scholarly journals A low-fat diet enriched in fish oil increased lipogenesis and fetal outcome of C57BL/6 mice

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunji A Akerele ◽  
Sukhinder K Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

There is clear evidence that nutritional strategy employed during pregnancy has profound influence on the offspring health outcomes. However, the effect of the quality and the quantity of maternal fat intake on maternal metabolic profile during different stages of pregnancy and its impact on pregnancy sustainability is not known. Female C57BL/6 mice (7 weeks old) were fed diets varying in the quantity of fat (5% vs 11%) for two weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. The 5% fat diet was enriched with longer chain omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oil. Maternal plasma and tissues were collected before mating and during pregnancy at days 6.5, 12.5 and 18.5. Plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, progesterone and estradiol levels were measured. Cholesterol efflux capacity of maternal plasma as well as the mRNA expression of placental steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and hepatic lipogenic genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1) was determined. Feto-placental weight and fetuses sustained throughout gestation were recorded. A low-fat maternal diet enriched with n-3 PUFA increased maternal plasma triacylglycerol and the mRNA expression of rate-limiting lipogenic enzymes, along with increasing cholesterol efflux capacity (P < 0.05), likely to meet fetal lipid demand during pregnancy. Furthermore, diet enriched with longer chain n-3 PUFA increased the maternal plasma concentration of progesterone and estradiol during pregnancy (P < 0.05), which coincides with an increase in the number of fetuses sustained till day 18.5. These novel findings may be important when designing dietary strategies to optimize reproductive capability and pregnancy outcomes.

Fatty Acid Synthesis by Rat Liver after Chronic Ethanol Feeding with a Low-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Simpson ◽  
S. Venkatesan ◽  
T. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Fat Diet

1. Chronic alcohol feeding with a low-fat diet (4.4% total calories) produced a two- to three-fold increase in hepatic triacylglycerol and esterified cholesterol compared with pair-fed low-fat diet controls. Plasma lipids were similar in both groups. 2. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis rates measured in vivo with 3H2O were significantly lower in the alcohol-fed animals than in controls. Activities of hepatic fatty acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.85) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) were reduced in the alcohol-fed rats. 3. These results indicate that enhanced hepatic fatty acid synthesis does not occur in rats fed alcohol and a low-fat diet for 4 weeks, and is thus not implicated in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced fatty liver.

scholarly journals Hyperlipidaemic effect of fish oil in Bio F1B hamsters

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pujitha P. de Silva ◽  
Phillip J. Davis ◽  
Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Safflower Seed ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Fish Oil Diet

We investigated the dietary influence of low and high levels of fish oil, supplemented with or without dietary cholesterol, on the plasma lipoprotein profile in Bio F1B hamsters, a model susceptible to diet-induced hyperlipidaemia. The MIX diet, a diet supplemented with a mixture of lard and safflower-seed oil, was used as the control diet to maintain the saturated MUFA and PUFA levels similar to the fish-oil diet. The animals were fed the specific diets for 2 weeks and fasted for 14h before killing. The plasma from the animals fed high levels of fish oil was milky and rich in chylomicron-like particles. The plasma total cholesterol, VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol and -triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly higher, whereas HDL-cholesterol was lower in hamsters fed fish oil compared with the MIX-diet-fed hamsters. Increasing the amount of fat in the diet increased plasma lipids in both the fish-oil- and the MIX-diet-fed hamsters; however, this hyperlipidaemic effect of dietary fat level was greater in the hamsters fed the fish-oil diet. The hepatic lipid concentrations were not dramatically different between the fish-oil-fed and the MIX-diet-fed hamsters. However, the hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA levels were significantly low in the fish-oil-fed hamsters compared with the MIX-diet-fed hamsters. Increasing the amount of fish oil in the diet further decreased the hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA expression. It is concluded that F1B hamsters are susceptible to fish-oil-induced hyperlipidaemia, especially at high fat levels, and this increase is partially explained by the inhibition of hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA expression.

scholarly journals High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Adorni ◽  
Nicoletta Ronda ◽  
Franco Bernini ◽  
Francesca Zimetti
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Correction to: Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and peripheral artery disease in coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. Yubero-Serrano ◽  
Juan F. Alcalá-Diaz ◽  
Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal ◽  
Antonio P. Arenas-de Larriva ◽  
Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Artery Disease

