scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species are involved in the signaling of equine sperm chemotaxis

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelen Moreno-Irusta ◽  
Esteban M Dominguez ◽  
Clara I Marín-Briggiler ◽  
Arturo Matamoros-Volante ◽  
Ornella Lucchesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Sperm Chemotaxis ◽  
Pka Pathway

Sperm chemotaxis may facilitate the finding of the oocyte. Only capacitated spermatozoa can orient their movement by chemotaxis, which as well as capacitation, is regulated in part by the cAMP-PKA pathway. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during sperm capacitation which is closely related to chemotaxis. Then, the ROS participation in the chemotactic signaling can be expected. Here we studied the role of ROS in the chemotaxis signaling of equine spermatozoa which produce high quantities of ROS because of their energy metabolism. The level of capacitated and chemotactic spermatozoa was increased with 0.1 and 0.2 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was involved in the chemotactic signaling. By combining a concentration gradient of H2O2 with inhibitors/chelators of some of the signaling pathway elements, we showed that the activation of NOX (membrane NADPH oxidase) increases the intracellular ROS which activate the chemotaxis AMPc-PKA pathway. Our results provide evidence about the participation of ROS in the chemotactic signaling mediated by progesterone (P).

scholarly journals Role of Natural Antioxidants on Neuroprotection and Neuroinflammation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Domenico Nuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species

All cells continuously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the respiratory chain during the energy metabolism process [...]

scholarly journals Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Atherosclerosis via Chinese Herbal Medicines

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Leyi Zhang ◽  
Jiaqin Huang ◽  
Danli Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Lei ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Intracellular Ros

Cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) has become the leading cause of human mortality with the coming acceleration of global population aging. Atherosclerosis is among the most common pathological changes in CCVDs. It is also a multifactorial disorder; oxidative stress caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has become an important mechanism of atherosclerosis. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a major type of natural medicine that has made great contributions to human health. CHMs are increasingly used in the auxiliary clinical treatment of atherosclerosis. Although their mechanism of action is unclear, CHMs can exert a variety of antiatherosclerosis effects by regulating intracellular ROS. In this review, we discussed the mechanism of ROS regulation in atherosclerosis and analyzed the role of CHMs in the treatment of atherosclerosis via ROS.

Role of reactive oxygen species-generating enzymes and hydrogen peroxide during cadmium, mercury and osmotic stresses in barley root tip

Planta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tamás ◽  
Igor Mistrík ◽  
Jana Huttová ◽  
L’ubica Halušková ◽  
Katarína Valentovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Barley Root Tip

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species and oocyte aging: Role of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha P. Goud ◽  
Pravin T. Goud ◽  
Michael P. Diamond ◽  
Bernard Gonik ◽  
Husam M. Abu-Soud
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oocyte Aging

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: A Promising Therapeutic Target for SDHx-Mutated Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Katerina Hadrava Hadrava Vanova ◽  
Chunzhang Yang ◽  
Leah Meuter ◽  
Jiri Neuzil ◽  
Karel Pacak
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Intracellular Ros

Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from neural crest cells. Germline variants in approximately 20 PHEO/PGL susceptibility genes are found in about 40% of patients, half of which are found in the genes that encode succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Patients with SDH subunit B (SDHB)-mutated PHEO/PGL exhibit a higher likelihood of developing metastatic disease, which can be partially explained by the metabolic cell reprogramming and redox imbalance caused by the mutation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules involved in a multitude of important signaling pathways. A moderate level of ROS production can help regulate cellular physiology; however, an excessive level of oxidative stress can lead to tumorigenic processes including stimulation of growth factor-dependent pathways and the induction of genetic instability. Tumor cells effectively exploit antioxidant enzymes in order to protect themselves against harmful intracellular ROS accumulation, which highlights the essential balance between ROS production and scavenging. Exploiting ROS accumulation can be used as a possible therapeutic strategy in ROS-scavenging tumor cells. Here, we focus on the role of ROS production in PHEO and PGL, predominantly in SDHB-mutated cases. We discuss potential strategies and approaches to anticancer therapies by enhancing ROS production in these difficult-to-treat tumors.

