NLRP2 and FAF1 deficiency blocks early embryogenesis in the mouse

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Peng ◽  
Haijun Liu ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yuyun Gao ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Binding Partner ◽  
Maternal Effect Gene ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Arrest ◽  
Effect Gene

Nlrp2 is a maternal effect gene specifically expressed by mouse ovaries; deletion of this gene from zygotes is known to result in early embryonic arrest. In the present study, we identified FAF1 protein as a specific binding partner of the NLRP2 protein in both mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. In addition to early embryos, both Faf1 mRNA and protein were detected in multiple tissues. NLRP2 and FAF1 proteins were co-localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus during the development of oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the specific interaction between NLRP2 and FAF1 proteins. Knockdown of the Nlrp2 or Faf1 gene in zygotes interfered with the formation of a NLRP2–FAF1 complex and led to developmental arrest during early embryogenesis. We therefore conclude that NLRP2 interacts with FAF1 under normal physiological conditions and that this interaction is probably essential for the successful development of cleavage-stage mouse embryos. Our data therefore indicated a potential role for NLRP2 in regulating early embryo development in the mouse.

Homeostatic balance between dorsal and cactus proteins in the Drosophila embryo

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Govind ◽  
L. Brennan ◽  
R. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Type Embryo ◽  
Cleavage Stage ◽  
Dorsoventral Axis ◽  
Maternal Effect Gene ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Effect Gene

The maternal-effect gene dorsal encodes the ventral morphogen that is essential for elaboration of ventral and ventrolateral fates in the Drosophila embryo. Dorsal belongs to the rel family of transcription factors and controls asymmetric expression of zygotic genes along the dorsoventral axis. The dorsal protein is cytoplasmic in early embryos, possibly because of a direct interaction with cactus. In response to a ventral signal, dorsal protein becomes partitioned into nuclei of cleavage-stage syncytial blastoderms such that the ventral nuclei have the maximum amount of dorsal protein, and the lateral and dorsal nuclei have progressively less protein. Here we show that transgenic flies containing the dorsal cDNA, which is driven by the constitutively active hsp83 promoter, exhibits rescue of the dorsal- phenotype. Transformed lines were used to increase the level of dorsal protein. Females with dorsal levels roughly twice that of wild-type produced normal embryos, while a higher level of dorsal protein resulted in phenotypes similar to those observed for loss-of-function cactus mutations. By manipulating the cactus gene dose, we found that in contrast to a dorsal/cactus ratio of 2.5 which resulted in fully penetrant weak ventralization, a cactus/dorsal ratio of 3.0 was acceptable by the system. By manipulating dorsal levels in different cactus and dorsal group mutant backgrounds, we found that the relative amounts of ventral signal to that of the dorsal-cactus complex is important for the elaboration of the normal dorsoventral pattern. We propose that in a wild-type embryo, the activities of dorsal and cactus are not independently regulated; excess cactus activity is deployed only if a higher level of dorsal protein is available. Based on these results we discuss how the ventral signal interacts with the dorsal-cactus complex, thus forming a gradient of nuclear dorsal protein.

The casein kinase 1 alpha gene of Drosophila melanogaster is developmentally regulated and the kinase activity of the protein induced by DNA damage

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1847-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Santos ◽  
E. Logarinho ◽  
C. Tapia ◽  
C.C. Allende ◽  
J.E. Allende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Casein Kinase 1 ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Early Embryos

We report the molecular cloning and characterisation of the first CK1(casein kinase) gene of Drosophila melanogaster (dmCK1). The protein sequence (DMCK1) shares significant homology with other mammalian CK1 protein kinases of the alpha sub-class. The dmCK1 gene is expressed only in adult females and during early embryonic development as a single transcript. Western blot analysis of total protein extracts of different stages of development show that the gene product is likewise present during early embryogenesis and in adult females. Kinase activity studies show that DMCK1 is active when in vitro translated but inactive when immunoprecipitated from total early embryo extracts. However, after dephosphorylation treatment the immunoprecipitates show high kinase activity. More significantly, DMCK1 kinase activity present in the immunoprecipitates can be specifically activated by gamma-irradiation of early embryos. Also, when DMCK1 is immunoprecipitated after irradiation it appears to undergo phosphorylation. Immunolocalization of DMCK1 in early embryos shows that the protein is predominantly cytoplasmic but after irradiation there is a significant relocalization to the interphase nucleus. The results suggest a possible requirement of the Drosophila CK1 alpha for mechanisms associated with DNA repair during early embryogenesis.

