scholarly journals Recovery of suppressed male reproduction in mice exposed to progesterone during embryonic development by testosterone

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Harini ◽  
S B Sainath ◽  
P Sreenivasula Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Transplacental Exposure

The present study aimed to examine whether transplacental exposure to progesterone caused male reproductive abnormalities and whether the changes can be reversed after testosterone administration. Progesterone was injected to mice on day 1, 3, and 7 of pregnancy. The male pups (F1 generation) were allowed to grow for 50 days and assessed for reproductive performance. Gestational exposure to progesterone (7 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant body weight gain with a decrease in reproductive tissue indices in mice. Total sperm count, viable sperm, and motile sperm decreased in experimental mice. Hypo-osmotic swelling test revealed that experimental mice sperm membrane integrity was severely altered. The activity levels of testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase cluster (HSD3B) and hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B)) decreased significantly in mice exposed to progesterone during embryonic development when compared with the controls. The levels of serum testosterone decreased with an increase in serum FSH and LH in mice exposed to progesterone during embryonic development. Prenatal exposure to progesterone caused significant reduction in the number of spermatozoa and increase in the lumen of seminiferous tubule. The experimental mice that cohabited with normal females showed fertility reduction. Administration of testosterone (4.16 mg/kg body weight) on postnatal day 20, 30, and 40 to progesterone-exposed prenates resulted in recovery of progesterone-induced suppressed male reproduction. It is suggested that the impairment of male reproduction in mice exposed to progesterone during embryonic development could be mediated through the inhibition of testosterone production. These results also indicate thatin uteroexposure to progesterone affects male reproduction and that supplementation of testosterone restores the suppressed male reproduction.

scholarly journals Water Blooms—A Potential Threat to Male Reproduction: Clues from Fishes and Rodent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xinglin Chen ◽  
Tongtong Zhang ◽  
Xiaohan Ren ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are a potential threat to global aquatic ecosystems and human health. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most toxic variant of microcystins (MCs), and exposure to MCs can damage the male reproductive system.Two electronic databases were searched for controlled studies of rodents and fishes published before September 2020. Effect sizes were calculated for eight main reproductive parameters, including sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, serum testosterone, testis weight, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), serum luteinising hormone (LH) and serum estradiol. Nine meta-analyses of individual parameters were conducted using R version 4.0.2. Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the studies of rodents, exposure to MC-LR by intraperitoneal injection or intragastric administration yielded statistically significant effects on sperm count (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -1.7426 (95% CI: -2.2098 to -1.2754)), abnormal sperm rate (SMD = 1.6714 (95% CI: 0.9702 to 2.3726)), sperm motility (SMD = -2.8822 (95% CI: -3.9811 to -1.7834)), testis weight (SMD = -2.8822 (95% CI: -3.9811 to -1.7834)) and serum FSH (SMD = 0.4707 (95% CI: 0.0659 to 0.8756)). In fish studies, the changes in serum testosterone (SMD = 0.5521 (95% CI: 0.1652; 0.9391)) and estradiol (SMD = 0.6398 (95% CI: 0.1896 to 1.0900)) concentrations are considered to be statistically significant. Dose–response analysis reflected the dynamic changes of male reproductive function caused by MC. Short-term exposure to MC-LR can affect the function of the male reproductive system in rodents and fish. Elevated dosage or extended exposure time may worsen the damage. Human-related research on MC-LR exposure is very necessary to protect health and the water environment.

Maternal aromatase inhibition via letrozole altered RFamide-related peptide-3 and gonadotropin releasing hormone expression in pubertal female rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shaaban ◽  
Amin Tamadon ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zamiri ◽  
Amin Derakhshanfar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Letrozole Treatment

