scholarly journals DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome

Reproduction ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. R27-R40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez ◽  
Yadira Inés Gómez-Viais ◽  
Elizabeth García-Gómez ◽  
Christian Reyes-Mayoral ◽  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading endocrine and metabolic disorder in premenopausal women characterized by hyperandrogenism and abnormal development of ovarian follicles. To date, the PCOS etiology remains unclear and has been related to insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and infertility, among other morbidities. Substantial evidence illustrates the impact of genetic, intrauterine and environmental factors on the PCOS etiology. Lately, epigenetic factors have garnered considerable attention in the pathogenesis of PCOS considering that changes in the content of DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNAs have been reported in various tissues of women with this disease. DNA methylation is changed in the peripheral and umbilical cord blood, as well as in ovarian and adipose tissue of women with PCOS, suggesting the involvement of this epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of the disease. Perhaps, these defects in DNA methylation promote the deregulation of genes involved in inflammation, hormone synthesis and signaling and glucose and lipid metabolism. Research on the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of PCOS is just beginning, and several issues await investigation. This review aims to provide an overview of current research focused on DNA methylation and PCOS, as well as discuss the perspectives regarding this topic.

The Impact of Obesity on Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1612-P
Author(s):  
NADIRA SULTANA KAKOLY ◽  
ARUL EARNEST ◽  
HELENA TEEDE ◽  
LISA MORAN ◽  
DEBORAH LOXTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Insulin Therapy in Pregnancy Hypertensive Diseases and its Effect on the Offspring and Mother Later in Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Mate ◽  
Antonio J. Blanca ◽  
Rocío Salsoso ◽  
Fernando Toledo ◽  
Pablo Stiefel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy hypertensive disorders such as Preeclampsia (PE) are strongly correlated with insulin resistance, a condition in which the metabolic handling of D-glucose is deficient. In addition, the impact of preeclampsia is enhanced by other insulin-resistant disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. For this reason, there is a clear association between maternal insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and the development of PE. However, whether PE is a consequence or the cause of these disorders is still unclear. Insulin therapy is usually recommended to pregnant women with diabetes mellitus when dietary and lifestyle measures have failed. The advantage of insulin therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) patients with hypertension is still controversial; surprisingly, there are no studies in which insulin therapy has been used in patients with hypertension in pregnancy without or with an established GDM. This review is focused on the use of insulin therapy in hypertensive disorders in the pregnancy and its effect on offspring and mother later in life. PubMed and relevant medical databases have been screened for literature covering research in the field especially in the last 5-10 years.

scholarly journals Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

JGH Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-445
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shengir ◽  
Tianyan Chen ◽  
Elena Guadagno ◽  
Agnihotram V Ramanakumar ◽  
Peter Ghali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Impact of rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene on susceptibility of polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sairish Ashraf ◽  
Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool ◽  
Mudasar Nabi ◽  
Mohd Ashraf Ganie ◽  
Shariq R. Masoodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Genotypic Frequency ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cyp19 Gene ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder in pre-menopausal women having complex pathophysiology. Several candidate genes have been shown to have association with PCOS. CYP19 gene encodes a key steroidogenic enzyme involved in conversion of androgens into estrogens. Previous studies have reported contradictory results with regard to association of SNP rs2414096 in CYP19 gene with PCOS and hyperandrogenism in different ethnic populations. Present study was aimed to investigate the impact of SNP rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene on susceptibility of PCOS and hyperandrogenism in Kashmiri women. Further we also studied the genotypic-phenotypic association for various clinical and biochemical parameters of this polymorphism. Case control study. 394 PCOS cases diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam criteria and age matched 306 healthy women. We found a significant differences in genotypic frequency (χ2 = 18.91, p < 0.05) as well as allele frequency (OR 0.63, CI 0.51–0.78, χ2 = 17.66, p < 0.05) between PCOS women and controls. The genotype–phenotype correlation analysis showed a significant difference in FG score (p = 0.047) and alopecia (p = 0.045) between the three genotypes. Also, the androgen excess markers like DHEAS (p < 0.001), Androstenedione (p < 0.001), Testosterone (p < 0.001) and FAI (p = 0.005) were significantly elevated in GG genotype and showed a significant difference in additive model in PCOS women. rs2414096 polymorphism of CYP19 gene is associated with the risk of PCOS as well as with clinical and biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism, hence suggesting its role in clinical manifestations of PCOS in Kashmiri women.

