atrophic seminiferous tubules. Since this progressive lesion was correlated with a high proportion of XX Leydig cells, we suggest that XX Leydig cells are functionally defective, and unable to support spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals In vitro follicle culture in the context of IVF

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. F59-F73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria C Herta ◽  
Francesca Lolicato ◽  
Johan E J Smitz
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Realistic Potential ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Primordial Follicle Activation ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

The currently available assisted reproduction techniques for fertility preservation (i.e.in vitromaturation (IVM) andin vitrofertilization) are insufficient as stand-alone procedures as only few reproductive cells can be conserved with these techniques. Oocytes in primordial follicles are well suited to survive the cryopreservation procedure and of use as valuable starting material for fertilization, on the condition that these could be grown up to fully matured oocytes. Our understanding of the biological mechanisms directing primordial follicle activation has increased over the last years and this knowledge has paved the way toward clinical applications. New multistepin vitrosystems are making use of purified precursor cells and extracellular matrix components and by applying bio-printing technologies, an adequate follicular niche can be built. IVM of human oocytes is clinically applied in patients with polycystic ovary/polycystic ovary syndrome; related knowhow could become useful for fertility preservation and for patients with maturation failure and follicle-stimulating hormone resistance. The expectations from the research on human ovarian tissue and immature oocytes cultures, in combination with the improved vitrification methods, are high as these technologies can offer realistic potential for fertility preservation.

Nuclear localization of E-cadherin but not beta-catenin in human ovarian granulosa cell tumours and normal ovarian follicles and ovarian stroma

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Ohishi ◽  
Yoshinao Oda ◽  
Shuichi Kurihara ◽  
Tsunehisa Kaku ◽  
Hiroaki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Ovarian Stroma ◽  
Ovarian Granulosa Cell ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumours ◽  
E Cadherin

scholarly journals Follicle number, not assessments of the ovarian stroma, represents the best ultrasonographic marker of polycystic ovary syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-287.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob P. Christ ◽  
Amy D. Willis ◽  
Eric D. Brooks ◽  
Heidi Vanden Brink ◽  
Brittany Y. Jarrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Stroma

scholarly journals Apoptosis in chicken ovarian follicles following in vitro exposure to TCDD, PCB 126 and PCB 153

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-798
Author(s):  
Piotr A. Antos ◽  
Anna Hrabia ◽  
Anna Gdula ◽  
Andrzej Sechman
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Tunel Method ◽  
Ovarian Stroma ◽  
Pcb 126 ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Vitro Effect

Abstract The study was conducted in order to compare the in vitro effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD), 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) on the number of apoptotic cells and the activity of caspase-3 in chicken ovarian follicles. The ovarian stroma, white (WF) and yellowish (YF) prehierarchical follicles and fragments of the theca and granulosa layers of the 3 largest preovulatory follicles (F3-F1) were in vitro exposed to TCDD (10 nM), PCB 126 (10 nM) and PCB 153 (10 μM) for 24 h. After incubation the number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3 activity were determined by TUNEL method and fluorometric assay, respectively. PCB 126 and PCB 153 increased the number of apoptotic cells in the ovarian stroma while TCDD and PCB 126 elevated it in the WF follicles. Under the control conditions, caspase-3 activity steadily increased along with maturation of the follicles, reaching the highest level in the theca layer of the F1 follicle. The activity of this enzyme in the granulosa layer of F3-F1 follicles was on average 60% lower in comparison to the stroma. Exposure to TCDD elevated caspase-3 activity in prehierarchical follicles and in the granulosa layer of F2 and F1 preovulatory follicles. On the contrary, PCB 126 exerted a suppressive effect on caspase-3 activity in the WF follicles and the granulosa layer of the F2 follicle, and PCB 153 in the theca layer of F2 and F1 and the granulosa layer of the F3 follicle. In conclusion, the results indicate that TCDD and PCBs affect apoptosis in chicken ovarian follicles and in consequence may disrupt follicle development.

