scholarly journals Short-term exposure to hydrogen peroxide during oocyte maturation improves bovine embryo development

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Vandaele ◽  
M Thys ◽  
J Bijttebier ◽  
A Van Langendonckt ◽  
I Donnay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Recent studies have shown that short-term exposure of oocytes to a stressor such as hydrostatic pressure or osmotic stress might induce stress tolerance in embryos. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of short-term hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure to bovinein vitromatured cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) on subsequent preimplantation embryo development and apoptosis. In the first experiment, mature COCs were incubated in H2O2at concentrations ranging between 0.01 and 100 μmol/l, and subsequently fertilized and cultured. Oocyte incubation with 50–100 μmol/l of H2O2resulted in a significantly higher blastocyst yield (47.3%) in comparison with control medium (31.8%), while apoptotic cell ratio was inversely related with H2O2concentration. In the second experiment, we showed that the stress tolerance after H2O2exposure was not mediated by increased glutathione content in treated oocytes nor by enhanced fertilization or penetration. Further research should concentrate on the potential role of players that have been associated with stress tolerance in somatic cell lines.

Effect of short-term exposure of cumulus-oocyte complex to 3-morpholinosydnonimine on in vitro embryo development and gene expression in cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Loren ◽  
C Cheuquemán ◽  
E Sánchez ◽  
J Risopatrón ◽  
ME Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cumulus Oocyte Complex ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Depletion of BIRC6 leads to retarded bovine early embryonic development and blastocyst formation in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessie Salilew-Wondim ◽  
Micheal Hölker ◽  
Franca Rings ◽  
Chirawath Phatsara ◽  
Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development

Baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat-containing 6 (BIRC6) is believed to inhibit apoptosis by targeting key cell-death proteins. To understand its involvement during bovine preimplantation embryo development, two consecutive experiments were conducted by targeted knockdown of its mRNA and protein using RNA interference. In Experiment 1, the effect of BIRC6 knockdown during the early stages of preimplantation embryo development was assessed by injecting zygotes with long double-stranded RNA (ldsRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against BIRC6 mRNA followed by in vitro culturing until 96 h post insemination (hpi). The results showed that in RNA-injected zygote groups, reduced levels of BIRC6 mRNA and protein were accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in the proportion of 2- and 4-cell and uncleaved embryos and a corresponding decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of 8-cell embryos. In Experiment 2, the effect of BIRC6 knockdown on blastocyst formation, blastocyst total cell number and the extent of apoptosis was investigated. Consequently, zygotes injected with ldsRNA and shRNA resulted in lower (P < 0.05) blastocyst formation and total blastocyst cell number. Moreover, the apoptotic cell ratio, CASPASE 3 and 7 activity, BAX to BCL-2 ratio and levels of SMAC and CASPASE 9 were higher in blastocysts derived from the ldsRNA and shRNA groups, suggesting increased apoptosis in those blastocysts. The results of this study reveal the importance of BIRC6 expression for embryo survival during bovine preimplantation embryo development. However, whether BIRC6 is essential for implantation and fetal development during bovine pregnancy needs further research.

scholarly journals Temporal expression of factors involved in chromatin remodeling and in gene regulation during early bovine in vitro embryo development

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge McGraw ◽  
Christian Vigneault ◽  
Marc-André Sirard
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development

Distinct epigenetic modification events regulate gene expression and chromatin structure during the period between the immature oocyte and the blastocyst. Throughout this developmental period, important methylation fluctuations occur on genomic DNA and histones. Finding single orcombinations offactors, which are at work during this period is essential to understand the entire epigenetic process. With this in mind, we assessed the precise temporal expression profile, during preimplantation embryo development, of 15 key regulators involved in RNA, DNA or histone methylation, chromatin modification or silencing and transcription regulation. To achieve this, real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA levels of ATF7IP, DMAP1, EHMT1, EHMT2, HELLS, JARID1A, JARID1B, JMJD1A, JMJD2A, LSD1, MeCP2, METTL3, PRMT2, PRMT5 and RCOR2, in the oocyte and throughout in vitro bovine embryo development. Our results demonstrate that all the 15 key regulators were present to different degrees in the developmental stages tested, and they can be divided into three different groups depending on their respective mRNA profile.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles from Follicular and Ampullary Fluid Isolated by Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation Improve Bovine Embryo Development and Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Anise Asaadi ◽  
Nima Azari Dolatabad ◽  
Hadi Atashi ◽  
Annelies Raes ◽  
Petra Van Damme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Gradient ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Step Size