Gas6 Is a New Candidate of Maternal Effect Gene Essential for Cytoplasmic Maturation of Oocytes and Early Embryogenesis.

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Kyeoung-Hwa Kim ◽  
Eun-Young Kim ◽  
Hyun-Seo Lee ◽  
Eunju Kim ◽  
Kyung-Ah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Maternal Effect Gene ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation ◽  
Effect Gene

scholarly journals Maternal genome dominance in early plant embryogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Alaniz-Fabián ◽  
Daoquan Xiang ◽  
Gerardo Del Toro-De León ◽  
Axel Orozco-Nieto ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Maternal Genome ◽  
Zygotic Transcription ◽  
Early Embryos

AbstractPrevious studies have alternately supported and discounted the hypothesis that the maternal genome plays a predominant role in early embryogenesis in plants. We used 24 embryo defective (emb) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana to test for maternal and paternal effects in early embryogenesis. 5 emb mutants had equal maternal and paternal effects, 5 showed maternal effects and weak paternal effects, and the remaining 14 emb mutants conditioned only maternal effects, demonstrating a more important role for the maternal allele for most of these EMB genes. To assess genome-wide maternal and paternal contributions to early embryos, we produced allele-specific transcriptomes from zygote to mature stage embryos derived from reciprocal crosses of Columbia-0 and Tsu-1, a hybrid combination we show to be a faithful proxy for isogenic Columbia-0. Parent-of-origin analysis of these transcriptomes revealed a reciprocal maternal bias in thousands of genes from the zygote to octant stage. This bias greatly diminished by the globular stage, and was absent at later stages. Comparison with egg cell transcriptomes revealed no correlation between transcript levels in the egg and maternal bias in pre-globular embryos, suggesting that the maternal bias observed in early embryos is due to preferential zygotic transcription of maternal alleles. Taken together, the functional and transcriptome data presented here support a predominant role for the maternal genome in early Arabidopsis embryogenesis.SignificanceIn both animals and plants, the zygote is produced by the union of the egg and sperm cells. In animals, it is well accepted that mRNAs and proteins from the egg direct the first steps of embryogenesis. Here we present genetic and genomic experiments that support a predominant role for the maternal genome in early embryogenesis of plants, as well. In contrast to animals, our data suggest that this maternal influence is primarily derived not from inheritance of egg transcripts, but from preferential transcription of maternal alleles in the zygote and early embryo. This transient maternal zygotic bias may reflect an ancestral condition to diminish paternal influence on early embryogenesis in outcrossing plants.

Distribution of swallow protein in egg chambers and embryos of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hegde ◽  
E.C. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Rna Localization ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Maternal Effect Gene ◽  
Egg Chambers ◽  
Effect Gene

The Drosophila maternal effect gene swallow has a role in localizing bicoid mRNA at the anterior margin of the oocyte during oogenesis, and a poorly characterized role in nuclear divisions in early embryogenesis. We have examined the distribution of swallow protein during oogenesis and embryogenesis using anti-swallow antibodies. During oogenesis, high levels of swallow protein are present in basal nurse cell cytoplasm, although small amounts are also present at the anterior oocyte margin, the site of bicoid RNA localization. Only a small fraction of swallow protein is in a position to interact directly with bicoid RNA during localization. The asymmetric distribution of swallow protein is disrupted in swallow ovaries, in which bicoid RNA becomes unlocalized late in oogenesis. swallow protein is uniformly distributed in eggs, but becomes localized to nuclei during early mitotic divisions in early embryogenesis. swallow protein enters each nucleus at the beginning of mitosis, occupies a position complementary to that of condensed chromatin, and leaves each nucleus at the end of mitosis. We show examples of nuclear division defects in swallow mutant embryos, and suggest that the abnormal nuclear divisions in early swallow embryos reflect a second function for swallow protein that contributes to abdominal segmentation defects common in swallow embryos.