scholarly journals NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species in mature follicles are essential for Drosophila ovulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (30) ◽  
pp. 7765-7770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Jessica F. Young ◽  
Jianjun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Follicle Rupture

Ovarian reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to regulate ovulation in mammals, but the details of ROS production in follicles and the role of ROS in ovulation in other species remain underexplored. In Drosophila ovulation, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is required for follicle rupture by degradation of posterior follicle cells surrounding a mature oocyte. We recently demonstrated that MMP2 activation and follicle rupture are regulated by the neuronal hormone octopamine (OA) and the octopamine receptor in mushroom body (OAMB). In the current study, we investigated the role of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) in Drosophila ovulation. We report that Nox is highly enriched in mature follicle cells and that Nox knockdown in these cells leads to a reduction in superoxide and to defective ovulation. Similar to MMP2 activation, NOX enzymatic activity is also controlled by the OA/OAMB-Ca2+ signaling pathway. In addition, we report that extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is required to convert superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which acts as the key signaling molecule for follicle rupture, independent of MMP2 activation. Given that Nox homologs are expressed in mammalian follicles, the NOX-dependent hydrogen peroxide signaling pathway that we describe could play a conserved role in regulating ovulation in other species.

scholarly journals Role of Melanin in Melanocyte Dysregulation of Reactive Oxygen Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah C. Jenkins ◽  
Douglas Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Oxidative Insult ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

We have recently reported a potential alternative tumor suppressor function for p16 relating to its capacity to regulate oxidative stress and observed that oxidative dysregulation in p16-depleted cells was most profound in melanocytes, compared to keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Moreover, in the absence of p16 depletion or exogenous oxidative insult, melanocytes exhibited significantly higher basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than these other epidermal cell types. Given the role of oxidative stress in melanoma development, we speculated that this increased susceptibility of melanocytes to oxidative stress (and greater reliance on p16 for suppression of ROS) may explain why genetic compromise of p16 is more commonly associated with predisposition to melanoma rather than other cancers. Here we show that the presence of melanin accounts for this differential oxidative stress in normal and p16-depleted melanocytes. Thus the presence of melanin in the skin appears to be a double-edged sword: it protects melanocytes as well as neighboring keratinocytes in the skin through its capacity to absorb UV radiation, but its synthesis in melanocytes results in higher levels of intracellular ROS that may increase melanoma susceptibility.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Antenna Size Regulation as an Essential Mechanism of Higher Plants Acclimation to Biotic and Abiotic Factors: The Role of the Chloroplast Plastoquinone Pool and Hydrogen Peroxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Borisova-Mubarakshina ◽  
Ilya A. Naydov ◽  
Daria V. Vetoshkina ◽  
Marina A. Kozuleva ◽  
Daria V. Vilyanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Antenna Size ◽  
Plastoquinone Pool ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

The present chapter describes the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation in photosynthetic reactions and the functional significance of reactive oxygen species as signal messengers in photosynthetic cells of plants. Attention is given to the acclimation mechanisms of higher plants to abiotic and biotic factors such as increased light, drought, soil salinity and colonization of plants by rhizosphere microorganisms. Special attention is paid to the reactions of reactive oxygen species with the components of the chloroplasts plastoquinone pool leading to production of hydrogen peroxide as a signal molecule, which is involved in acclimation of plants to these stress conditions. The chapter also presents the data demonstrating that regulation of the size of the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II is one of the universal mechanisms of the structural and functional reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants exposed to the abiotic and biotic factors. These data were obtained for both model Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants as well as for agricultural barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants. It is hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide, produced with involvement of the plastoquinone pool components, plays the role of a signaling molecule for regulation of the photosystem II antenna size in higher plants when environmental conditions change.

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