Abstract Despite the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among childbearing women and the development of many animal models for this syndrome, information on its etiology is still scarce. Intrauterine hyperandrogenic environment may underlie changes at the levels of hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary organization in female offspring, and PCOS later in life. Letrozole, has been shown to mimic reproductive and metabolic characteristics of PCOS in adult rodent models. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the condition in a prenatal letrozole-treated rat model. Twenty-eight female rats from dams receiving letrozole at certain doses during late pregnancy were used in the trial. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 21) received letrozole treatment on days 16–18 gestation at doses 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Prenatal letrozole-treatment delayed parturition time and reduced the litter size in pregnant dams (P < 0.0001). Late puberty onset, irregular ovarian cyclicity, increased anogenital distance (AGD), body weight gain, and serum testosterone concentration and reduced estradiol levels (P < 0.0001) were observed in the female offspring of dams receiving 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW letrozole. Furthermore, Letrozole at 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW showed increased Rfrp and decreased Gnrh mRNA expression (P < 0.0001). Letrozole treatment at doses 1 mg/kg BW and lower was not feto-toxic. It was concluded that 1 mg/kg BW letrozole may be suggested for prenatal PCOS induction.

scholarly journals Recovery of Prenatal Baicalein Exposure Perturbed Reproduction by Postnatal Exposure of Testosterone in Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sridevi Vaadala ◽  
Naveen Ponneri ◽  
Venkata Shashank Karanam ◽  
Sri Bhashyam Sainath ◽  
Pamanji Sreenivasuala Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Hypoosmotic Swelling Test ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Baicalein (BC), a flavonoid, which lacks the qualities of reproductive health and shows adverse effects, is tested in this study. Inseminated mice were injected with 30, 60, and 90 mg BC/Kg body weight on gestation days 11, 13, 15, and 17. The F1 BC-exposed males of each dosage were divided into six groups. First three groups (n = 6 from each BC dosage) were used for assessment of reproductive performance, the others (n = 4 from each BC dosage) were administered with testosterone 4.16 mg/kg body weight on postnatal days 21, 31, and 41. The reproductive health of adult F1 males at the age of 55 and 60 was tested. Prenatal BC exposure showed reduced fertility after cohabitation with control females. The BC exposure significantly reduced the body weight, tissue indices, and sperm parameters (motility, count, viability, and daily sperm count) and altered the sperm membrane in a hypoosmotic swelling test. A downward trend was observed in testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β- and 17β-steroid dehydrogenases) and serum testosterone, whereas increase in serum titers of FSH and LH along with altered the testicular histology. Conversely, testosterone (4.16 mg/kg body weight) partially recovered reduced male reproductive health by BC. BC impaired male reproductive health due to low levels of testosterone is reverted by external testosterone is evidenced in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-1 on Experimental Enterocolitis in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1231-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sou Ohkawara ◽  
Hideki Furuya ◽  
Kousuke Nagashima ◽  
Narito Asanuma ◽  
Tsuneo Hino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Bloody Stool ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens

ABSTRACT Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-1, a butyrate-producing strain, was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent enterocolitis. Oral administration of the MDT-1 strain (109 CFU/dose) alleviated the symptoms of colitis (including body weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, organic disorder, and mucosal damage) that are induced in mice drinking water that contains 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels in colonic tissue were reduced, suggesting that MDT-1 mitigates bowel inflammation. The addition of MDT-1 culture supernatant inhibited the growth of nine clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli that could potentially cause enterocolitis. Infection of mice with C. coli 11580-3, one of the isolates inhibited by MDT-1 in vitro, resulted in diarrhea, mucosal damage, increased MPO activity levels in colonic tissue, increased numbers of C. coli in the cecum, and decreased body weight gain. However, administration of MDT-1 to mice, prior to and during C. coli infection, reduced these effects. These results suggest that Campylobacter-induced enterocolitis can be alleviated by using B. fibrisolvens as a probiotic.

