scholarly journals Vesicle-associated protein 1: a novel ovarian immunocontraceptive target in the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nation ◽  
S Cui ◽  
L Selwood
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Exciting Potential ◽  
The Common ◽  
Immunological Research ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Ovarian-based immunological research is currently restricted to proteins of the zona pellucida. This study examined the immunocontraceptive potential of a novel vesicle-associated protein, VAP1, previously isolated from the vesicle-rich hemisphere of the brushtail possum oocyte. Seven female possums were immunized against recombinant glutathione S-transferase-VAP1 fusion protein. Control animals (n=3) received antigen-free vaccinations. Following immunization, regular blood sampling determined the level and duration of immune response. Animals were monitored daily, pre- and post-immunization, to determine estrous cycling activity and the percentage of reproductive cycles yielding viable young. The reproductive tracts and somatic organs of VAP1-immunized (n=7), control-immunized (n=3) and non-immunized (n=5) animals were collected and examined by histology and transmission electron microscopy. VAP1 immunization caused a strong and sustained immune response. Elevated levels of VAP1 antibody binding were detected in sera following initial injections, and immune titers rose as boosters were administered. Immunization had no adverse effect upon animal behavior or body condition. Immunized females demonstrated no major change in annual estrous cycling activity; however, the percentage of reproductive cycles resulting in pouch young decreased significantly (P<0.05) by 40%. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed an abundance of lipid-like degradation bodies within the ooplasm of developing oocytes and the cytoplasm of failing uterine zygotes. Active macrophage invasion of enlarged endometrial glands was observed in the uteri of two females. Reproductive tract changes are discussed in relation to observed fertility decline. The results of this study indicate that VAP1 has exciting potential as an immunocontraceptive target for possum control in New Zealand.

Effect of Contraceptive Steroids on the Endometrium of Guinea Pig: SEM study

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
Mai M. Said ◽  
Ramesh K. Nayak ◽  
Randall E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Group 1

Burgos and Wislocki described changes in the mucosa of the guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina during the estrous cycle investigated by transmission electron microscopy. More recently, Moghissi and Reame reported the effects of progestational agents on the human female reproductive tract. They found drooping and shortening of cilia in norgestrel and norethindrone- treated endometria. To the best of our knowledge, no studies concerning the effects of mestranol and norethindrone given concurrently on the three-dimensional surface features on the uterine mucosa of the guinea pig have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mestranol and norethindrone on surface ultrastructure of guinea pig uterus by SEM.Seventy eight animals were used in this study. They were allocated into two groups. Group 1 (20 animals) was injected intramuscularly 0.1 ml vegetable oil and served as controls.

Scanning Secondary Electron Microscopy of Myofibrils Using Transmission Techniques

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
M. K. Lamvik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Cellular Organelles

When observing small objects such as cellular organelles by scanning electron microscopy, it is often valuable to use the techniques of transmission electron microscopy. The common practice of mounting and coating for SEM may not always be necessary. These possibilities are illustrated using vertebrate skeletal muscle myofibrils.Micrographs for this study were made using a Hitachi HFS-2 scanning electron microscope, with photographic recording usually done at 60 seconds per frame. The instrument was operated at 25 kV, with a specimen chamber vacuum usually better than 10-7 torr. Myofibrils were obtained from rabbit back muscle using the method of Zak et al. To show the component filaments of this contractile organelle, the myofibrils were partially disrupted by agitation in a relaxing medium. A brief centrifugation was done to clear the solution of most of the undisrupted myofibrils before a drop was placed on the grid. Standard 3 mm transmission electron microscope grids covered with thin carbon films were used in this study.

scholarly journals The Koala Immune Response to Chlamydial Infection and Vaccine Development—Advancing Our Immunological Understanding

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Bonnie L Quigley ◽  
Peter Timms
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Nucleic Acid Assay ◽  
Immunological Research

Chlamydia is a significant pathogen for many species, including the much-loved Australian marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). To combat this situation, focused research has gone into the development and refinement of a chlamydial vaccine for koalas. The foundation of this process has involved characterising the immune response of koalas to both natural chlamydial infection as well as vaccination. From parallels in human and mouse research, it is well-established that an effective anti-chlamydial response will involve a balance of cell-mediated Th1 responses involving interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), humoral Th2 responses involving systemic IgG and mucosal IgA, and inflammatory Th17 responses involving interleukin 17 (IL-17) and neutrophils. Characterisation of koalas with chlamydial disease has shown increased expression within all three of these major immunological pathways and monitoring of koalas’ post-vaccination has detected further enhancements to these key pathways. These findings offer optimism that a chlamydial vaccine for wider distribution to koalas is not far off. Recent advances in marsupial genetic knowledge and general nucleic acid assay technology have moved koala immunological research a step closer to other mammalian research systems. However, koala-specific reagents to directly assay cytokine levels and cell-surface markers are still needed to progress our understanding of koala immunology.

