scholarly journals Postnatal uterine development in Inverdale ewe lambs

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Hayashi ◽  
Anne R O'Connell ◽  
Jennifer L Juengel ◽  
Ken P McNatty ◽  
George H Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Endometrial Gland ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Uterine Development

Postnatal development of the uterus involves, particularly, development of uterine glands. Studies with ovariectomized ewe lambs demonstrated a role for ovaries in uterine growth and endometrial gland development between postnatal days (PNDs) 14 and 56. The uterotrophic ovarian factor(s) is presumably derived from the large numbers of growing follicles in the neonatal ovary present after PND 14. The Inverdale gene mutation (FecXI) results in an increased ovulation rate in heterozygous ewes; however, homozygous ewes (II) are infertile and have ‘streak’ ovaries that lack normal developing of preantral and antral follicles. Uteri were obtained on PND 56 to determine whether postnatal uterine development differs between wild-type (++) and II Inverdale ewes. When compared with wild-type ewes, uterine weight of II ewes was 52% lower, and uterine horn length tended to be shorter, resulting in a 68% reduction in uterine weight:length ratio in II ewes. Histomorphometrical analyses determined that endometria and myometria of II ewes were thinner and intercaruncular endometrium contained 38% fewer endometrial glands. Concentrations of estradiol in the neonatal ewes were low and not different between ++ and II ewes, but II ewes had lower concentrations of testosterone and inhibin-α between PNDs 14 and 56. Receptors for androgen and activin were detected in the neonatal uteri of both ++ and II ewes. These results support the concept that developing preantral and/or antral follicles of the ovary secrete uterotrophic factors, perhaps testosterone or inhibin-α, that acts in an endocrine manner to stimulate uterine growth and endometrial gland development in the neonatal ewes.

scholarly journals Subfertile Female Androgen Receptor Knockout Mice Exhibit Defects in Neuroendocrine Signaling, Intraovarian Function, and Uterine Development But Not Uterine Function

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 3274-3282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Walters ◽  
K. J. McTavish ◽  
M. G. Seneviratne ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
A. C. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Uterine Function ◽  
Uterine Development

Female androgen receptor (AR) knockout mice (AR−/−) generated by an in-frame Ar exon 3 deletion are subfertile, but the mechanism is not clearly defined. To distinguish between extra- and intraovarian defects, reciprocal ovarian transplants were undertaken. Ovariectomized AR−/− hosts with wild-type (AR+/+) ovary transplants displayed abnormal estrus cycles, with longer cycles (50%, P < 0.05), and 66% were infertile (P < 0.05), whereas AR+/+ hosts with either AR−/− or surgical control AR+/+ ovary transplants displayed normal estrus cycles and fertility. These data imply a neuroendocrine defect, which is further supported by increased FSH (P <0.05) and estradiol (P <0.05), and greater LH suppressibility by estradiol in AR−/− females at estrus (P <0.05). Additional intraovarian defects were observed by the finding that both experimental transplant groups exhibited significantly reduced pups per litter (P < 0.05) and corpora lutea numbers (P < 0.05) compared with surgical controls. All groups exhibited normal uterine and lactation functions. AR−/− uteri were morphologically different from AR+/+ with an increase in horn length (P < 0.01) but a reduction in uterine diameter (P < 0.05), total uterine area (P < 0.05), endometrial area (P < 0.05), and myometrial area (P < 0.01) at diestrus, indicating a role for AR in uterine growth and development. Both experimental transplant groups displayed a significant reduction in uterine diameter (P < 0.01) compared with transplanted wild-type controls, indicating a role for both AR-mediated intraovarian and intrauterine influences on uterine physiology. In conclusion, these data provide direct evidence that extraovarian neuroendocrine, but not uterine effects, as well as local intraovarian AR-mediated actions are important in maintaining female fertility, and a disruption of AR signaling leads to altered uterine development.

scholarly journals Beyond the brain-Peripheral kisspeptin signaling is essential for promoting endometrial gland development and function

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia León ◽  
Daniela Fernandois ◽  
Alexandra Sull ◽  
Judith Sull ◽  
Michele Calder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Endometrial Gland ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Gnrh Neurons ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Genetically Modified Mice ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Uterine growth and endometrial gland formation (adenogenesis) and function, are essential for fertility and are controlled by estrogens and other regulators, whose nature and physiological relevance are yet to be elucidated. Kisspeptin, which signals via Kiss1r, is essential for fertility, primarily through its central control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, but also likely through peripheral actions. Using genetically modified mice, we addressed the contributions of central and peripheral kisspeptin signaling in regulating uterine growth and adenogenesis. Global ablation of Kiss1 or Kiss1r dramatically suppressed uterine growth and almost fully prevented adenogenesis. However, while uterine growth was fully rescued by E2 treatment of Kiss1 −/− mice and by genetic restoration of kisspeptin signaling in GnRH neurons in Kiss1r −/− mice, functional adenogenesis was only marginally restored. Thus, while uterine growth is largely dependent on ovarian E2-output via central kisspeptin signaling, peripheral kisspeptin signaling is indispensable for endometrial adenogenesis and function, essential aspects of reproductive competence.

