scholarly journals Involvement of hyaluronan synthesis in ovarian follicle growth in rats

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Takahashi ◽  
Wataru Tarumi ◽  
Bunpei Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Ha Synthase

Most of the previous studies on ovarian hyaluronan (HA) have focused on mature antral follicles or corpora lutea, but scarcely on small preantral follicles. Moreover, the origin of follicular HA is unknown. To clarify the localization of HA and its synthases in small growing follicles, involvement of HA in follicle growth, and gonadotropin regulation of HA synthase (Has) gene expression, in this study, perinatal, immature, and adult ovaries of Wistar-Imamichi rats were examined histologically and biochemically and byin vitrofollicle culture. HA was detected in the extracellular matrix of granulosa and theca cell layers of primary follicles and more advanced follicles. Ovarian HA accumulation ontogenetically started in the sex cords of perinatal rats, and its primary site shifted to the intrafollicular region of primary follicles within 5 days of birth. TheHas1–3mRNAs were expressed in the ovaries of perinatal, prepubertal, and adult rats, and the expression levels ofHas1andHas2genes were modulated during the estrous cycle in adult rats and following administration of exogenous gonadotropins in immature acyclic rats. TheHas1andHas2mRNAs were predominantly localized in the theca and granulosa cell layers of growing follicles respectively. Treatments with chemicals known to reduce ovarian HA synthesis induced follicular atresia. More directly, the addition ofStreptomyceshyaluronidase, which specifically degrades HA, induced the arrest of follicle growth in anin vitroculture system. These results indicate that gonadotropin-regulated HA synthesis is involved in normal follicle growth.

Initial ovulation rate and follicle population after injection of inhibin-neutralizing antiserum in the late-prepubertal rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Sander ◽  
H. M. A. Meijs-Roelofs ◽  
E. C. M. van Leeuwen ◽  
P. Kramer ◽  
W. A. van Cappellen
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Immune Control ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Control Serum

ABSTRACT In late-prepubertal female rats passive immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin was achieved by injection of inhibin antiserum. Effects on follicle population, timing of sexual maturation, ovulation rate at first and second oestrus and serum FSH levels were studied. Rats were injected with antiserum, (non-immune) control serum from castrated sheep (castrated serum) or their IgG fractions, or with saline on day 33 or 3 or 2 days (days −3/−2) before the expected day of first ovulation, day 38·5±0·2 (n = 70). Blood was collected from different subgroups at 8, 24 and 48 h, and at first and second oestrus after injection. At necropsy, ovaries were histologically prepared for differential counting of follicles (48 h and first oestrus) and counting of corpora lutea (CL; first and second oestrus) as an index of ovulation rate. Results from rats injected with either serum or its IgG fraction were not different, as was the case when rats were injected with either castrated serum or saline. Thus, results from groups treated with antiserum and antiserum IgG were combined and labelled 'antiserum', and the castrated serum, castrated serum IgG and saline-treated groups were combined and labelled 'control'. The activity of inhibin-neutralizing antibodies in the circulation of antiserum-treated rats was reduced by 43% between 8 h and second oestrus after injection, as determined by the binding of purified bioactive radioiodinated 31 kDa bovine inhibin. After antiserum injection on day 33, more healthy antral follicles (vol. > 100 × 105 μm3, diameter > 260 μm) were present in the ovaries at 48 h (70·6 vs 54·4; P < 0·05) and at first oestrus (73·1 vs 50·8; P < 0·05) if first oestrus was reached within 5 days, but numbers were not different if first oestrus was more than 5 days after injection (52·6 vs 50·8). The number of CL after injection of antiserum on day 33 was increased at first oestrus compared with control (13·4±0·5, n = 30, vs 10·0±0·2, n = 40; P<0·001), an effect that was even more clearly present in antiserum-injected rats ovulating within 5 days (14·4±0·7, n = 20; P < 0·001). Rats injected with antiserum at days −3/−2 showed a doubling of ovulation rate at first oestrus when compared with control animals (21·5±0·8, n = 12, vs 10·5±0·2, n = 15; P < 0·001). No differences in the number of CL was seen at second oestrus. Age and body weight on the day of first ovulation were not influenced by antiserum treatment. Serum FSH was significantly (P < 0·01) increased at 8 h after antiserum injection on either day 33 or on days −3/−2 to a level of 250 and 800% of control levels respectively. Thus, injection with inhibin–neutralizing antiserum into prepubertal female rats resulted, through an increase in serum FSH concentration 8 h after injection, in the growth of additional numbers of healthy antral follicles. Supranormal ovulation rate occurred if antiserum injections were given within the last 5 days before first ovulation, with a maximal ovulation rate after injection on days −3/−2. The data support the view that, in the immature female rat during the last 5 days before the day of first ovulation, inhibin is (through its regulation of serum FSH levels) progressively involved in the control of follicle growth and ovulation rate. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 289–296