Reproduction in the common sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous georgianus (Thomas) (Microchiroptera : Emballonuridae), in Western Australia

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Kitchener
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

The reproductive and associated organs of both male and female T. georgianus are briefly described. In females, only the right ovary is functional and pregnancies occur only in the right horn. They are monovular and the corpus luteum occupies most of the ovary and is deeply embedded in its stroma. Females are monotocous and the gestation period is probably about 4 months, young being born from October to February. They are monestrous and there is an autumn and early winter dioestrousanoestrous period. Spermatozoa are not stored in the reproductive tract of females and copulation appears to coincide with the oestrous condition. In males, spermatogenesis proceeds throughout the year and spermatozoa are present in the epididymis and vas deferens in all months that males were collected (no records for December). Spermatozoa are also found in the ampulla of Henle and vesicula seminalis in most months of the year. The position of the testes varies with season: in summer they descend to the scrota1 sacs; in autumn, winter, and spring they are more abdominal.

The Performance of British Agriculture and the Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy: An Historical Review

Rural History ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Burkitt ◽  
Mark Baimbridge
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

United Kingdom (UK) accession into the European Economic Community (EEC), which became a political likelihood in 1970 and an actuality in 1973, led to a major change in agricultural policy away from a deficiency payments system supporting farmers' incomes towards the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) method of assistance through farm prices above the market level. Such a basic alteration in government activity not only imposed well-known and thoroughly researched costs on the British economy in the form of higher food prices and an additional burden of protection, it also undermined dominant post-1945 historical trends.Firstly, it reversed a thirty year old process towards greater British self-sufficiency Between 1938 and 1946 UK agricultural production rose in value from 42% to 52% of the country's food imports, while under the deficiency payments scheme, permanently established in peacetime by the 1947 Agriculture Act, the proportion of UK food consumption supplied by domestic producers grew steadily until it reached a level of just under 72% in 1972. EEC membership, involving compulsory adoption of the CAP, initially reversed this movement; British agricultural self-sufficiency fell to 66% in 1977, the year when the Common External Tariff (CET) was first applied in full. The higher import bill that inevitably resulted imposed a severe strain on the UK balance of payments, estimated by the pro-market. Heath government in 1970 at a net annual deterioration in the range of 18% to 26%.

CP Poly(A) RNA Binding Immunity via Outside-in Glycosyltransfer with MT of BTRC-Activating L12535 and PIN1 Subnetworks for Cognition in PFC|CD14

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Qingchun Chen ◽  
Haitao Feng ◽  
Minghu Jiang ◽  
Juxiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Abstract Background: Ras suppressor protein 1 (L12535) and peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) common molecular and knowledge subnetworks containing microtubule associated protein 1B-MAP1B_1 (upstream) related to cognition by references were identified in human left hemisphere, based on our established significant high expression beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (BTRC)-activating downstream Gene (protein) reconstruction network inference (GRNInfer) and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).Results: Our results show the common molecules exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 2 (EXTL2) interaction with MAP1B_1 both activating TERF1_1 with HSP90AB1 from BTRC-activating downstream GRNInfer database; The common biological process and molecular function of MAP1B_1, TERF1_1 as microtubule (MT) binding; HSP90AB1 as poly(A) RNA binding; BTRC, HSP90AB1, PIN1 as innate immune response from BTRC-activating downstream DAVID database; The common cellular component of EXTL2 at integral component of membrane; MAP1B_1, HSP90AB1, TERF1_1 at cytoplasm (CP); The common tissue distributions of L12535 and PIN1 in Prefrontal Cortex (PFC), PB cluster of differentiation (CD)14+Monocytes.Conclusions: We propose and mutual positively verify CP poly(A) RNA binding immunity via outside-in glycosyltransfer with MT of BTRC-activating L12535 and PIN1 subnetworks for cognition in PFC|CD14.

scholarly journals Diverse and Unexpected Roles of Human Monocytes/Macrophages in the Immune Response to Influenza Virus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
The Common ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Human monocytes/macrophages play a central role in the immune response and defense of the host from influenza virus infection. They classically act as antigen-presenting cells for lymphocytes in the context of an immune cell cluster. In that setting, however, monocytes/macrophages exhibit additional, unexpected, roles. They are required for influenza virus infection of the lymphocytes in the cluster, and they are responsible for lymphocyte apoptosis via their synthesis and expression of the viral neuraminidase. Surprisingly, human alveolar macrophages, expected to be among the first cells to encounter the virus, are not susceptible to direct infection by a human influenza virus but can be infected when the virus is complexed with an antibody. Such monocyte/macrophage responses to influenza virus challenge should be considered part of a very complex but quite effective defense, since the common outcome is recovery of the host with development of immunity to the challenging strain of virus.

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