scholarly journals Chromatin remodeling in mammalian embryos

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. R147-R158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Cabot ◽  
Ryan A Cabot
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Epigenetic Remodeling ◽  
Histone Methylation And Acetylation

The mammalian embryo undergoes a dramatic amount of epigenetic remodeling during the first week of development. In this review, we discuss several epigenetic changes that happen over the course of cleavage development, focusing on covalent marks (e.g., histone methylation and acetylation) and non-covalent remodeling (chromatin remodeling via remodeling complexes; e.g., SWI/SNF-mediated chromatin remodeling). Comparisons are also drawn between remodeling events that occur in embryos from a variety of mammalian species.

scholarly journals Sodium Valproate-Induced Chromatin Remodeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza S. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Ftir Microspectroscopy ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Main Effects

Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA), a drug originally prescribed as an anticonvulsant, has been widely reported to act on epigenetic marks by inducing histone acetylation, affecting the DNA and histone methylation status, and altering the expression of transcription factors, thus leading to modulation of gene expression. All these epigenetic changes have been associated with chromatin remodeling effects. The present minireview briefly reports the main effects of VPA on chromatin and image analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy in association with molecular biology methodological approaches to investigate the VPA-induced changes in chromatin structure and at the higher-order supraorganizational level.

scholarly journals A review of epigenetic changes in asthma: methylation and acetylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Sheikhpour ◽  
Mobina Maleki ◽  
Maryam Ebrahimi Vargoorani ◽  
Vahid Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
External Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Histone Methylation And Acetylation

AbstractSeveral studies show that childhood and adulthood asthma and its symptoms can be modulated through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes are inheritable modifications that can modify the gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. The most common epigenetic alternations consist of DNA methylation and histone modifications. How these changes lead to asthmatic phenotype or promote the asthma features, in particular by immune pathways regulation, is an understudied topic. Since external effects, like exposure to tobacco smoke, air pollution, and drugs, influence both asthma development and the epigenome, elucidating the role of epigenetic changes in asthma is of great importance. This review presents available evidence on the epigenetic process that drives asthma genes and pathways, with a particular focus on DNA methylation, histone methylation, and acetylation. We gathered and assessed studies conducted in this field over the past two decades. Our study examined asthma in different aspects and also shed light on the limitations and the important factors involved in the outcomes of the studies. To date, most of the studies in this area have been carried out on DNA methylation. Therefore, the need for diagnostic and therapeutic applications through this molecular process calls for more research on the histone modifications in this disease.

scholarly journals Simplified pipelines for genetic engineering of mammalian embryos by CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqiang Miao ◽  
Mariana Ianello Giassetti ◽  
Michela Ciccarelli ◽  
Blanca Lopez-Biladeau ◽  
Jon M Oatley
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Transfer Method

Abstract Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have important applications in mammalian embryos for generating novel animal models in biomedical research and lines of livestock with enhanced production traits. However, the lack of methods for efficient introduction of gene editing reagents into zygotes of various species and the need for surgical embryo transfer in mice have been technical barriers of widespread use. Here, we described methodologies that overcome these limitations for embryos of mice, cattle, and pigs. Using mutation of the Nanos2 gene as a readout, we refined electroporation parameters with preassembled sgRNA-Cas9 RNPs for zygotes of all three species without the need for zona pellucida dissolution that led to high-efficiency INDEL edits. In addition, we optimized culture conditions to support maturation from zygote to the multicellular stage for all three species that generates embryos ready for transfer to produce gene-edited animals. Moreover, for mice, we devised a nonsurgical embryo transfer method that yields offspring at an efficiency comparable to conventional surgical approaches. Collectively, outcomes of these studies provide simplified pipelines for CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing that are applicable in a variety of mammalian species.

DNMT3B interacts with hSNF2H chromatin remodeling enzyme, HDACs 1 and 2, and components of the histone methylation system

2004 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa M. Geiman ◽  
Umesh T. Sankpal ◽  
Andrea K. Robertson ◽  
Yingxin Zhao ◽  
Yingming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Histone Methylation

68 GENE EXPRESSION COMPARISONS BETWEEN BOVINE IN VIVO AND CLONED EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY THREE DIFFERENT METHODS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
N. Ruddock ◽  
K. Wilson ◽  
M. Cooney ◽  
R. Tecirlioglu ◽  
V. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Mammalian Embryo

Developmental pathways in the mammalian embryo are profoundly influenced by the epigenetic interaction of the environment and the genome. Loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in aberrant gene expression and altered imprinting patterns with consequence to the physiology and viability of the conceptus. Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is contingent on in vitro culture, and both SCNT and culture conditions are known to induce changes in embryonic gene expression patterns. Using these experimental models, this study compared gene expression of Day 7 cloned blastocysts created from three different SCNT protocols using the same cell line, with Day 7 in vivo blastocysts to elucidate mechanisms responsible for variations in phenotypic outcomes. SCNT methods included: (1) traditional SCNT by subzonal injection (SI); (2) handmade cloning (HMC); and (3) modified serial nuclear transfer (SNT), developed within the group. Four imprinted genes (Grb10, Ndn, Nnat, and Ube3a), four chromatin remodeling genes (Cbx1, Cbx3, Smarca4, and Smarcb1) and two genes implicated in polycystic liver disease (Prkcsh and Sec63) were analyzed in single blastocysts from each treatment (n = 5). All blastocysts expressed Actin, Oct-4 and Ifn-tau. All genes were sequence verified. Several genes were expressed ubiquitously across all groups, including Ndn, Ube3a, Cbx1, Cbx3, and Smarcb1. Interestingly, Grb10 was not expressed in two HMCs and one SNT blastocyst. Nnat was weakly expressed in one in vivo blastocyst and in the majority of cloned blastocysts in all groups. Prkcsh and Sec63 were expressed in all but one HMC blastocyst. While gene expression patterns were mostly maintained following SCNT, the imprinted genes Nnat and Grb10 showed instances of differential or abnormal expression in SCNT embryos. The chromatin remodeling genes were maintained in all SCNT treatments. Prkcsh and Sec63 were both absent in one HMC blastocyst, with implications for liver dysfunction, a condition previously reported in abnormal cloned offspring. The variable mRNA expression following SCNT provides an insight into genetic and environmental factors controlling implantation, placentation, organ formation, and fetal growth.

scholarly journals LSD1, a double-edged sword, confers dynamic chromatin regulation but commonly promotes aberrant cell growth

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan M Kozub ◽  
Ryan M Carr ◽  
Gwen L Lomberk ◽  
Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Histone Demethylase ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Lysine Specific Demethylase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Histone Modifying Enzymes

Histone-modifying enzymes play a critical role in chromatin remodeling and are essential for influencing several genome processes such as gene expression and DNA repair, replication, and recombination. The discovery of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, dramatically revolutionized research in the field of epigenetics. LSD1 plays a pivotal role in a wide range of biological operations, including development, cellular differentiation, embryonic pluripotency, and disease (for example, cancer). This mini-review focuses on the role of LSD1 in chromatin regulatory complexes, its involvement in epigenetic changes throughout development, and its importance in physiological and pathological processes.

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