scholarly journals Behavioral and hormonal pattern of repeat breeder cows around estrus

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sood ◽  
M Zachut ◽  
H Dube ◽  
U Moallem
Keyword(s):  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Estradiol Concentration ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Repeat breeder (RB) cows were compared with normal (CTRL) ones with respect to behavioral estrus intensity, endocrine patterns and concentrations of plasma estradiol, progesterone and LH around estrus, and ovulation timing. A total of 27 and 31 cycles in 12 RB and 18 CTRL cows, respectively, were synchronized by means of the Ovsynch protocol followed by a single PG injection after 7 days. Behavioral estrus and ovulation were observed in 81.5 and 83.8% of the synchronized cycles in the RB and CTRL cows respectively. The RB and CTRL groups had similar estrus durations of 21.4 and 19.6 h respectively, but estrus was more intense in the RB, as indicated by numerically higher overall activity indexes and higher peak neck activity. The interval from PG injection to estrus onset (considered as proestrus) was 8.2 h shorter in RB than in CTRL cows, at 47.9 and 56.1 h respectively (P<0.007), but the average preovulatory follicle size was similar. The estradiol concentration at peak was numerically higher (21%) and the AUC tended to be higher in the RB cows than in the CTRL cows. LH secretion during the period from 18 to 3 h before the LH peak was also lower in RB than in CTRL cows: 2.5 and 4.6 ng/ml respectively (P<0.01). In conclusion, the behavioral estrus was more intense in the RB cows; nevertheless, short proestrus and subdued LH concentrations before the LH peak, which could impair oocyte competence and development, were first reported in RB cows.

scholarly journals Preovulatory follicle characteristics and oocyte competence in repeat breeder dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 9372-9381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sood ◽  
M. Zachut ◽  
I. Dekel ◽  
H. Dube ◽  
S. Jacoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Repeat Breeder

scholarly journals Effect of preovulatory follicle size on cumulus cell and follicular wall transcript abundance in beef cows

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jenna Marie Monnig
Keyword(s):  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Gonadotropin Surge ◽  
Cell Transcriptome

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced ovulation of small dominant follicles decreased pregnancy rates and increased late embryonic/fetal mortality in postpartum beef cows, which could be caused by inadequate oocyte competence and(or) maternal environment. Previous studies revealed that dominant follicle size at GnRHinduced ovulation in beef cows may affect oocyte competence, as higher fertilization rates and higher embryo quality were achieved as dominant follicle diameter at insemination increased. In addition, higher pregnancy rates and increased concentrations of circulating preovulatory estradiol and postovulatory progesterone were observed in recipient cows induced to ovulate large compared to small dominant follicles, which may affect the establishment of pregnancy. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effects of preovulatory follicle size and physiological status on the cumulus cell transcriptome (Experiment 1) and determine the effects of preovulatory follicle size and steroidogenic capacity (i.e. concentrations of circulating estradiol) on the dominant follicle wall transcriptome collected before the preovulatory gonadotropin surge (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, ovulation was synchronized in suckled beef cows by administering an injection of GnRH on d-9, prostaglandin F2a (PG) on d-2, and a second injection of GnRH on d0. The dominant follicle was trans-vaginally aspirated on d1 and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected. The cumulus cells were removed from the oocytes and assigned to one of the following follicle classifications based on follicle diameter and estrus expression: small (n=6; less than 11.7mm; no estrus expression), large (n=6; greater than 12.5 mm; no estrus expression), or spontaneous (n=5; 11.6-13.9 mm; estrus expression and endogenous gonadotropin surge). RNA was extracted from cumulus cells collected from pools of four oocytes and sequenced before being aligned to the Bos taurus genome (UMD3.1). When comparing the cumulus cell transcriptome of small versus large preovulatory follicles, 430 transcripts were more abundant at a false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.10 in small follicles and 454 were more abundant in large follicles. The glycolytic pathway was enriched in the cumulus cells of large follicles compared to small follicles. In the small versus spontaneous preovulatory follicle comparison, 597 transcripts were more abundant in small follicles and 1012 transcripts were more abundant in spontaneous follicles. The steroid biosynthesis pathway (i.e. cholesterol synthesis) was enriched in the cumulus cells of spontaneous compared to small follicles. In the large versus spontaneous preovulatory follicle comparison, 541 transcripts were more abundant in cumulus cells from large follicles and 951 were more abundant in cumulus cells from spontaneous follicles. In summary, a greater abundance of transcripts encoding for members of the glycolytic pathway in large follicles and transcripts encoding for members of the steroid biosynthesis pathway in the cumulus cells of spontaneous compared to small follicles indicate that oocytes from small follicles may be less competent. Preovulatory follicle development was synchronized in Experiment 2 by administering GnRH on d-9 and PG on d-2 to non-lactating beef cows. The ovaries were harvested at slaughter 48 hr after PG (d0) and the dominant follicle collected. RNA was extracted from approximately half of the follicle wall and sequenced. Cows were divided into two classifications based on dominant follicle diameter at collection: small (n=4; less than 11.5 mm) and large (n=7; greater than 12.5 mm). Nine transcripts were more abundant in small follicles, and two transcripts were more abundant in large follicles. No significant pathways were found. The same 11 follicle walls were also divided into two classifications based on concentration of serum estradiol at 48 hr after PG: low (n=6; less than 4.0 pg/ml) and high (n=5; greater than or equal to 4.0 pg/ml). In the low estradiol classification, 281 transcripts were more abundant in the follicle wall and 40 were more abundant in the follicle wall of the high estradiol classification. No significant pathways were found. Transcripts were analyzed with PANTHER to find significant gene ontology (GO) terms. Differentially abundant transcripts in low estradiol follicles were more highly associated with mitosis, chromosome segregation, and regulation of biological processes. In summary, a small number of transcripts were differentially abundant in the follicle wall of small versus large dominant follicles prior to the preovulatory gonadotropin surge and no specific pathways were identified that might provide insight into how the physiological maturity of a dominant follicle can affect pregnancy rate. Comparisons made between follicle walls from follicles with low or high serum estradiol found a larger number of transcripts were more highly abundant in the low estradiol follicles, possibly indicating that a higher level of transcription is taking place in the low estradiol follicles, and therefore are less mature.