Visualization of early embryos of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana

Zygote ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarod Masci ◽  
Antónia Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Bicyclus Anynana ◽  
Early Embryos

We report on the first attempts, using both light and fluorescence microscopy, to visualize the developing embryo of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We developed a new protocol that enabled the clear visualization of the internal egg structures in early embryogenesis (1–24 h after egg laying). Dechorionation was followed by fixation and physical dissection of the external egg structures. Observations of embryonic and extra-embryonic cells were made using a Hoechst nuclear stain that fluoresces in the blue spectrum when bound to DNA and excited with ultraviolet (UV) light under a fluorescence microscope. Preliminary data on the developmental rate of the early embryo are also presented.

scholarly journals Alternative linker histone permits fast paced nuclear divisions in early Drosophila embryo

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 9007-9018
Author(s):  
László Henn ◽  
Anikó Szabó ◽  
László Imre ◽  
Ádám Román ◽  
Andrea Ábrahám ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Core Histone ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Early Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Nucleosome Stability

Abstract In most animals, the start of embryogenesis requires specific histones. In Drosophila linker histone variant BigH1 is present in early embryos. To uncover the specific role of this alternative linker histone at early embryogenesis, we established fly lines in which domains of BigH1 have been replaced partially or completely with that of H1. Analysis of the resulting Drosophila lines revealed that at normal temperature somatic H1 can substitute the alternative linker histone, but at low temperature the globular and C-terminal domains of BigH1 are essential for embryogenesis. In the presence of BigH1 nucleosome stability increases and core histone incorporation into nucleosomes is more rapid, while nucleosome spacing is unchanged. Chromatin formation in the presence of BigH1 permits the fast-paced nuclear divisions of the early embryo. We propose a model which explains how this specific linker histone ensures the rapid nucleosome reassembly required during quick replication cycles at the start of embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Expression and Potential Role of microRNA-29b in Mouse Early Embryo Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Shenglin Jiang ◽  
Chun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Early Embryos

Background/Aims: MicroRNA-29b (miR29b) has been previously identified in early mouse embryos through miRNA microarray analysis. Recent research has indicated that miR29b participates in DNA methylation by regulating DNA methyltransferase 3a/3b (Dnmt3a/3b) expression. However, the expression pattern and biological function of miR29b in mouse preimplantation embryonic development remain unknown. Methods: In this study, we examined the expression patterns of miR29b and Dnmt3a/3b in mouse early embryos at different developmental stages. Subsequently, expression and localization of DNMT3A/3B protein was analyzed in mouse early embryos by immunofluorescence staining. The biological function of miR29b in mouse early embryos was analyzed by microinjection of commercially available miRNA-specific inhibitors and mimics. Results: Our data showed that Dnmt3a/3b mRNA expression is negatively regulated by miR29b in mouse early embryos. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that DNMT3A/3B protein expression is predominantly localized within the nucleoplasm of embryos. Alterations to the activity of miR29b could change the DNA methylation levels in mouse preimplantation embryos and lead to a developmental blockade, from the morula to the blastocyst stage. Conclusion: These results indicated a role for the miR29b-Dnmt3a/3b-DNA methylation axis in mouse early embryonic development, and we provide evidence that miR29b is indispensable for mouse early embryonic development. This study contributes to a preliminary understanding of the role of miR29b during mouse embryonic development.

Correlation between in vitro and in vivo Data of Radiolabeled Peptide for Tumor Targeting

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 950-960
Author(s):  
Soghra Farzipour ◽  
Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Radiolabeled Peptides

Tumor-targeting peptides have been generally developed for the overexpression of tumor specific receptors in cancer cells. The use of specific radiolabeled peptide allows tumor visualization by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) tools. The high affinity and specific binding of radiolabeled peptide are focusing on tumoral receptors. The character of the peptide itself, in particular, its complex molecular structure and behaviors influence on its specific interaction with receptors which are overexpressed in tumor. This review summarizes various strategies which are applied for the expansion of radiolabeled peptides for tumor targeting based on in vitro and in vivo specific tumor data and then their data were compared to find any correlation between these experiments. With a careful look at previous studies, it can be found that in vitro unblock-block ratio was unable to correlate the tumor to muscle ratio and the success of radiolabeled peptide for in vivo tumor targeting. The introduction of modifiers’ approaches, nature of peptides, and type of chelators and co-ligands have mixed effect on the in vitro and in vivo specificity of radiolabeled peptides.

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