scholarly journals Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Denison ◽  
K A Roberts ◽  
S M Barr ◽  
J E Norman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Tissue Biology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Maternal obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for both mother and offspring. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk associated with maternal obesity are not well understood. In non-pregnant populations, many of the complications of obesity are thought to be mediated in part by inflammation and its sequelae. Recent studies suggest that a heightened inflammatory response may also be involved in mediating adverse clinical outcomes during pregnancy. This review summarizes our current knowledge about adipose tissue biology, and its role as an endocrine and inflammatory organ. The evidence for inflammation as a key mediator of adverse pregnancy outcome is also presented, focusing on the role of inflammation in adipose tissue, systemic inflammation, the placenta, and vascular endothelium.

scholarly journals POS0737 LOW PRECONCEPTIONAL COMPLEMENT LEVEL IS RELATED WITH ADVERSE OBSTETRIC OUTCOME IN A MULTICENTRIC COHORT OF PREGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH APS AND APL POSITIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 619.2-620
Author(s):  
D. Lini ◽  
C. Nalli ◽  
L. Andreoli ◽  
F. Crisafulli ◽  
M. Fredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Obstetric Outcome ◽  
Complement Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background:The role of complement in the antiphospholipid (aPL) related pathology has been widely studied in animal models. Antiphospholipid antibodies can induce fetal loss in experimental animals but mice deficient in specific complement components (C4, C3, C5) appear somehow protected. In addition, in pregnant mice injected with aPL, antibody deposition has been found at decidual level causing focal necrosis, apoptosis and neutrophil infiltrates and supporting aPL pathogenetic potential. On the other hand, human studies did find hypocomplementemia associated to pregnancy complications in patients with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). These results, however, are not unanimously confirmed and, in addition, some studies only show increased levels of complement activation products (i.e. Bb) and not decreased levels of C3 and/or C4. A recently study focusing on complement level in early pregnancy and before pregnancy showed a significant correlation with pregnancy complications and loss in a large cohort of primary APS.Objectives:To investigate if the simple detection of low C3 and/or C4 could be considered a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome in APS and aPL carriers pregnancies.Methods:We performed a multicentric study including patients from 10 Italian and 1 Russian Centers. Data on pregnancies in women with primary APS (n=434) and asymptomatic carriers with persistently positive aPL but not fulfilling clinical criteria for APS (n=218) were retrospectively collected. Serum C3 and C4 levels were evaluated by nephelometry; hypocomplementemia was defined by local laboratory reference values. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad.Results:Preconceptional complement levels and gestational outcome were available for 107 (25%) pregnancies in APS out of 434 and for 196 (90%) pregnancies in aPL carriers women out of 218. In pregnancies with low preconceptional C3 and/or C4, a significantly higher prevalence of pregnancy losses was observed (p=0.019). A subgroup analysis focusing on triple aPL positive patients was also performed. Preconceptional low C3 and/or C4 levels were found to be associated with an increased rate of pregnancy loss (p = 0.027) in this subgroup also. Otherwise, adverse pregnancy outcomes in single or double aPL positive women were not related to preconception complement levels (p = 0.44) (Table 1). Of note, all the pregnancy losses in the triple positive group occurred in patients treated with low dose aspirin and low molecular weight heparin from the time of positive pregnancy test.Conclusion:Our findings confirm that decreased complement levels before pregnancy are associated with increased risk of adverse outcome. This has been seen only in in women with triple aPL positivity, indeed single or double positivity does not show this trend. Complement levels are cheap and easy to be measured therefore they could represent a useful aid to identify patients at increased risk of pregnancy loss. test positivity.References:[1]De Carolis S, et al. Complementemia and obstetric outcome in pregnancy with antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus (2012) 21:776–8.[2]Kim MY, et al. Complement activation predicts adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis (2018) 77:549–55.[3]Fredi M, et al. Risk Factors for Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Women With Confirmed aPL Positivity: Results From a Multicenter Study of 283 Pregnancies. Front Immunol. 2018 May 7;9:864.Triple aPL positivitySingle or double aPL positivityGestational outcomeLow C3/C4 (n=49)Normal C3/C4(n=17)pLow C3/C4 (n=57)Normal C3/C4(n=165)pTerm live birth (>37w)15 (31%)6 (35%)ns34 (60%)110 (67%)nsPreterm live birth (≤37w)22 (45%)11 (65%)ns15 (26%)38 (23%)nsPregnancy losses (abortion and miscarriages)12 (24%)0 (0%)0.0278 (14%) 17 (10%)nsDisclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals CHEK2∗1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hale ◽  
Maren Weischer ◽  
Jong Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Studies

Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer.CHEK2plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, ofCHEK2on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussedCHEK2∗1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23–3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78–6.47) for familial cases, indicating thatCHEK2∗1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2∗1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals The consequences of obesity and excess weight gain in pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Norman ◽  
Rebecca Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Operative Delivery ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