215 DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF PROGESTAGEN TREATMENT ON FUNCTIONALITY OF PREOVULATORY FOLLICLES IN SHEEP

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
C. Letelier ◽  
R. A. García-Fernández ◽  
R. M. García-García ◽  
M. Arias-Álvarez ◽  
I. Contreras-Solis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Deleterious Consequence ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

The use of progestagen for 14 days in protocols for estrus synchronization has been reported to affect conception rate in sheep. We evaluated the effects of progestagen treatment on the growth pattern and follicular function of preovulatory follicles (PF) and their implication for subordinated follicles (SF). Adult female sheep were randomly assigned to the following estrus synchronization groups: 1) FGA (n = 7), which received an intravaginal device of fluorogestone acetate sponges (Chronogest®, Intervet International, Boxmeer, the Netherlands) for 14 days, or 2) PGF (n = 7), which received 3 i.m. administrations of 125 μg of cloprostenol (Estrumate®, Mallinckrodt Vet GmbH, Friesoythe, Germany) 10 days apart. The third cloprostenol administration in the PGF group was given at the same time of sponge withdrawal in the FGA group (Day 0 = day of sponge withdrawal). Ultrasonographic examinations of the ovaries for assessment of follicular development were carried out daily from Days 0 to 2 by using a scanner (Aloka SSD500) equipped with a 7.5-MHz transducer adapted for transrectal examinations. Follicular function was evaluated in terms of estradiol secretion, and blood samples were taken every 12 h to determine plasma estradiol concentration from Days 0 to 2. Ovaries from all females in both groups were recovered by ovariectomy on Day 2 to determine apoptosis by immunohistochemistry for active caspase-3 in granulosa cells from SF of 3 to 5 mm in diameter. Additionally, SF were histologically classified as healthy, early, or advanced atretic. Data were analyzed by Student t-test and Pearson correlation. The total number of PF observed on Day 2 was 15 and 12 for the PGF and FGA groups, respectively. The 90.9 and 93.3% of PF recorded in the PGF and FGA groups, respectively, on Day 2 was retrospectively identified on Day 0. The 33.6 and 46.6% of those follicles from the PGF and FGA groups, respectively, corresponded to follicles >5 mm in diameter. Although mean diameter of PF was higher in the FGA group than in the PGF group (5.4 ± 0.4 mm v. 4.5 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; P < 0.01) on Day 0, PF diameter was similar between groups on Day 2. Plasma estradiol concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the PGF group on Day 1 (3.1 ± 0.2 pg/mL v. 1.7 ± 0.2 pg/mL in the FGA group) but did not differ between groups on Day 2. The growing pattern of the PF in the PGF group significantly (P < 0.05) affected the total number of SF, and there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for an increase of the total number of healthy follicles in the same group. In addition, advanced atretic follicles from the FGA group were significantly higher than those observed in the PGF group (P < 0.001). Additionally, caspase-3 immunoreactivity was higher in the FGA group than in the PGF group (P < 0.05) and it was associated with the largest SF in both groups. All of these finding are indicative of the presence of aged follicles with an extended permanence in the ovary. We concluded that the use of progestagen for 14 days in protocols for estrus synchronization in sheep affects the growth pattern and functionality of the preovulatory follicle during the follicular phase and may have a deleterious consequence on oocyte competence. CYCITAGL2005-02669 and DID-D-2007-03 UACh.

