scholarly journals Effect of different levels of short-term feed intake on folliculogenesis and follicular fluid and plasma concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, and hormones in Hu sheep during the luteal phase

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijia Ying ◽  
Ziyu Wang ◽  
Changlong Wang ◽  
Haitao Nie ◽  
Dongyang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Hu Sheep ◽  
Different Levels

This study investigated the effects of short-term food restriction or supplementation on folliculogenesis and plasma and intrafollicular metabolite and hormone concentrations. Ewes were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group received a maintenance diet (M) while the supplemented group and restricted group received 1.5×M and 0.5×M respectively on days 6–12 of their estrous cycle. Estrus was synchronized by intravaginal progestogen sponges for 12 days. On days 7–12, blood samples were taken. After slaughter, the ovarian follicles were classified and the follicular fluid was collected. Compared with restriction, supplementation shortened the estrous cycle length, decreased the number of follicles 2.5–3.5 mm and follicular fluid estradiol (E2) concentration, increased the number of follicles >3.5 mm and plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations, and augmented the volume of follicles >2.5 mm. Restricted ewes had higher intrafollicular insulin concentration, but it was similar to that of supplemented ewes. Compared with follicles ≤2.5 mm, the intrafollicular glucose and E2concentrations were increased and the testosterone, insulin, and glucagon concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were decreased in follicles >2.5 mm. Only in restricted ewes were intrafollicular LDH and testosterone concentrations in follicles ≤2.5 mm not different from those in follicles ≤2.5 mm. In conclusion, the mechanism by which short-term dietary restriction inhibits folliculogenesis may involve responses to intrafollicular increased E2, testosterone, and LDH levels in late-stage follicles. This may not be due to the variation of intrafollicular insulin level but rather due to decreased circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon.

scholarly journals Melatonin improves the efficiency of super-ovulation and timed artificial insemination in sheep

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Song ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Xuguang Wang ◽  
Aerman Hairy ◽  
Xiaosheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Seasonal Reproduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Hu Sheep

It has been well proved that melatonin participates in the regulation of the seasonal reproduction of ewes. However, the effects of short term treatment of melatonin on ewe’s ovulation are still to be clarified. In this study, the effects of melatonin on the number of embryo s harvested from superovulation, and the pregnant rate in recipients after embryo transferred have been investigated. Hu sheep with synchronous estrus treatment were given melatonin subcutaneously injection (0, 5, and 10 mg/ewe, respectively). It was found that t he estrogen level in the group of 5 mg melatonin was significantly higher than that of other two groups a t the time of sperm insemination ( p < 0.05). The pregnant rate and number of lambs in the group of 5 mg melatonin treatment was also significantly higher than that of the rests of the groups ( P < 0.05). In another study, 31 Suffolk ewes as donors and 103 small-tailed han sheep ewes as recipients were used to produce pronuclear embryo and embryo transfer. Melatonin (5 mg) was given to the donors during estrus. The results showed that, the number of pronuclear embryos and the pregnancy rate were also significantly higher in melatonin group than that in the control group . In addition, 28 donors and 44 recipient ewes were used to produce morula/blastocyst and embryo transferring. Melatonin (5 mg) was given during estrus. The total number of embryos harvested ( 7.40±1.25/ewe vs. 3.96±0.73/ewe, P<0.05 ) and the pregnant rate (72.3±4.6% vs.54.7±4.0%, P<0.05) and number of lambs were also increased in melatonin group compared to the control group. Collectively, the results have suggested that melatonin treatment 36 hours after CIDR withdrawal could promote the number and quality of embryos in the in vivo condition and increased the pregnant rate and number of lambs.

EFFECTS OF PARSLEY SEEDS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS AS NATURAL ADDITIVES ON SEMEN QUALITY IN RABBIT MALES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Jamal A. Embark
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Different Levels

This study is designed to evaluate the effect of using parsley seeds (PAS) at different levels as a natural on semen quality and reduce the effect of lipidperoxidation of bucks. Forty New Zealand rabbit bucks 8 month old were divided into four groups (each 10 rabbit bucks). The groups were divided as follows: Control diet (free from PAS), T1: Control diet + 5g/kg PAS, T2: Control diet + 10g/kg PAS; T3: Control diet + 15g/kg PAS. Semen sample were collected twice a week; from each rabbit buck by artificial vagina. The first semen collection was used to evaluate semen quality parameters. However, the second semen collection was used for analysis semen plasma. Results revealed that feeding diets containing different levels of PAS significantly (P<0.05) increased semen volume, mass activity, individual motility, PSV, sperm concentration, total sperm and seminal plasma activity of ALP enzyme and significant (P<0.05) decrease in dead sperm and seminal plasma concentrations of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and MDA and seminal plasma activities of AST and ALT enzymes and TAC as compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with different levels of PAS, especially at the level of 15 g/kg (T3) resulted in significant improvement in semen quality, antioxidant status and reproductive traits of rabbit bucks.

scholarly journals Melatonin improves the efficiency of super-ovulation and timed artificial insemination in sheep

