scholarly journals Germ cell-less like-2 protein is a new component of outer dense fibers in rat sperm flagella

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Murayama ◽  
Michiko Katoh ◽  
Akina Kanebayashi ◽  
Takane Kaneko ◽  
Yosaburo Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Testis Development ◽  
Outer Dense Fibers

We have analyzed the expression profiles of ten genes in terms of testis development and organ specificity in rat, which were selected from 215 round spermatid-specific transcripts listed in a database. Out of the ten genes, we directed our attention to one gene, a germ cell-less like-2 gene (gcl-2), a homolog ofDrosophilagcl gene (gcl), which is a component of the germ plasma and required for primordial germ cell formation. Rat genome contains duplicate rat gcl-2 (rgcl-2) genes,rgcl-2Aandrgcl-2B, both of which are located at Xq13. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of the two genes was up-regulated during testis development and that they were predominantly expressed in the testis. Bothrgcl-2Aandrgcl-2Bencode a protein of 498 amino acid residues, showing 90.56% identity at the amino acid level. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that rgcl-2 protein was synthesized in the cytoplasm of elongating spermatids and at least a part of it was integrated into the middle piece of spermatozoa during spermiogenesis. Immunogold electron microscopy uncovered that rgcl-2 was localized at the abaxial (convex) surface of outer dense fibers (ODF) of rat sperm flagella. Therefore, we concluded that rgcl-2 is a new component of ODF in sperm flagella.

Solea senegalensis vasa transcripts: molecular characterisation, tissue distribution and developmental expression profiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Pacchiarini ◽  
Ismael Cross ◽  
Ricardo B. Leite ◽  
Paulo Gavaia ◽  
Juan B. Ortiz-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Vasa Gene ◽  
Germinal Cells

The Vasa protein is an RNA helicase belonging the DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box family. The crucial role played by the vasa gene in the germ-cell lineage of both vertebrates and invertebrates has made this gene a useful molecular marker for germinal cells and a useful tool in surrogate broodstock production using primordial germ cell transplantation. With the aim of establishing a novel approach to improving Solea senegalensis broodstock management, the vasa gene in this species was characterised. Four S. senegalensis vasa transcripts were isolated: Ssvasa1, Ssvasa2, Ssvasa3 and Ssvasa4. Their phylogenetic relationship with other vasa homologues was determined confirming the high degree of conservation of this helicase throughout evolution. Our qPCR results showed that S. senegalensis vasa transcripts are prevalently expressed in gonads, with ovary-specific expression for Ssvasa3 and Ssvasa4. During embryonic and larval development, a switch between the longest and the shortest transcripts was observed. While Ssvasa1 and Ssvasa2 were maternally supplied, Ssvasa3 and Ssvasa4 depended on the de novo expression program of the growing juveniles, suggesting that vasa mRNA could be involved in Senegalese sole gonad differentiation. In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemical analysis performed in 150-days after hatching (DAH) larvae showed vasa product expression in the germinal region of early gonads. In our work we demonstrated the usefulness of Ssvasa mRNAs as molecular markers for primordial germ cells and germinal cells during embryonic development, larval ontogenesis and gonad differentiation. Furthermore, our results confirmed the potential of vasa to help investigate germinal cell biotechnology for Senegalese sole reproduction.