scholarly journals Equine Oocyte Competence for Nuclear and Cytoplasmic in Vitro Maturation: Effect of Follicle Size and Hormonal Environment1

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghylène Goudet ◽  
Jacqueline Bézard ◽  
Guy Duchamp ◽  
Nadine Gérard ◽  
Eric Palmer
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Follicle Size

LH and FSH secretion, follicle development and oestradiol in sows ovulating or failing to ovulate in an intermittent suckling regimen

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Langendijk ◽  
S. J. Dieleman ◽  
C. van Dooremalen ◽  
G. R. Foxcroft ◽  
R. Gerritsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Lh Secretion

The present paper describes LH and FSH secretion, follicle development and ovulation in sows that were subjected to a limited nursing regimen. From Day 14 of lactation, 32 sows were separated from their piglets for 12 h every day (intermittent suckling; IS). Half the sows had boar contact during separation. Nine of 32 sows ovulated spontaneously within 14 days from initiation of IS. The frequency of LH pulses on the first day of IS tended to be higher in anovulatory sows (6.3 v. 4.2 pulses per 12 h; P < 0.10); other characteristics of LH secretion were similar to sows that ovulated. The characteristics of FSH secretion did not differ over the 8-h sampling period. Boar contact did not influence either LH and FSH secretion or the number of sows that ovulated. Up to 58% of anovulatory sows showed an increase in follicle size after initiation of IS and, 4 days after the initiation of IS, one-third still had follicles similar in size to those in ovulatory sows. However, the oestradiol concentration in anovulatory sows did not increase. We conclude that FSH and LH stimulation in anovulatory sows is not limiting for normal follicle development, but that ovarian follicles are not responsive to increased LH secretion.

scholarly journals Formation of Cystic Ovarian Follicles Associated with Elevated Luteinizing Hormone Requires Estrogen Receptor-β

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 4693-4702 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Couse ◽  
Mariana M. Yates ◽  
Ryan Sanford ◽  
Abraham Nyska ◽  
John H. Nilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Stringent regulation of LH secretion from the pituitary is vital to ovarian function in mammals. Two rodent models of LH hypersecretion are the transgenic LHβ-C-terminal peptide (LHβCTP) and estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-null (αERKO) mice. Both exhibit ovarian phenotypes of chronic anovulation, cystic and hemorrhagic follicles, lack of corpora lutea, interstitial/stromal hyperplasia, and elevated plasma estradiol and testosterone. Because ERβ is highly expressed in granulosa cells of the ovary, we hypothesized the intraovarian actions of ERβ may be necessary for full manifestation of phenotypes associated with LH hyperstimulation. To address this question, we generated female mice that possess elevated LH, but lack ERβ, by breeding the LHβCTP and ERβ-null (βERKO) mice. A comparison of LHβCTP, αERKO, and βERKOLHCTP females has allowed us to elucidate the contribution of each ER form to the pathologies and endocrinopathies that occur during chronic LH stimulation of the ovary. αERKO ovaries respond to elevated LH by exhibiting an amplified steroidogenic pathway characteristic of the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle, whereas wild-typeLHCTP and βERKOLHCTP females exhibit a steroidogenic profile more characteristic of the luteal stage. In addition, the hemorrhagic and cystic follicles of the LHβCTP and αERKO ovaries require the intraovarian actions of ERβ for manifestation, because they were lacking in the βERKOLHCTP ovary. In turn, ectopic expression of the Leydig cell-specific enzyme, Hsd17b3, and male-like testosterone synthesis in the αERKO ovary are unique to this genotype and are therefore the culmination of elevated LH and the loss of functional ERα within the ovary.