Influence of gonadotropins on ovarian follicle growth and developmentin vivoandin vitro

Zygote ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Filatov ◽  
Yulia Khramova ◽  
Elena Parshina ◽  
Tatiana Bagaeva ◽  
Maria Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormones

SummaryGonadotropins are the key regulators of ovarian follicles development. They are applied in therapeutic practice in assisted reproductive technology clinics. In the present review we discuss the basic gonadotropic hormones – recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone, its derivatives, luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin serum of pregnant mares, their origin, and application in ovarian follicle systems inin vitroculture systems.

IN-VITRO STEROIDOGENESIS OF NEWLY FORMED CORPORA LUTEA AND THE NON-LUTEAL OVARY IN THE RAT, RABBIT, HAMSTER AND GUINEA-PIG

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. TERRANOVA ◽  
S. K. SAIDAPUR ◽  
G. S. GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Baseline Levels

The steroidogenic abilities of the newly formed corpus luteum (8–10 h after ovulation) and the non-luteal ovary were compared in the guinea-pig, hamster, rabbit and rat using an invitro incubation technique. Histologically, newly formed rat corpora lutea (CL) were highly luteinized whereas the CL of the rabbit and guinea-pig were only partially luteinized. The CL of the hamster showed the least amount of luteinization. Serum progesterone was highest in the rat (18 ± 3 (s.e.m.) ng/ml). In the hamster, it was about 8 ng/ml, whereas in the rabbit and guinea-pig it was about 1 ng/ml. Serum androstenedione ranged between 0·5 and 1 ng/ml. Serum testosterone was lowest in the hamster (60 pg/ml) and highest in the rabbit (470 pg/ml), whereas in the rat and guinea-pig, testosterone levels were similar (about 240 pg/ml). Serum oestrogens were at baseline levels in all species. The CL of the rat exhibited considerably greater steroidogenic ability than the CL of the other species, producing 70 ± 6 ng progesterone/mg per h, 215 ± 14 pg androstenedione/mg per h, 49 ± 3 pg testosterone/mg per h, 3 pg oestrone/mg per h and 1 pg oestradiol/mg per h. Rabbit CL produced only progesterone (7 ± 2 ng/mg per h). Newly formed hamster CL produced none of the above steroids. In general, the ability of the CL to produce progesterone in vitro correlated with the degree of luteinization found by histological observation. Guinea-pig CL were embedded deeply in the ovary and could not be obtained without damage. Consequently, a portion of the ovary containing a corpus luteum was incubated. There was no difference in the steroid production by this portion of the ovary compared with the non-luteal ovary. The non-luteal ovary of the rat produced the highest amount of progesterone (10 ± 2 ng/mg per h). The guinea-pig non-luteal ovary produced about 5 ± 2 ng progesterone/mg per h, whereas the non-luteal ovary of the rabbit did not produce any. On the other hand, the hamster non-luteal ovary lost progesterone. Non-luteal ovaries from all species produced androgens. The non-luteal ovary of the guinea-pig contained especially large numbers of atretic antral follicles. The guinea-pig non-luteal ovary produced extremely large amounts of androstenedione (1110 ± 210 pg/mg per h) and testosterone (606 ± 154 pg/mg per h) compared with the amounts produced by the non-luteal ovary of the rat, hamster and rabbit. In the non-luteal ovary, interstitium and atretic antral follicles are the probable source of androgens. Oestrogen production by the non-luteal ovary was at baseline levels in the four species studied correlating with the absence of healthy antral follicles. The results indicate the extreme species differences that exist in ovarian function in the early postovulatory period.