Trabecular Bone is Increased in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lady Katerine Serrano Mujica ◽  
Werner Giehl Glanzner ◽  
Amanda Luiza Prante ◽  
Vitor Braga Rissi ◽  
Gabrielle Rebeca Everling Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in an intricate disorder characterized by reproductive and metabolic abnormalities that may affect bone quality and strength along with the lifespan. The present study analysed the impact of postnatal androgenization (of a single dose of testosterone propionate 1.25 mg subcutaneously at day 5 of life) on bone development and markers of bone metabolism in adult female Wistar rats. Compared with healthy controls, the results of measurements of micro-computed tomography (microCT) of the distal femur of androgenized rats indicated an increased cortical bone volume voxel bone volume to total volume (VOX BV/TV) and higher trabecular number (Tb.n) with reduced trabecular separation (Tb.sp). A large magnitude effect size was observed in the levels of circulating bone formation Procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) at day 60 of life; reabsorption cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) markers were similar between the androgenized and control rats at days 60 and 110 of life. The analysis of gene expression in bone indicated elements for an increased bone mass such as the reduction of the Dickkopf-1 factor (Dkk1) a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation (bone formation) and the reduction of Interleukin 1-b (Il1b), an activator of osteoclast differentiation (bone reabsorption). Results from this study highlight the possible role of the developmental programming on bone microarchitecture with reference to young women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Family-Based Quantitative Trait Meta-Analysis Implicates Rare Noncoding Variants in DENND1A in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3835-3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dapas ◽  
Ryan Sisk ◽  
Richard S Legro ◽  
Margrit Urbanek ◽  
Andrea Dunaif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

AbstractContextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common endocrine disorders of premenopausal women, affecting 5% to15% of this population depending on the diagnostic criteria applied. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS is highly heritable, but only a small proportion of this heritability can be accounted for by the common genetic susceptibility variants identified to date.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test whether rare genetic variants contribute to PCOS pathogenesis.Design, Patients, and MethodsWe performed whole-genome sequencing on DNA from 261 individuals from 62 families with one or more daughters with PCOS. We tested for associations of rare variants with PCOS and its concomitant hormonal traits using a quantitative trait meta-analysis.ResultsWe found rare variants in DENND1A (P = 5.31 × 10−5, adjusted P = 0.039) that were significantly associated with reproductive and metabolic traits in PCOS families.ConclusionsCommon variants in DENND1A have previously been associated with PCOS diagnosis in genome-wide association studies. Subsequent studies indicated that DENND1A is an important regulator of human ovarian androgen biosynthesis. Our findings provide additional evidence that DENND1A plays a central role in PCOS and suggest that rare noncoding variants contribute to disease pathogenesis.

The Impact of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 382-390
Author(s):  
Yuling Xing ◽  
Jinhu Chen ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Huijuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been shown in many studies. These findings are still controversial, however. It is unclear whether the co-incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome will affect the severity of metabolism. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the association. A comprehensive search strategy was developed to obtain all relevant studies published in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database (CNKI) up to 31 December 2020. We adopted the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for evaluation, and sensitivity analysis was performed. Publication bias was analyzed and represented by a funnel plot, and funnel plot symmetry was assessed with Egger’s test. Twenty-seven studies with 4821 participants (1300 PCOS patients with SCH, 3521 PCOS patients without SCH) were included in the present meta-analysis,among which 71.31% chinese patients out of the total. The results showed that PCOS patients with SCH had higher levels of HOMA-IR, TG, TC, LDL, FBG, FCP, PRL and lower levels of HDL, LH and T. It also recognized the limitation of the lack of a consistent definition of hypothyroidism in the 27 studies included. The results of this study indicated that SCH may aggravate lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with PCOS.

scholarly journals Obesity and Insulin Resistance Are the Main Determinants of Postprandial Lipoprotein Dysmetabolism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Kyaw Tun ◽  
Anne McGowan ◽  
Niamh Phelan ◽  
Neuman Correia ◽  
Gerard Boran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Mixed Meal

Postprandial dyslipidaemia may be a plausible mechanism by which polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases cardiovascular risk. We sought to investigate whether the postprandial glucose and insulin and lipid and lipoprotein responses, including that of apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) containing chylomicrons, to a mixed meal are different in obese PCOS women when compared to obese control subjects and whether differences, if any, are related to obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenaemia, or PCOS status. 26 women with PCOS (age30.4±1.2years (mean ± SEM), body mass index (BMI)36.8±1.5 kg/m2) and 26 non-PCOS subjects (age34.1±0.9years, BMI31.5±1.0 kg/m2) were studied before and up to 8 hours following a standard mixed meal. AUC-triglyceride (AUC-TG) was higher and AUC-high-density lipoprotein (AUC-HDL) lower in PCOS women. These differences were not apparent when BMI was accounted for. Insulin sensitivity (SI), AUC-apoB-48, and AUC-apolipoprotein B (AUC-apoB) were found to be independent predictors of AUC-TG, accounting for 55% of the variance. Only AUC-insulin remained significantly elevated following adjustment for BMI. Obesity related IR explains postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemic responses. Management of obesity in premenopausal women with PCOS is likely to reduce their cardiovascular risk burden.

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