scholarly journals Relationship between follicular volume and oocyte competence, blastocyst development and live-birth rate: optimal follicle size for oocyte retrieval

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wirleitner ◽  
J. Okhowat ◽  
L. Vištejnová ◽  
M. Králíčková ◽  
M. Karlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Follicle Size

Higher gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor bioactivity is found in small follicles from superovulated women

1994 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Fowler ◽  
M Fraser ◽  
P Cunningham ◽  
P G Knight ◽  
B Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Rat Pituitary Cells ◽  
Lh Secretion

Abstract Ovine and rat pituitary bioassays for gonadotrophin surgeattenuating factor (GnSAF) were utilized to determine whether the level of GnSAF bioactivity in pooled human follicular fluid (hFF) from superovulated women varied according to follicle diameter (≤11 mm, 12–15 mm and 16–21 mm follicles examined using the ovine bioassay, or ≤10 mm, 11–13 mm, 14–17 mm, 18–20 mm, 21–24 mm and ≥ 25 mm follicles examined using the rat bioassay). When tested using dispersed ovine pituitary cells, GnSAF bioactivity, expressed in terms of the reduction in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced LH secretion, was inversely related to follicle diameter (P<0·01). In response to 5 μl hFF/well from follicles of ≤ 11, 12–15 and 16–21 mm diameter, GnRH-induced LH secretion was reduced to 40·5±6·6.9%, 65·2±6·6% and 83·7±7·9% of control respectively. A similar inverse relationship was observed when a second batch of hFF samples from different sized follicles was tested using rat pituitary cell monolayers. Expressing GnSAF bioactivity in terms of the dose required to suppress GnRH-induced LH secretion by rat pituitary cells to 50% of the maximal suppression observed (ED50), the three smallest follicle size pools contained the most GnSAF (ED50 values of 0·13, 2·79 and 5·36 μl hFF/well from follicles of ≤ 10, 11–13 and 14–17 mm respectively). The ED50 values for follicles of 18–20, 21–24 and ≥25 mm were 8·81, 27·1 and 60·0 μl hFF/well respectively. Thus hFF from follicles ≤ 11 mm was over 450 times more potent than hFF from follicles ≥ 25 mm in suppressing GnRH-induced LH release. The ED50 values for inhibin bioactivity (measured as the suppression of basal FSH secretion from rat pituitary monolayers) were much less variable than those for GnSAF bioactivity (between 0·85 and 0·13 μl hFF/well). Inhibin immunoreactivity, measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay, followed the same pattern as inhibin bioactivity with lowest concentrations in the smallest follicles (41·96 ng/ml) and highest concentrations in the three largest follicle size groups (56·48–64·48 ng/ml). The specific effects of inhibin on GnRH-induced LH and basal FSH release in these pituitary bioassays were determined by incubating culture dishes with pure recombinant human inhibin at doses of 0·025–25 ng/well. In both the sheep and rat pituitary monolayers, basal FSH was suppressed (ED50=0·02 and 0·16 ng/well respectively). However, while inhibin markedly stimulated GnRH-induced LH secretion from ovine pituitary monolayers (ED50=0·04 ng/well), it suppressed GnRH-induced LH secretion from rat pituitary monolayers (ED50=0·31 ng/well) by 13%. The divergent effects of inhibin on GnRH-induced LH secretion in the two culture systems, and the relative insensitivity of GnRH-induced LH secretion to recombinant human inhibin in the rat system, indicates that the inverse relationship between GnSAF concentrations and follicular diameter cannot be an artefact of inhibin bioactivity. In addition, when hFF was fractionated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using phenyl Sepharose, fractions which contained the greatest amounts of GnSAF bioactivity differed from those which contained peak levels of bioactive or immunoreactive inhibin. These results support in vivo observations that small follicles are important regulators of gonadotrophin secretion in superovulated women. Concentrations of GnSAF fall as the follicles approach an ovulatory size which enables positive steroid feedback on pituitary responses to hypothalamic GnRH, leading to the preovulatory LH surge. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 33–44

scholarly journals 13 EFFECTS OF PRESYNCHRONIZATION WITH A USED CIDR, AND TREATMENT WITH eCG ON FERTILITY IN LACTATING COWS SUBJECTED TO A COSYNCH PROTOCOL