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Ginger Powder (Zingiber officinale) against Acephate-induced Reprotoxicity in Adult Male Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
V. Madhavi ◽  
U. Kanchana Ganga ◽  
S. B. Sainath ◽  
B. Kishori
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sperm Membrane

Aims: The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of ginger against acephate-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats. Methodology: Rats were allocated into four groups where animals in group I served as controls, while animals in group II, III and group IV were treated as experimental rats. Rats in groups II, III and IV were treated with acephate (50mg/kg body weight), ginger (100mg/kg body weight) and combination of both acephate and ginger, respectively over a period of 60 days. After completion of experimental period sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm membrane integrity, testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD, serum testosterone and testicular architecture was performed in both control and experimental rats. Results: Relative weights of reproductive organs, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm membrane integrity were significantly decreased in acephate treated rats over controls. Acephate administration also reduced the circulatory levels of testosterone associated with a significant reduction in the testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) in rats. The testicular architecture was disrupted in acephate intoxicated rats. In contrast, ginger administration significantly recovered the acephate-induced suppressed selected reproductive parameters with increased circulatory levels of testosterone and restoration of sperm endpoints in as compared to acephate alone treated rats. No significant changes were observed in any of the selected reproductive endpoints in ginger treated rats as compared to controls. Conclusion: The results can be concluded that supplementation of ginger mitigates the negative effects of acephate on male reproductive health via amelioration of testicular setroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation events in rats.

scholarly journals Two-Generation Reproduction Study and Immunotoxicity Screen in Rats Dosed with Phenol via the Drinking Water

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Ryan ◽  
R. Selby ◽  
R. Gingell ◽  
J. M. Waechter ◽  
J. H. Butala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproduction Study

This study evaluated the potential reproductive toxicity of phenol in a rat two-generation reproduction study, which included additional study endpoints, such as sperm count and motility, developmental landmarks, histological evaluation of suspect target organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, and thymus), weanling reproductive organ weights, and an immunotoxicity screening plaque assay. Phenol was administered to 30 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex/group in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 200, 1000, or 5000 ppm. Parental (P1) animals were treated for 10 weeks prior to mating, during mating, gestation, lactation, and until sacrifice. The F1 generation (P1 offspring) was treated using a similar regimen, while the F2 generation was not treated. After mating, 10 P1 males/group were evaluated using standard clinical pathology parameters and an immunotoxicity screening plaque assay. Significant reductions in water and food consumption were observed in the 5000-ppm group in both generations; corollary reductions in body weight/body weight gain were also observed. Mating performance and fertility in both generations were similar to controls, and no adverse effects on vaginal cytology or male reproductive function were observed. Vaginal opening and preputial separation were delayed in the 5000-ppm group, and were considered to be secondary to the reduction in F1 body weight. Litter survival of both generations was reduced in the 5000-ppm group. Absolute uterus and prostate weights were decreased in the F1 generation at all dose levels; however, no underlying pathology was observed and there was no functional deficit in reproductive performance. Therefore, these findings were not considered to be adverse. No evidence of immunotoxicity was noted in the 5000-ppm group. The effects noted at the high concentration were presumed to be associated with flavor aversion to phenol in the drinking water. Based on a comprehensive examination of all parameters, the no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for reproductive toxicity of phenol administered in drinking water to rats is 1000 ppm. The corresponding daily intake of phenol for an adult rat at the NOAEL of 1000 ppm is equivalent to about 70 mg/kg/day for males and 93 mg/kg/day for females.

scholarly journals Eating habits associated with body weight gain in female university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 2571-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Sprake ◽  
Jacquie Lavin ◽  
Peter Grabowski ◽  
Jean Russell ◽  
Megan Featherstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Frequent Consumption

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore factors associated with body weight gain among British university students who were members of a slimming club. Design/methodology/approach Student members of a national commercial slimming programme completed an online survey about cooking ability, weight gain, eating habits and physical activity levels. Non-parametric statistical tests and regression analysis were employed to examine factors associated with weight gain. Findings The data set comprised 272 current students. The majority of students (67 per cent) reported weight gain between 3.2 and 12.7 kg during studying in university: 20.4 per cent reported to have gained >12.7 kg. Students commonly attributed their weight gain to academic stress and nearly all identified with needing support to learn to cook on a budget. Students reporting greatest weight gain had most frequent consumption of ready meals & convenience foods, take-away & fast foods and least frequent consumption of fruits & vegetables. Weight-stable students reported lowest consumption of alcohol and were most able to cook complex meals. Students who reported greatest weight gain reported lower physical activity levels. There were inter-correlations between cooking ability and lifestyle factors. In a multivariate model, low physical activity and frequent consumption of ready meals and convenience food independently predicted weight gain. Weight gain was inversely associated with diet quality, cooking ability and physical activity with reliance on ready meals & convenience food and low physical activity particularly important. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these cross-sectional associations and to explore how the university setting may contribute to the effect. Originality/value The study adds additional perspective to understanding student weight gain at university in that it focuses on a body weight-conscious sub-group of the student population, as opposed to the general population of students.