Oocyte and ovary morphological observation of gray wolf (Canis lupus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Xu-Guang Liu ◽  
Zhi-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Yun-Hai Zhang ◽  
Yun-Sheng Li ◽  
Fu-Gui Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe present study was carried out to describe the reproductive system of a single adult female wolf, including the uterine horns, cervix, ovaries and follicles. The cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) and oocytes were also examined. The results showed that the size of each ovary was about 9 × 6 mm with an average of weight of 461.3 mg. The uterus was Y-shaped, and the length of each uterine horn was 14 cm. The distance from the cervix to the bifurcation of the uterine horns was also 14 cm. The left ovary had two large follicles on the surface with a diameter more than 4 mm, while the right ovary had no protuberant follicles. The ovaries were covered with a lot of fat, and were well developed. The COCs derived from the antral follicles were dark, and the nuded oocytes had a dark cytoplasm. The diameter of the oocytes removed from the antral follicles was 116.8 μm on average. The ovaries had a smooth surface and all the follicles were under the surface except for two big follicles on the left ovary. Histological examination of the ovaries by haematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that the primordial, primary, preantral and antral follicles were scattered in the cortex, the medulla was abundant with blood vessels. This study preliminarily reveals the features of the wolf reproductive system and the structure of its oocytes and ovaries, which might be indicative for further study and the protection of the species.

Reduced uterine tissue damage during Chlamydia muridarum infection in TREM-1,3 deficient mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan E. McQueen ◽  
Avinash Kollipara ◽  
Clare E. Gyorke ◽  
Charles W. Andrews ◽  
Ashley Ezzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Chlamydia Muridarum ◽  
Uterine Glands

Genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to uterine and oviduct tissue damage in the female reproductive tract. Neutrophils are strongly associated with tissue damage during chlamydial infection, while an adaptive CD4 T cell response is necessary to combat infection. Activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) on neutrophils has previously been shown to induce and/or enhance degranulation synergistically with TLR-signaling. Additionally, TREM-1 can promote neutrophil transepithelial migration. In this study, we sought to determine the contribution of TREM-1,3 in immunopathology in the female mouse genital tract during Chlamydia muridarum infection. Relative to control mice, trem1,3 -/- mice had no difference in chlamydial burden or duration of lower genital tract infection. We also observed a similar incidence of oviduct hydrosalpinx 45 days post-infection in trem1,3 -/- compared to WT mice. However, compared to WT, trem1,3 -/- mice developed significantly fewer uterine horn hydrometra. Early in infection, trem1,3 -/- mice displayed a notable decrease in the number of uterine glands containing polymorphonuclear cells and uterine horn lumens had fewer neutrophils, with increased G-CSF. Trem1,3 -/- mice also had reduced erosion of the luminal epithelium. These data indicate TREM-1,3 contributes to transepithelial neutrophil migration in the uterus and uterine glands, promoting the development of uterine hydrometra in infected mice.

A Dictystelium mutant with defective aggregate size determination

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 2569-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Brock ◽  
G. Buczynski ◽  
T.P. Spann ◽  
S.A. Wood ◽  
J. Cardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Cytosolic Protein ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cell Fractions

Starved Dictyostelium cells aggregate into groups of roughly 10(5) cells. We have identified a gene which, when repressed by antisense transformation or homologous recombination, causes starved cells to form large numbers of small aggregates. We call the gene smlA for small aggregates. A roughly 1.0 kb smlA mRNA is expressed in vegetative and early developing cells, and the mRNA level then decreases at about 10 hours of development. The sequence of the cDNA and the derived amino acid sequence of the SmlA protein show no significant similarity to any known sequence. There are no obvious motifs in the protein or large regions of hydrophobicity or charge. Immunofluorescence and staining of Western blots of cell fractions indicates that SmlA is a 35x10(3) Mr cytosolic protein present in all vegetative and developing cells and is absent from smlA cells. The absence of SmlA does not affect the growth rate, cell cycle, motility, differentiation, or developmental speed of cells. Synergy experiments indicate that mixing 5% smlA cells with wild-type cells will cause the wild-type cells to form smaller fruiting bodies and aggregates. Although there is no detectable SmlA protein secreted from cells, starvation medium conditioned by smlA cells will cause wild-type cells to form large numbers of small aggregates. The component in the smlA-conditioned media that affects aggregate size is a molecule with a molecular mass greater than 100x10(3) Mr that is not conditioned media factor, phosphodiesterase or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The data thus suggest that the cytosolic protein SmlA regulates the secretion or processing of a secreted factor that regulates aggregate size.