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Colazo ◽  
M. Rutledge ◽  
J. Small ◽  
J. Kastelic ◽  
L. Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
To Receive

The objectives were to investigate the effects of pretreatment with a used CIDR on follicle size and ovulation rate in cows after an injection of GnRH, and treatment with eCG at the time of PGF on preovulatory follicle size and fertility in cows subjected to a Cosynch protocol. Lactating crossbred beef cows (n = 292), 2 to 12 years of age were allocated to two groups to receive either a used CIDR (Bioniche Animal Health; Belleville, Ontario, Canada) for 15 days or no treatment (Control). At CIDR removal (Day 0), all cows received 100 μg of GnRH i.m. (Cystorelin, Merial Canada Inc., Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada). On Day 7, all cows received 500 μg of cloprostenol i.m. (PGF; Estrumate, Schering-Plough Animal Health, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada) and were further allocated to receive either 400 IU of eCG i.m. (Pregnacol; Bioniche Animal Health) or no treatment (2 × 2 factorial design; n = 73 per group). On Day 9 (54 h after PGF), cows were given 100 μg of GnRH i.m., concurrent with timed AI (TAI). Transrectal ultrasonographic examinations were done on a subset of approximately 40 cows in each group on Days −15, 0, 7, and 9 to assess ovarian structures, and on all cows on Day 37 to confirm pregnancy. Data were analyzed by SAS CATMOD and ANOVA. Overall, 53% of cows had a CL present on Day −15 (P = 0.23). At first GnRH (Day 0), fewer CIDR-treated cows than Control cows had a CL (15.2 vs. 85.0%, respectively; P < 0.001), while mean (± SEM) diameters of the dominant follicle were larger in CIDR-treated cows (18.2 ± 0.4 vs. 13.8 ± 0.4 mm, respectively; P < 0.001). Moreover, the proportion of cows that ovulated following the first GnRH was higher (P < 0.001) in CIDR-treated (75.0%) than Control (48.7%) cows. Eight (10.0%) cows presynchronized with a CIDR did not ovulate and had a luteinized follicle (31.7 ± 1.9 mm) at the time of PGF. Although CIDR-treated cows had larger (P < 0.002) dominant follicles than Control cows on Day 9 (16.6 ± 0.3 vs. 15.2 ± 0.3 mm), presynchronization did not affect fertility (53.4 vs. 54.1%, respectively). However, diameter of the dominant follicle at TAI in cows that became pregnant was smaller in CIDR-treated vs. Control cows (15.3 ± 0.3 vs. 16.6 ± 0.3; P < 0.005). Treatment with eCG on Day 7 did not affect (P = 0.17) the diameter of the dominant follicle at TAI, but tended (P = 0.06) to increase pregnancy rate (58.9 vs. 48.6%). Furthermore, pregnancy rate tended to be higher (P = 0.08) in Control cows given eCG (47/73, 64.4%) than in the Control- (32/73, 43.8%), CIDR- (39/73, 53.4%) or CIDR/eCG- (39/73, 53.4%) treated cows. In addition, pregnancy rate was affected by parity; 2-yr-old cows had a lower (P < 0.04) pregnancy rate than older cows (42.9, 58.7, and 58.2% for 2, 3–4, and >5 years, respectively). Treatment with eCG increased pregnancy rate by 33% (P < 0.03) in 2-yr-old Control cows. In summary, presynchronization with a used CIDR prior to a Cosynch protocol increased the proportion of cows responding to the first GnRH. Although CIDR-treated cows had a smaller dominant follicle at TAI, pregnancy rate was not affected. Treatment with eCG increased fertility in Control cows; eCG may be useful in GnRH-based protocols in lactating beef cows.

Reduction of serum gonadotropin concentrations after parathyroidectomy

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Anders Kristoffersson ◽  
Kjell Grankvist ◽  
Johannes Järhult
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Significant Alteration ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

Abstract. Calcium, parathyroid hormone, folliclestimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol were measured in 15 postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism before and 1 year after parathyroidectomy. Normalization of serum calcium concentrations (from 2.87 to 2.29 mmol/l) was followed by a highly significant fall in serum LH and FSH concentrations. No significant alteration occurred in plasma estradiol concentration.

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