The prevalence of obesity in pregnancy is rising exponentially; about 15–20% of pregnant women now enter pregnancy with a BMI which would define them as obese. This paper provides a review of the strong links between obesity and adverse pregnancy outcome which operate across a range of pregnancy complications. For example, obesity is associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolism, pre-eclampsia and postpartum haemorrhage. Obesity also complicates operative delivery; it makes operative delivery more difficult, increases complications and paradoxically increases the need for operative delivery. The risk of the majority of these complications is amplified by excess weight gain in pregnancy and increases in proportion to the degree of obesity, for example, women with extreme obesity have OR of 7·89 for gestational diabetes and 3·84 for postpartum haemorrhage compared to their lean counterparts. The consequences of maternal obesity do not stop once the baby is born. Maternal obesity programmes a variety of long-term adverse outcomes, including obesity in the offspring at adulthood. Such an effect is mediated at least in part via high birthweight; a recent study has suggested that the odds of adult obesity are two-fold greater in babies weighing more than 4 kg at birth. The mechanism by which obesity causes adverse pregnancy outcome is uncertain. This paper reviews the emerging evidence that hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance may both play a role: the links between hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and both increased birthweight and insulin resistance have been demonstrated in two large studies. Lastly, we discuss the nature and rationale for possible intervention strategies in obese pregnant women.

scholarly journals Congenital heart disease: factor affecting it and role of RBSK in dealing with situation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4437
Author(s):  
Martina S. Balat ◽  
Saurabh Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) is the second leading cause of death in infancy and childhood. So the purpose of this study to know socio-demographic profile and the maternal risk factors affecting CHD, and the role of RBSK in screening with respect to CHD.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during June to October 2016 in Ahmedabad city. Parents of 169 children with CHD who were beneficiaries of RBSK during the previous 3 months were interviewed.Results: The majority of children were in the age group of 0-3 years 49.7% (mean±SD= 4.26±4). Majority of families belonged to the lower middle class IV (41.4%). 44% of mothers had primary education. Mothers with age >30 yrs were 55.6%. Only 30.9% of mothers had taken folic acid during the periconceptional period. Mothers with previous adverse pregnancy outcome were 40.2%. Maternal stress and high blood pressure were present in 33.7% and 24.8% of the mothers respectively. 48% of children were diagnosed through Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK).Conclusions: Lower middle class, lower maternal education, advanced maternal age, low folic acid intake, previous adverse pregnancy outcome, maternal stress and high blood pressure were the leading risk factors for CHD. RBSK is playing important role in screening and diagnosing of patients.

scholarly journals The Infant Gut Microbiota and Risk of Asthma: The Effect of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser A. Alsharairi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Research has amply demonstrated that early life dysbiosis of the gut microbiota influences the propensity to develop asthma. The influence of maternal nutrition on infant gut microbiota is therefore of growing interest. However, a handful of prospective studies have examined the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in influencing the infant gut microbiota but did not assess whether this resulted in an increased risk of asthma later in life. The mechanisms involved in the process are also, thus far, poorly documented. There have also been few studies examining the effect of maternal dietary nutrient intake during lactation on the milk microbiota, the effect on the infant gut microbiota and, furthermore, the consequences for asthma development remain largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aim of this mini review is summarizing the current knowledge regarding the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota composition, and whether it has implications for asthma development.

scholarly journals Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Eaton ◽  
Jaswinder K. Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Distribution Form ◽  
Increased Risk

The current knowledge of sex-dependent differences in adipose tissue biology remains in its infancy and is motivated in part by the desire to understand why menopause is linked to an increased risk of metabolic disease. However, the development and characterization of targeted genetically-modified rodent models are shedding new light on the physiological actions of sex hormones in healthy reproductive metabolism. In this review we consider the need for differentially regulating metabolic flexibility, energy balance, and immunity in a sex-dependent manner. We discuss the recent advances in our understanding of physiological roles of systemic estrogen in regulating sex-dependent adipose tissue distribution, form and function; and in sex-dependent healthy immune function. We also review the decline in protective properties of estrogen signaling in pathophysiological settings such as obesity-related metaflammation and metabolic disease. It is clear that the many physiological actions of estrogen on energy balance, immunity, and immunometabolism together with its dynamic regulation in females make it an excellent candidate for regulating metabolic flexibility in the context of reproductive metabolism.

scholarly journals The Role of Adipose Tissue in Insulin Resistance in Women of African Ancestry

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H. Goedecke ◽  
Naomi S. Levitt ◽  
Juliet Evans ◽  
Nicole Ellman ◽  
David John Hume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Women ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Tissue Biology ◽  
Ectopic Fat Deposition

Women of African ancestry, particularly those living in industrialized countries, experience a disproportionately higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, obesity and insulin resistance, which are major risk factors for T2D, are greater in black compared to white women. The exact mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not known. This paper will focus on the role of adipose tissue biology. Firstly, the characteristic body fat distribution of women of African ancestry will be discussed, followed by the depot-specific associations with insulin resistance. Factors involved in adipose tissue biology and their relation to insulin sensitivity will then be explored, including the role of sex hormones, glucocorticoid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis, and their consequent effects on adipose tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Finally the role of ectopic fat deposition will be discussed. The paper proposes directions for future research, in particular highlighting the need for longitudinal and/or intervention studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and T2D in women of African ancestry.

The Role of Ureaplasma urealytkum in Adverse Pregnancy Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Knox ◽  
Donald G. Cave ◽  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Henry T. Eastment ◽  
Peter Timms
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy
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