scholarly journals Comparison of the MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Male and Female Avian Primordial Germ Cell Lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Lázár ◽  
Mahek Anand ◽  
Roland Tóth ◽  
Eszter Patakiné Várkonyi ◽  
Krisztina Liptói ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of adult germ cells, and among the embryonic stem-like cells in the bird embryo, only they can transmit the genetic information to the next generation. Despite the wide range of applications, very little is known about the mechanism that governs primordial germ cell self-renewal and differentiation. As a first step, we compared 12 newly established chicken PGC lines derived from two different chicken breeds, performing CCK-8 proliferation assay. All of the lines were derived from individual embryos. A significant difference was found among the lines. As microRNAs have been proved to play a key role in the maintenance of pluripotency and the cell cycle regulation of stem cells, we continued with a complex miRNA analysis. We could discover miRNAs expressing differently in PGC lines with high proliferation rate, compared to PGC lines with low proliferation rate. We found that gga-miR-2127 expresses differently in female and male cell lines. The microarray analysis also revealed high expression level of the gga-miR-302b-3p strand (member of the miR-302/367 cluster) in slowly proliferating PGC lines compared to the gga-miR-302b-5p strand. We confirmed that the inhibition of miR-302b-5p significantly increases the doubling time of the examined PGC lines. In conclusion, we found that gga-miR-181-5p, gga-miR-2127, and members of the gga-miR-302/367 cluster have a dominant role in the regulation of avian primordial germ cell proliferation.

scholarly journals Comparative functional genomics analysis of cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in wheat and maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
YiXuan Li ◽  
Kaifa Wei
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Preferential Expression

Abstract Background: The cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) as the largest enzyme family of plant metabolism participate in various physiological processes, whereas no study has demonstrated interest in comprehensive comparison of the genes in wheat and maize. Genome-wide survey, characterization and comparison of wheat and maize CYP450 gene superfamily are useful for genetic manipulation of the Gramineae crops.Results: In total, 1285 and 263 full-length CYP450s were identified in wheat and maize, respectively. According to standard nomenclature, wheat CYP450s (TaCYP450s) were categorized into 45 families, while maize CYP450s (ZmCYP450s) into 43 families. A comprehensive analysis of wheat and maize CYP450s, involved in functional domains, conserved motifs, phylogeny, gene structures, chromosome locations and duplicated events was performed. The result showed that each family/subfamily in both species exhibited characteristic features, suggesting their phylogenetic relationship and the potential divergence in their functions. Functional divergence analysis at the amino acid level of representative clans CYP51, CYP74 and CYP97 in wheat, maize and rice identified some critical amino acid sites that are responsible for functional divergence of a gene family. Expression profiles of Ta-, ZmCYP450s were investigated using RNA-seq data, which contribute to infer the potential functions of the genes during development and stress responses. We found in both species CYP450s had preferential expression in specific tissues, and many tissue-specific genes were identified. Under water-deficit condition, 82 and 39 significantly differentially expressed CYP450s were respectively detected in wheat and maize. These genes may have some role in protecting plants against drought damage. Thereinto, fourteen CYP450s were selected to validate their expression level through qRT-PCR. To further elucidating molecular mechanisms of CYP450 action, gene co-expression network was constructed. In total, 477 TaCYP450s were distributed in 22 co-expression modules, and some co-expressed genes that likely take part in the same biochemical pathway were identified. For instance, the expression of TaCYP74A98_4D was highly correlated with TaLOX9, TaLOX36, TaLOX39, TaLOX44 and TaOPR8, and all of them may be involved in jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. TaCYP73A201_3A showed coexpression with TaPAL1.25, TaCCoAOMT1.2, TaCOMT.1, TaCCR1.6 and TaLAC5, which probably act in the wheat stem and/or root lignin synthesis pathway. Conclusion: Our study first established systematic information about evolutionary relationship, expression pattern and function characterization of CYP450s in wheat and maize.

scholarly journals Comparative functional genomics analysis of cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in wheat and maize

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
kaifa wei ◽  
YiXuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Specific Expression