Localization of ovine follistatin and α and βA inhibin mRNA in the sheep ovary during the oestrous cycle

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Tisdall ◽  
N Hudson ◽  
P Smith ◽  
K P McNatty
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Antral Follicles

ABSTRACT The sites of follistatin and α and βA inhibin gene expression were examined by in situ hybridization in sheep ovaries during the early and mid-luteal phases (days 3 and 10) of the oestrous cycle and a prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)-induced follicular phase. Follistatin mRNA was detected in the granulosa cells of preantral, antral and early atretic follicles at all stages of the oestrous cycle, and in the corpora lutea at the early and mid-luteal stages of the cycle. However, only low levels of expression of follistatin were observed in the presumptive preovulatory follicle at 56 h after treatment with PGF2α. Both α and βA inhibin were shown to be expressed in ovaries at all stages of the oestrous cycle. In situ hybridization localized α subunit mRNA to the granulosa cells of most, but not all, healthy antral follicles, and to no other ovarian cell type. In contrast, expression of the βA subunit was confined to a few medium-to-large healthy antral follicles. In antral follicles expressing βA inhibin, mRNAs for α inhibin and follistatin were always detected, but the converse was not true. Unlike follistatin, no α and βA inhibin expression was seen in preantral follicles, developing corpora lutea, or follicles undergoing atresia. These results show that, in the adult sheep ovary, follistatin gene expression is a constitutive event in all growing follicles from the early preantral stage, and also provide indirect evidence of the involvement of follistatin, but not inhibin or activin, in the early stages of ovarian follicle development in sheep.

EFFECTS OF SODIUM PENTOBARBITONE ADMINISTRATION ON GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE, FIRST OVULATION AND OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY IN PUBERTAL RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. OSMAN ◽  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Ovulatory Process

SUMMARY Pubertal female rats received sodium pentobarbitone (PB; 45 mg/kg body wt) at various hours on the day of first pro-oestrus. Maximal blockade of ovulation, in about 60% of the rats, occurred after PB treatment at 12.00, 13.00 and 14.00 h. The number of small antral follicles (100–499 × 105 μm3) was reduced 1 day after PB treatment in both blocked and ovulating rats. In the ovaries of non-ovulating rats signs of stimulation by LH such as dispersion of cumulus cells, oocyte maturation and early luteinization were sometimes present; in ovulating rats cystic corpora lutea with entrapped ova were found in addition to normal corpora lutea. Gonadotrophin measurements after PB treatment (14.00 h) in pubertal and adult rats showed (at 17.00 h) reduced levels of both LH and FSH, these levels being lower in the adults. Gonadotrophin levels of blocked and ovulating pubertal rats overlapped. In PB-treated, pubertal rats in which ovulation was postponed by 1 day, vaginal oestrus was prolonged by 1 day and the subsequent dioestrus by 2 days. The pubertal rat is thus less sensitive to PB treatment than the adult. PB treatment of the younger animal influences not only the ovulatory process but also follicular growth and, presumably, the length of the approaching cycle.

N-acetyl-cysteine and the control of oxidative stress during in vitro ovarian follicle growth, oocyte maturation, embryo development and cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 106801
Author(s):  
Laryssa G. Barrozo ◽  
Laís R.F.M. Paulino ◽  
Bianca R. Silva ◽  
Efigênia C. Barbalho ◽  
Danisvânia R. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine

Postovulatory steroidogenesis after PMS-induced ovulation in immature female rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. E221-E225 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Taya ◽  
G. S. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Serum Lh

Thirty-day-old rats given a single subcutaneous injection of 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) at 0900 h ovulated on the morning of day 33 (= estrus). However, the second ovulation did not occur until 9.4 days later. To determine the mechanism responsible for the delay in the second ovulation, in vivo and in vitro determinations of steroid and peptide hormones were compared between PMS-primed immature rats and adult cyclic rats. In PMS-primed rats, the corpora lutea (CL) produced progesterone for 2 days longer (until day 36) than the CL of the adult rat. Serum levels of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone, and estradiol in PMS-primed rats were significantly lower than the corresponding values in adult rats. Serum LH was consistently lower in the PMS-primed rats. An increase in serum FSH occurred on days 36–37, which may be responsible for maturation of the follicles destined to ovulate at the second ovulation. On day 37, the nonluteal ovary of the PMS-primed rats also began to produce in vitro appreciable amounts of testosterone and estradiol. These findings suggest that the greater levels of prolactin and/or low levels of luteinizing hormone during estrus in PMS-primed rats may be responsible for the prolonged secretion of progesterone by the CL. This in turn inhibits follicular maturation, indirectly by lowering serum LH, which is reflected in reduced ability of the follicles in vitro to produce testosterone and estradiol until the CL regress.