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Song ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Xuguang Wang ◽  
Aerman Haire ◽  
Xiaosheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Seasonal Reproduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Hu Sheep

It has been well proved that melatonin participates in the regulation of the seasonal reproduction of ewes. However, the effects of short term treatment of melatonin on ewe’s ovulation are still to be clarified. In this study, the effects of melatonin on the number of embryos harvested from superovulation, and the pregnant rate in recipients after embryo transferred have been investigated. Hu sheep with synchronous estrus treatment were given melatonin subcutaneously injection (0, 5, and 10 mg/ewe, respectively). It was found that the estrogen level in the group of 5 mg melatonin was significantly higher than that of other two groups at the time of sperm insemination (p < 0.05). The pregnant rate and number of lambs in the group of 5 mg melatonin treatment was also significantly higher than that of the rests of the groups (P < 0.05). In another study, 31 Suffolk ewes as donors and 103 small-tailed han sheep ewes as recipients were used to produce pronuclear embryo and embryo transfer. Melatonin (5 mg) was given to the donors during estrus. The results showed that, the number of pronuclear embryos and the pregnancy rate were also significantly higher in melatonin group than that in the control group. In addition, 28 donors and 44 recipient ewes were used to produce morula/blastocyst and embryo transferring. Melatonin (5 mg) was given during estrus. The total number of embryos harvested (7.40 ± 1.25/ewe vs. 3.96 ± 0.73/ewe, P < 0.05) and the pregnant rate (72.3 ± 4.6% vs. 54.7 ± 4.0%, P < 0.05) and number of lambs were also increased in melatonin group compared to the control group. Collectively, the results have suggested that melatonin treatment 36 hours after CIDR withdrawal could promote the number and quality of embryos in vivo condition and increased the pregnant rate and number of lambs.

Low-dose flunarizine does not affect short-term fetal circulatory responses to acute asphyxia in sheep near term

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Garnier ◽  
Richard Berger ◽  
Doris Pfeiffer ◽  
Arne Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Near Term

Asphyxia is one of the major causes of perinatal brain damage and neuronal cell loss, which may result in psychomotor deficits during later development. It has been shown previously that the immature brain can be protected from ischemic injury by flunarizine, a class IV calcium antagonist. However, cardiovascular side-effects of flunarizine, when applied at the dosages used in those studies, have been reported. Recently, the present authors were able to demonstrate that even by injecting flunarizine at a far lower dosage (1 mg kg) estimated bodyweight) neuronal cell damage, caused by occlusion of both carotid arteries for 30 min, can be reduced in fetal sheep near term. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to examine whether low-dose flunarizine affects fetal cardiovascular responses to acute asphyxia in sheep near term. Ten fetal sheep were chronically instrumented at a mean gestational age of 132 1 days (term is at 147 days). Fetuses from the study group received a bolus injection of flunarizine (1 mg kg–1 estimated fetal weight) 60 min before asphyxia, whereas the solvent was administered to the fetuses from the control group. Organ blood flows, physiological variables and plasma concentrations of catecholamines were measured before, during and after a single occlusion of uterine blood flow for 2 min (i.e. at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 30 min). Before asphyxia, the distribution of combined ventricular output and physiological variables, as well as concentrations of catecholamines, in fetuses from the control group were in the normal range for chronically prepared fetal sheep near term. During acute asphyxia there was a redistribution of cardiac output towards the central organs accompanied by a pronounced bradycardia and a rapid increase in arterial blood pressure. After asphyxia circulatory centralization did not resolve quite as rapidly as it developed, but was almost completely recovered at 30 min after the insult. There were nearly no differences in the time course of physiological and cardiovascular variables measured before, during and after acute intrauterine asphyxia between the control and study groups. From the present study it was concluded that low-dose flunarizine does not affect short-term fetal circulatory responses to acute asphyxia in sheep near term.

Energy intake and appetite-related hormones following acute aerobic and resistance exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Balaguera-Cortes ◽  
Karen E. Wallman ◽  
Timothy J. Fairchild ◽  
Kym J. Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Circulating Levels

Previous research has shown that resistance and aerobic exercise have differing effects on perceived hunger and circulating levels of appetite-related hormones. However, the effect of resistance and aerobic exercise on actual energy intake has never been compared. This study investigated the effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise, compared with aerobic exercise, on subsequent energy intake and appetite-regulating hormones. Ten active men completed 3 trials in a counterbalanced design: 45 min of resistance exercise (RES; free and machine weights), aerobic exercise (AER; running), or a resting control trial (CON). Following exercise or CON, participants had access to a buffet-style array of breakfast foods and drinks to consume ad libitum. Plasma concentrations of a range of appetite-regulating hormones were measured throughout each trial. Despite significantly higher energy expenditure with AER compared with RES (p < 0.05), there was no difference in total energy intake from the postexercise meal between trials (p = 0.779). Pancreatic polypeptide was significantly higher prior to the meal after both RES and AER compared with CON. In contrast, active ghrelin was lower following RES compared with both CON and AER (p ≤ 0.05), while insulin was higher following RES compared with CON (p = 0.013). In summary, the differential response of appetite-regulating hormones to AER and RES does not appear to influence energy intake in the postexercise meal. However, given the greater energy expenditure associated with AER compared with RES, AER modes of exercise may be preferable for achieving short-term negative energy balance.