Abstract The cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) as the largest enzyme family of plant metabolism participate in various physiological processes, whereas no study has demonstrated interest in comprehensive comparison of the genes in wheat and maize. Genome-wide survey, characterization and comparison of wheat and maize CYP450 gene superfamily are useful for genetic manipulation of the Gramineae crops. Results In total, 1285 and 263 full-length CYP450s were identified in wheat and maize, respectively. According to standard nomenclature, wheat CYP450s (TaCYP450s) were categorized into 45 families, while maize CYP450s (ZmCYP450s) into 43 families. Of maize CYP450s, there are 108 duplicated gene pairs and 134 genes had their syntenic counterparts in rice genome, and a total of 140 duplication events were predicted in wheat CYP450s. Functional divergence analysis at the amino acid level of representative clans CYP51, CYP74 and CYP97 in wheat, maize and rice identified some critical amino acid sites that are responsible for functional divergence of a gene family. Expression profiles of Ta-, ZmCYP450s were investigated using RNA-seq data, and we found the majority of them showed tissue-specific expression patterns such as TaCYP51H39_5B in root; TaCYP74A98_4A in leaf at cotyledon emergence stage (LCE); TaCYP71C162_5A in fruit at whole plant fruit ripening stage (FR); ZmCYP707A5 in root; ZmCYP76B18 in tassel; ZmCYP78A130 in embryo. Under water-deficit condition, 82 and 39 significantly differentially expressed CYP450s were respectively detected in wheat and maize like TaCYP71Y18_1D, TaCYP707A5_6A, TaCYP71R11_1A, TaCYP97B4_6D, ZmCYP81N4, ZmCYP81A1 and ZmCYP71C62, of which TaCYP71Y18_1D and ZmCYP81N4 were the genes most highly induced by drought treatment. Fourteen CYP450s were selected to validate their expression level through qRT-PCR. In total, 477 TaCYP450s were distributed in 22 co-expression modules, and some co-expressed genes that likely take part in the same biochemical pathway were identified. For instance, the expression of TaCYP74A98_4D was highly correlated with TaLOX9, TaLOX36, TaLOX39, TaLOX44 and TaOPR8, and all of them may be involved in jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. TaCYP73A201_3A showed coexpression with TaPAL1.25, TaCCoAOMT1.2, TaCOMT.1, TaCCR1.6 and TaLAC5, which probably act in the wheat stem and/or root lignin synthesis pathway.

scholarly journals AYAM LEHER GUNDUL: SEJARAH, KARAKTERISTIK, DAN KONSERVASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Kostaman T.
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell

Ayam leher gundul adalah ayam asli/lokal Indonesia yang belum banyak diketahui informasinya dalam halsejarah, potensi, dan karakteristik; sehingga belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Ciri yang paling menonjoldari ayam leher gundul adalah tidak mempunyai bulu dibagian lehernya. Untuk mempertahankannya, metode konservasi yang telah dilakukan oleh Balai Penelitian Ternak (Balitnak) adalah dengan memelihara ternak hidup, akan tetapi dengan keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana tidak dapat dilanjutkan. Data performan ayam leher gundul yang dipelihara di Balitnak sudah terkumpul dan ditabulasi. Alternatif konservasi yang dilakukan oleh Balitnak untuk mempertahankan plasma nutfah ayam leher gundul adalah berupa primordial germ cell (PGC) yang dibekukan pada suhu -196 oC yang sewaktu-waktu dibutuhkan dapat ditransfer ke embrio resipien. Sumber PGC yang di koleksi adalah dari darah dan gonad embrio. Berdasarkan potensi yang dimilikinya, ayam leher gundul memiliki performan yang baik, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai ayam lokal penghasil daging dan telur. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai data pendukung bagi upaya pelestarian dan pengembangan ayam-ayam lokal yang ada di Indonesia, khususnya ayam leher gundul dan umumnya ayam-ayam lokal Indonesia lainnya.

Developmental stages, incubation temperature, and in vivo traceability of primordial germ cell in an important aquaculture species Piaractus mesopotamicus

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 736381
Author(s):  
Geovanna Carla Zacheo Coelho ◽  
Dilberto Ribeiro Arashiro ◽  
Tamiris Disselli ◽  
Matheus Pereira-Santos ◽  
Tatiana María Mira-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus
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