scholarly journals MP84-07 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS AND CROSSLINKS OF PORCINE PENILE TUNICA ALBUGINEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. e1267
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bielajew* ◽  
Jordan Modisette ◽  
Rachel Nordberg ◽  
Dyvon Walker ◽  
Jerry Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

scholarly journals Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Induces an Inflammatory Response in Ovarian Stromal Cells and Impairs Gamete Development In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Rowley ◽  
Farners Amargant ◽  
Luhan T. Zhou ◽  
Anna Galligos ◽  
Leah E. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Ovarian Stroma

The ovarian stroma, the microenvironment in which female gametes grow and mature, becomes inflamed and fibrotic with age. Hyaluronan is a major component of the ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM), and in other aging tissues, accumulation of low molecular weight (LMW) hyaluronan fragments can drive inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that LMW hyaluronan fragments contribute to female reproductive aging by stimulating an inflammatory response in the ovarian stroma and impairing gamete quality. To test this hypothesis, isolated mouse ovarian stromal cells or secondary stage ovarian follicles were treated with physiologically relevant (10 or 100 μg/mL) concentrations of 200 kDa LMW hyaluronan. In ovarian stromal cells, acute LMW hyaluronan exposure, at both doses, resulted in the secretion of a predominantly type 2 (Th2) inflammatory cytokine profile as revealed by a cytokine antibody array of conditioned media. Additional qPCR analyses of ovarian stromal cells demonstrated a notable up-regulation of the eotaxin receptor Ccr3 and activation of genes involved in eosinophil recruitment through the IL5-CCR3 signaling pathway. These findings were consistent with an age-dependent increase in ovarian stromal expression of Ccl11, a major CCR3 ligand. When ovarian follicles were cultured in 10 or 100 μg/mL LMW hyaluronan for 12 days, gametes with compromised morphology and impaired meiotic competence were produced. In the 100 μg/mL condition, LMW hyaluronan induced premature meiotic resumption, ultimately leading to in vitro aging of the resulting eggs. Further, follicles cultured in this LMW hyaluronan concentration produced significantly less estradiol, suggesting compromised granulosa cell function. Taken together, these data demonstrate that bioactive LMW hyaluronan fragments may contribute to reproductive aging by driving an inflammatory stromal milieu, potentially through eosinophils, and by directly compromising gamete quality through impaired granulosa cell function.

scholarly journals Effects of Ferula on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghavi Fatemeh ◽  
Somayeh Abdolahian ◽  
Shakeri Fatemeh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract BackgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women. As a result of side effect of pharmaceutical medications women are interested in using alternative medicines to treat. To determine the comparative effects of Ferula assa-foetida on androgenic hormone levels and ovarian features in patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). MethodsIn this triple-blinded controlled clinical trial, 34 student participants were randomly divided in two groups. Intervention group received 100 mg of oleo-gum resin of Ferula assa- foetida, control group received oral paraffin (Placebo) twice daily for 3 months. The efficacy of this herbal medicines was measured after the 3-month intervention. Hormonal assay for evaluating Testosterone, DEHAS, Prolactin, TSH, FSH, LH levels and also trans abdominal ultrasound for evaluating ovarian volumes, number of follicles of both ovaries, and endometrial thickness. Were measured before and after the study. ResultsIn this study, significant changes in DEHAS and TSH level were observed (p value<0.03). The greatest reduction in the number of ovarian follicles was reported in the Ferula group (p value <0.00). ConclusionUse of Ferula assa-foetida can be effected in decrease of DHEAS, TSH levels, and ovarian follicles number in young girls with PCOS.Trial registrationthe Iranian Randomized Clinical Trial (IRCT2016040427207N1).url: https://www.irct.ir/trial/22343

A new ultrasound criterion for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: the ovarian stroma/total area ratio

2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Fulghesu ◽  
Mario Ciampelli ◽  
Chiara Belosi ◽  
Rosanna Apa ◽  
Virginia Pavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Stroma
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