scholarly journals Relationship between serum concentrations of leptin, soluble leptin receptor, testosterone and IGF-I, and growth during the first year of postnatal life in the male rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganapathy K Bhat ◽  
Tony M Plant ◽  
David R Mann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
First Year ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Male Rhesus

Objectives: Subnormal leptin levels in low birth weight infants may allow for catch-up growth during infancy. Scant data are available that relate growth with circulating leptin during normal infancy in primates. The current study objective was to examine the association between serum leptin, its soluble receptor (sOB-R), testosterone and IGF-I concentrations, and body weight during infancy in male rhesus monkeys. Design: Hormone levels were assessed longitudinally in animals (n = 7) from birth until 1 year of age. Results: Body weight increased during the first 6 months of life and was strongly correlated with rising IGF-I levels and, as IGF-I plateaued and then declined during the second half of the year, body weight gain decelerated. In contrast, leptin levels declined gradually with age during the first year of life in conjunction with increasing body weight. There was no association between body weight gain and serum leptin levels or between serum testosterone and leptin values. Since sOB-R levels also declined with leptin values, it does not appear that levels of bioavailable leptin changed during infancy. Conclusions: The data do not support the contention that leptin regulates growth during infancy, but the close association between IGF-I levels and body weight suggested that this hormone may regulate growth in infant male monkeys. The failure to observe an association between serum testosterone and leptin concentrations suggested that leptin is not involved in the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary –testicular axis during this developmental period.

scholarly journals The role of obesity in male fertility

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Mermer ◽  
Yasemin Akdevelioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Obesity causes many health problems as well as having negative effects on fertility. There is a multifaceted relationship between obesity and male infertility. Male fertility is associated with sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Testosterone (total and free) and gonadotropin levels were low and estrogen levels were found to be high in obese men. The decrease in androgen levels varies based on the degree of obesity. High body mass index is inversely related to total sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm morphology and number of motile sperm. Leptin and ghrelin are hormones that influence body weight regulation and eating behaviors. Serum leptin level, which is high in obese infertile men, showed a significant positive correlation with abnormal sperm morphology, serum FSH, LH, prolactin level and showed a significant negative correlation with sperm concentration, sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Further research is needed on the effects of ghrelin levels on male infertility. The relationship between obesity and erectile dysfunction can be explained by decreased testosterone levels and elevation of some proinflammatory cytokine levels. Decreased physical activity due to obesity, long-term sitting increases testicular temperature and affects sperm production negatively. There is a multifaceted relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and serum testosterone and SHBG. Diet and exercise showed improvement in testosterone levels and sperm concentration due to decreased body weight. However, studies on this subject are extremely limited. The possible effects of weight loss on successful infertility treatment of obese men should not be ignored.

Reproductive and Fertility Effects of an Extract of Andrographis paniculata in Male Wistar Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joshua Allan ◽  
Mukul P. Pore ◽  
M. Deepak ◽  
B. Murali ◽  
Anand S. Mayachari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Level

The possible effect of extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees ( A paniculata) standardized to ≥10% andrographolide, the main bioactive component, on male fertility in albino Wistar rats was evaluated, by orally administering 0, 20, 200, and 1000 mg/kg of body weight per day, for 65 days prior to mating and 21 days during mating. The treated groups showed no signs of dose-dependent toxicity. The body weight gain and feed consumption were not affected at any of the dose levels. The testosterone levels and fertility indices in treatment groups were found to be comparable with that of the control indicating no effect on fertility. Total sperm count and sperm motility were not affected. The testes and epididymides did not show any gross and histopathological changes. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level of extract of A paniculata (≥10% andrographolide) was found to be more than 1000 mg/kg per day.

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