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Improvements in cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL and adiponectin contribute to mitigation in cardiovascular disease risk after bariatric surgery in a cohort with morbid obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himani Thakkar ◽  
Vinnyfred Vincent ◽  
Sakshi Sukhla ◽  
Manraj Sra ◽  
Uma Kanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery can alleviate cardiovascular risk via effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Our study aimed to assess the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL as a negative risk factor for CVD in individuals with obesity and identify the factors associated with improvement in CEC 3 months following bariatric surgery. Methods We recruited 40 control individuals (mean BMI of 22.2 kg/m2) and 56 obese individuals (mean BMI of 45.9 kg/m2). The biochemical parameters, inflammatory status and CEC of HDL was measured for the obese individuals before bariatric surgery and at 3 months after surgery. The CEC was measured using a cell-based cholesterol efflux system of BODIPY-cholesterol-labelled THP-1 macrophages. Results A significant reduction in BMI (− 17%, p < 0.001), resolution of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IR = − 23.4%, p = 0.002; Adipo IR = − 16%, p = 0.009) and inflammation [log resistin = − 6%, p = 0.07] were observed 3 months post-surgery. CEC significantly improved 3 months after surgery [Pre: 0.91 ± 0.13; Post: 1.02 ± 0.16; p = 0.001] despite a decrease in HDL-C levels. The change in CEC correlated with the change in apo A-I (r = 0.39, p = 0.02) and adiponectin levels (r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Conclusion The results suggest that improvements in CEC, through improvement in adipose tissue health in terms of adipokine secretion and insulin sensitivity could be an important pathway in modulating obesity-related CVD risk.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Associates with the Ankle-Brachial Index but Not All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Robert K. Clemens ◽  
Monika Hunjadi ◽  
Andreas Ritsch ◽  
Lucia Rohrer ◽  
Thomas O. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Cholesterol efflux is an important mechanism by which high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against cardiovascular disease. As peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with high mortality rates, mainly due to cardiovascular causes, we investigated whether cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-depleted plasma, a widely used surrogate of HDL function, may serve as a predictive marker for mortality in this patient population. Methods: In this prospective single-center study (median follow-up time: 9.3 years), apoB-containing lipoproteins were precipitated from plasma of 95 patients with PAD and incubated with J744-macrophages, which were loaded with radiolabeled cholesterol. CEC was defined as the fractional radiolabel released during 4 h of incubation. Results: Baseline CEC was lower in PAD patients that currently smoked (p = 0.015) and had a history of myocardial infarction (p = 0.011). Moreover, CEC showed a significant correlation with HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.003) and apolipoprotein A-I levels (p = 0.001) as well as the ankle-brachial index (ABI, p = 0.018). However, CEC did not differ between survivors and non-survivors. Neither revealed Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses any significant association of CEC with all-cause mortality rates. Conclusion: Taken together, CEC is associated with ABI but does not predict all-cause mortality in patients with PAD.

scholarly journals Antibodies Against the C-Terminus of ApoA-1 Are Inversely Associated with Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and HDL Metabolism in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Dullaart ◽  
Sabrina Pagano ◽  
Frank Perton ◽  
Nicolas Vuilleumier
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
C Terminus

Background: We determined relationships of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), plasma cholesterol esterification (EST) and cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) with anti-c-terminus apoA-1 (Ac-terAA1) and anti-apolipoprotein (apo)-1 (AAA1) autoantibodies in subjects with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: In 75 T2D subjects and 75 nondiabetic subjects, Ac-terAA1 and AAA1 plasma levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CEC was measured as [3H]-cholesterol efflux from human cultured fibroblasts to diluted individual subject plasma. Plasma EST and CET were assayed by isotope methods. Results: Ac-terAA1 and AAA1 levels and were similar between T2D and control subjects. Univariate regression analysis (n = 150) demonstrated that Ac-terAA1 levels were inversely correlated with CEC, EST, CET, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B, (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), but not with glucose and HbA1c. In separate multivariable linear regression models, CEC, EST and CET were inversely associated with Ac-terAA1 levels independently of age, sex, T2D and drug use (β = −0.186, p = 0.026; β = −0.261, p < 0.001; and β = −0.321, p < 0.001; respectively). These associations were lost after additional adjustment for non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. No associations were observed for AAA1. Conclusions: CEC, plasma EST and CET are inversely associated with Ac-terAA1 autoantibodies, conceivably attributable to an inverse relationship of these autoantibodies with apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.

scholarly journals P533The functional relevance of HDL structure and composition in the improvement of cholesterol efflux capacity after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S130-S131
Author(s):  
A Jomard ◽  
P Doytcheva ◽  
J Deuel ◽  
T Luscher ◽  
C Wolfrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Functional Relevance
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