The earliest stages of folliculogenesis in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Smitz ◽  
RG Cortvrindt
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Follicle Culture ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Culture Systems

In recent years several follicle culture systems have been pioneered in different mammalian species for studying ovarian folliculogenesis and culturing immature oocytes. Applications of these in vitro techniques include fertility preservation for humans, conservation of rare animals and development of oocyte banks for research purposes. Immature female gametes in the ovarian cortex can be cryopreserved for later use if culture techniques are available afterwards to promote growth and maturation. This review focuses on biochemical and biophysical factors related to oocyte culture in mice, the only animal in which live offspring have been produced after folliculogenesis in vitro. The advantage of using mice for these studies is that, in parallel to development of follicle culture systems, essential knowledge on folliculogenesis can be obtained from knockout mouse models. Recent experiments in mice stressed the principal role of the oocyte in follicle development and the strict timing of the biological processes underlying oogenesis in vitro. In large domestic animals and humans, study of oocyte culture is confounded by the constitutively prolonged nature of ovarian follicle development. In humans, only some aspects of follicle development have been studied because of the limited availability of suitable material for experimentation, technical difficulties related to manipulation of very small structures and lack of knowledge on physiological regulation of the early stages of follicle growth. Only a few reports describe ovarian follicular growth in vitro. In this review, relevant information on hormonal and growth factor regulation of the earliest stages of follicle growth in mammals is reviewed. Techniques are becoming available for the precise isolation of distinct classes of follicle and powerful molecular biology techniques can be used in studies of ovarian tissue culture.

scholarly journals Ovarian Expression of Insulin-Like Peptide 3 (INSL3) and Its Receptor (RXFP2) During Development of Bovine Antral Follicles and Corpora Lutea and Measurement of Circulating INSL3 Levels During Synchronized Estrous Cycles

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 1897-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Satchell ◽  
Claire Glister ◽  
Emma C. Bleach ◽  
Richard G. Glencross ◽  
Andrew B. Bicknell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Antral Follicles

Abstract Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), a major product of testicular Leydig cells, is also expressed by the ovary, but its functional role remains poorly understood. Here, we quantified expression of INSL3 and its receptor RXFP2 in theca interna cell (TIC) and granulosa cell compartments of developing bovine antral follicles and in corpora lutea (CL). INSL3 and RXFP2 mRNA levels were much higher in TIC than granulosa cell and increased progressively during follicle maturation with INSL3 peaking in large (11-18 mm) estrogen-active follicles and RXFP2 peaking in 9- to 10-mm follicles before declining in larger (11-18 mm) follicles. Expression of both INSL3 and RXFP2 in CL was much lower than in TIC. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirmed abundant expression of INSL3 mRNA and protein in TIC. These observations indicate follicular TIC rather than CL as the primary site of both INSL3 production and action, implying a predominantly autocrine/paracrine role in TIC. To corroborate the above findings, we showed that in vitro exposure of TIC to a luteinizing concentration of LH greatly attenuated expression of both INSL3 and its receptor while increasing progesterone secretion and expression of STAR and CYP11A1. Moreover, in vivo, a significant cyclic variation in plasma INSL3 was observed during synchronized estrous cycles. INSL3 and estradiol-17β followed a similar pattern, both increasing after luteolysis, before falling sharply after the LH surge. Thus, theca-derived INSL3, likely from the dominant preovulatory follicle, is detectable in peripheral blood of cattle, and expression is down-regulated during luteinization induced by the preovulatory LH surge. Collectively, these findings underscore the likely role of INSL3 as an important intrafollicular modulator of TIC function/steroidogenesis, while raising doubts about its potential contribution to CL function.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document