scholarly journals The influence of postnatal nutrition on reproductive tract and endometrial gland development in dairy calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 3243-3256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Wilson ◽  
Sarah R. McCoski ◽  
Adam J. Geiger ◽  
R. Michael Akers ◽  
Sally E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Endometrial Gland ◽  
Gland Development

POSTNATAL UTERINE DEVELOPMENT IN INVERDALE EWE LAMBS

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Kanako Hayashi ◽  
Anne O'Connell ◽  
Jenny Juengel ◽  
Ken McNatty ◽  
George Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Uterine Development

scholarly journals Allorestricted cytotoxic T cells. Large numbers of allo-H-2Kb-restricted antihapten and antiviral cytotoxic T cell populations clonally develop in vitro from murine splenic precursor T cells.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 592-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Reimann ◽  
D Kabelitz ◽  
K Heeg ◽  
H Wagner
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Simplex Virus

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses of splenic T cells from C57BL/6 B6) mice and mutant H-2Kbm1 (bm1) mice to haptenic (trinitrophenyl [TNP] ) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) determinants in the context of an allogenic (wild-type or mutant) H-2Kb molecule were analyzed in a modified limiting dilution system. In the B6-anti-bm1TNP mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), estimated frequencies for precursors of CTL clones that lysed bm1TNP targets ranged from 1/120 to 1/400; in the bm1-anti-B6TNP MLR, estimated frequencies of precursors of CTL clones that lysed B6TNP targets ranged from 1/500 to 1/1,300. Estimated frequencies for precursors of CTL clones that lysed the respective unmodified and TNP-modified allogeneic targets were two- to three-fold lower. Lytic specificity patterns determined by split-well analysis showed that at least 20-30% of the generated CTL populations (selected for a high probability of clonality) in both MLR displayed allorestricted lysis of TNP-modified concanavalin A blast targets. In the B6-anti-bm1HSV MLR, estimated frequencies for precursors of CTL clones that lysed bm1HSV targets ranged from 1/70 to 1/300; in the bm1-anti-B6HSV MLR, estimated frequencies for precursors of CTL clones that lysed B6HSV targets ranged from 1/300 to 1/1,200. Again, estimated frequencies for precursors of CTL clones that lysed the respective noninfected and virus-infected allogeneic targets were two- to fourfold lower. Of the CTL populations selected for a high probability of clonality at least 30-60% displayed allorestricted lysis of virus-infected lipopolysaccharide blast targets in both MLR. It is concluded that a large fraction of clonally developing CTL populations stimulated with TNP-modified or HSV-infected allo-H-2Kb-bearing cells displayed an allorestricted pattern of recognition. It was further evident that the estimated frequencies of splenic precursors that generated allorestricted CTL clones was two- to threefold higher than the estimated frequencies of precursors that gave rise to the respective alloreactive CTL populations.

scholarly journals dprandsodin Streptococcus mutans Are Involved in Coexistence with S. sanguinis, and PerR Is Associated with Resistance to H2O2

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1436-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Fujishima ◽  
Miki Kawada-Matsuo ◽  
Yuichi Oogai ◽  
Masayuki Tokuda ◽  
Mitsuo Torii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cariogenic Bacterium ◽  
Population Ratio

ABSTRACTLarge numbers of bacteria coexist in the oral cavity.Streptococcus sanguinis, one of the major bacteria in dental plaque, produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which interferes with the growth of other bacteria.Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium, can coexist withS. sanguinisin dental plaque, but to do so, it needs a means of detoxifying the H2O2produced byS. sanguinis. In this study, we investigated the association of three oxidative stress factors, Dpr, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and AhpCF, with the resistance ofS. sanguinisto H2O2. The knockout ofdprandsodsignificantly increased susceptibility to H2O2, while the knockout ofahpCFhad no apparent effect on susceptibility. In particular,dprinactivation resulted in hypersensitivity to H2O2. Next, we sought to identify the factor(s) involved in the regulation of these oxidative stress genes and found that PerR negatively regulateddprexpression. The knockout ofperRcaused increaseddprexpression levels, resulting in low-level susceptibility to H2O2compared with the wild type. Furthermore, we evaluated the roles ofperR,dpr, andsodwhenS. mutanswas cocultured withS. sanguinis. Culturing of thedprorsodmutant withS. sanguinisshowed a significant decrease in theS. mutanspopulation ratio compared with the wild type, while theperRmutant increased the ratio. Our results suggest thatdprandsodinS. mutansare involved in coexistence withS. sanguinis, and PerR is associated with resistance to H2O2in regulating the expression of Dpr.

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