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated from follicular (FF) and ampullary oviduct fluid (AOF), using different isolation methods. However, it is not clear whether different purification methods can affect the functionality of resulting EVs. Here, we compared two methods (OptiPrep™ density gradient ultracentrifugation (ODG UC) and single-step size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (qEV IZON™ single column)) for the isolation of EVs from bovine FF and AOF. Additionally, we evaluated whether the addition of EVs derived either by ODG UC or SEC from FF or AOF during oocyte maturation would yield extra benefits for embryo developmental competence. The characterization of EVs isolated using ODG UC or SEC from FF and AOF did not show any differences in terms of EV sizes (40–400 nm) and concentrations (2.4 ± 0.2 × 1012−1.8 ± 0.2 × 1013 particles/mL). Blastocyst yield and quality was higher in groups supplemented with EVs isolated from FF and AOF by ODG UC, with higher total cell numbers and a lower apoptotic cell ratio compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Supplementing in vitro maturation media with EVs derived by ODG UC from AOF was beneficial for bovine embryo development and quality.

scholarly journals Inverse relationship between autophagy and CTSK is related to bovine embryo quality

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-766
Author(s):  
Ahmed Z Balboula ◽  
Mansour Aboelenain ◽  
Jianye Li ◽  
Hanako Bai ◽  
Manabu Kawahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Autophagic Activity

Improving the quality and the developmental competence of in vitro produced (IVP) embryos is an indispensable goal for assisted reproductive technology. Autophagy is a major protective mechanism for intracellular degradation of unnecessary cytoplasmic components. Autophagy ends by the fusion between autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes, allowing the degradation of the cargo by lysosomal enzymes, especially the cathepsins (CTSs). However, it is still unclear how autophagy and cathepsin K (CTSK) relate to embryo development. This study evaluated (1.) the activities of autophagy and CTSK in relation to bovine embryo quality and (2.) the effect of autophagy induction and/or CTSK inhibition on preimplantation embryo development and quality. We show here that good-quality embryos exhibited a greater autophagic activity and less CTSK activity compared to poor-quality embryos. Blastomeres of an individual embryo may vary in their quality. Good quality blastomeres showed an increased autophagic activity and decreased CTSK activity compared to poor-quality blastomeres within the same embryo at different developmental stages. Importantly, induction of autophagy and/or inhibition of CTSK improved the developmental rate (increased blastocyst and hatching rates) and the quality (increased total cell number and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells) of IVP bovine embryos. These results demonstrate a promising approach to selectively isolate good-quality embryos and improve the efficiency of IVEP of cattle embryos.

scholarly journals The PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Improves Lipolytic/Lipogenic Balance through CPT1 and PEPCK during the Development of Pre-Implantation Bovine Embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Lianguang Xu ◽  
Marwa El Sheikh ◽  
Tabinda Sidrat ◽  
Seok-Hwan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

The PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) play critical roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. PPARδ, a member of the PPARs family, is associated with decreased susceptibility to ectopic lipid deposition and is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial processes. The current study aimed to determine the role of PPARδ in fatty acid β-oxidation and its influence on PEPCK for the lipogenic/lipolytic balance during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development. Activation of PPARδ by GW501516, but not 2-BP, was indicated by intact embryonic PEPCK (cytosolic) and CPT1 expression and the balance between free fatty acids and mitochondrial β-oxidation that reduced ROS and inhibited p-NF-κB nuclear localization. Genes involved in lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and apoptosis showed significant differences after the GW501516 treatment relative to the control- and 2-BP-treated embryos. GSK3787 reversed the PPARδ-induced effects by reducing PEPCK and CPT1 expression and the mitochondrial membrane potential, revealing the importance of PPARδ/PEPCK and PPARδ/CPT1 for controlling lipolysis during embryo development. In conclusion, GW501516-activated PPARδ maintained the correlation between lipolysis and lipogenesis by enhancing PEPCK and CPT1 to improve bovine embryo quality.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

scholarly journals The Role of Herbal Bioactive Components in Mitochondria Function and Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Tao ◽  
Yanrong Zhang ◽  
Zhiqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Atp Production

Mitochondria are highly dynamic double-membrane organelles which play a well-recognized role in ATP production, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction (redox) status, apoptotic cell death, and inflammation. Dysfunction of mitochondria has long been observed in a number of human diseases, including cancer. Targeting mitochondria metabolism in tumors as a cancer therapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for researchers in recent years due to the essential role of mitochondria in cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and progression. On the other hand, a series of studies have indicated that traditional medicinal herbs, including traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), exert their potential anticancer effects as an effective adjunct treatment for alleviating the systemic side effects of conventional cancer therapies, for reducing the risk of recurrence and cancer mortality and for improving the quality of patients’ life. An amazing feature of these structurally diverse bioactive components is that majority of them target mitochondria to provoke cancer cell-specific death program. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies about the role of these herbs, especially their bioactive compounds in the modulation of the disturbed mitochondrial function for cancer therapy.

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