scholarly journals The effect of short-term nutritional supplementation of ewes with lupin grain (Lupinus luteus) on folliculogenesis, the concentrations of hormones and glucose in plasma and follicular fluid and the follicular levels of P450 aromatase and IRS-1, -2 and -4

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Somchit-Assavacheep ◽  
B K Campbell ◽  
M Khalid ◽  
N R Kendall ◽  
R J Scaramuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fluid Concentration ◽  
Irs Proteins ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted on 48 ewes during follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle to determine the effect of a 5-day lupin grain supplementation (500 g/day) on folliculogenesis, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, FSH and oestradiol-17β (E2), follicular fluid concentrations of glucose, E2, androstenedione and progesterone and the levels of P450aromatase and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), -2 and -4 in theca and granulosa cells. Average weight did not differ between lupin-fed and control groups. The numbers of follicles were increased (P<0.05; χ2) in the lupin-fed group. The plasma concentrations of glucose (P<0.05; ANOVA) and insulin (P<0.001; ANOVA) were higher in lupin-fed ewes. The plasma concentrations of FSH were not different but those of E2were decreased (P<0.001) in the lupin-fed group. Both the follicular fluid concentration of E2(P<0.05) and the level of P450aromatase in granulosa cells (P<0.05; ANOVA) were decreased in the lupin-fed group, but only during the follicular phase. The level of P450aromatase in granulosa cells was positively correlated with the concentration of E2in follicular fluid (r=0.820;P<0.001; ANOVA). The levels of IRS-1 and -2 in theca and granulosa cell lysates were increased in the lupin-fed group. These data suggest that insulin has a local role in the control of folliculogenesis and is likely to be a mediator of the effects of dietary energy intake on ovulation rate. We suggest that insulin acting through IRS proteins mediates the reproductive actions of insulin in the follicle and that IRS-1 and -2 are nutritionally regulated mediators of the action of insulin in the follicle.

scholarly journals Effects of 5′-uridylic acid feeding on postprandial plasma concentrations of GH, insulin and metabolites in young calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Katoh ◽  
K Yoshioka ◽  
H Hayashi ◽  
T Mashiko ◽  
M Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I

Postprandial changes in plasma concentrations of GH, insulin, IGF-I, leptin and metabolites were compared between young Holstein bull calves fed with milk alone (control group) and with milk+5′-uridylic acid (UMP) (UMP group). UMP (2 g/day) was given with milk at 0830 h and 1530 h for 11 days from the 4th to the 14th day after birth. The perirenal fat weight was significantly lower in the UMP group than in the control group, but there was no significant difference in the weights of the liver, spleen and heart between the groups. Basal GH concentrations in the UMP group were slightly higher, but the postprandial increase in plasma insulin level and the area under the curve for insulin in the UMP group were significantly lower than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in IGF-I levels between the groups. In addition, the postprandial glucose concentrations were lower in the UMP group as reflected by the insulin level, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were not different. In the muscle (M. longissimus thoracis) sampled at 14 days of age, the triacylglycerol (TAG) content was significantly greater but glycogen content was significantly lower in the UMP group than in the control group. From these results, we have concluded that feeding 5′-UMP at 2 g/day for 11 days significantly alters TAG accumulation in the body and plasma concentrations of GH and insulin in young bull calves.

scholarly journals Components of a platelet-activating factor-signaling loop are assembled in the ovine endometrium late in the estrous cycle

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. E233-E240 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Chami ◽  
G. Evans ◽  
C. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Paf Receptor ◽  
Ovine Uterus ◽  
Circulating Levels

Pulsatile release of uterine prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) induces luteolysis in ruminants. Exogenous PAF is well known to cause PGF2α release from the ovine uterus. This study examines whether the components of a PAF-signaling loop exist in sheep at the time luteolysis is normally initiated. Day 14 of the cycle was the first day the uterus responded to an infusion of PAF, inducing a significant short-term increase in circulating levels of the PGF2α metabolite. There was a significant increase of PAF concentration ( P < 0.001) in the endometrium and PAF release by tissue explants ( P < 0.001) from day 10 to day 16 of the cycle. Endometrial tissue PAF receptor mRNA expression was induced ( P < 0.01) by estradiol and progesterone treatment of animals, and transcripts were present between days 10 and 16 of the estrous cycle. Western analysis of endometrial tissue showed marked upregulation of PAF receptor protein expression from day 14 of the cycle, and immunolocalization studies showed that the receptor expression was predominantly around the endometrial glands. PAF:acetylhydrolase was primarily located within the lumen of the endometrial glands. The study shows that a PAF-signaling loop was assembled within the ovine endometrium at the time that PGF2α pulsatility was first observed.

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