scholarly journals Counting sperm does not add up any more: time for a new equation?

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lefièvre ◽  
Kweku Bedu-Addo ◽  
Sarah J Conner ◽  
Gisela S M Machado-Oliveira ◽  
Yongjian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
New Equation ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

Although sperm dysfunction is the single most common cause of infertility, we have poor methods of diagnosis and surprisingly no effective treatment (excluding assisted reproductive technology). In this review, we challenge the usefulness of a basic semen analysis and argue that a new paradigm is required immediately. We discuss the use of at-home screening to potentially improve the diagnosis of the male and to streamline the management of the sub-fertile couple. Additionally, we outline the recent progress in the field, for example, in proteomics, which will allow the development of new biomarkers of sperm function. This new knowledge will transform our understanding of the spermatozoon as a machine and is likely to lead to non-ART treatments for men with sperm dysfunction.

scholarly journals Male Infertility is a Women’s Health Issue—Research and Clinical Evaluation of Male Infertility Is Needed

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina A. Turner ◽  
Amarnath Rambhatla ◽  
Samantha Schon ◽  
Ashok Agarwal ◽  
Stephen A. Krawetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Unexplained Infertility ◽  
Treatment Burden ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Natural Conception ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

Infertility is a devastating experience for both partners as they try to conceive. Historically, when a couple could not conceive, the woman has carried the stigma of infertility; however, men and women are just as likely to contribute to the couple’s infertility. With the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART), the treatment burden for male and unexplained infertility has fallen mainly on women. Equalizing this burden requires reviving research on male infertility to both improve treatment options and enable natural conception. Despite many scientific efforts, infertility in men due to sperm dysfunction is mainly diagnosed by a semen analysis. The semen analysis is limited as it only examines general sperm properties such as concentration, motility, and morphology. A diagnosis of male infertility rarely includes an assessment of internal sperm components such as DNA, which is well documented to have an impact on infertility, or other components such as RNA and centrioles, which are beginning to be adopted. Assessment of these components is not typically included in current diagnostic testing because available treatments are limited. Recent research has expanded our understanding of sperm biology and suggests that these components may also contribute to the failure to achieve pregnancy. Understanding the sperm’s internal components, and how they contribute to male infertility, would provide avenues for new therapies that are based on treating men directly for male infertility, which may enable less invasive treatments and even natural conception.

scholarly journals Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: state of the art in humans

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. F93-F110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Palermo ◽  
C L O’Neill ◽  
S Chow ◽  
S Cheung ◽  
A Parrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Male Factor Infertility ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
The Impact

Among infertile couples, 25% involve both male and female factors, while male factor alone accounts for another 25% due to oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia, a combination of the three, or even a complete absence of sperm cells in the ejaculate and can lead to a poor prognosis even with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been with us now for a quarter of a century and in spite of the controversy generated since its inception, it remains in the forefront of the techniques utilized in ART. The development of ICSI in 1992 has drastically decreased the impact of male factor, resulting in millions of pregnancies worldwide for couples who, without ICSI, would have had little chance of having their own biological child. This review focuses on the state of the art of ICSI regarding utility of bioassays that evaluate male factor infertility beyond the standard semen analysis and describes the current application and advances in regard to ICSI, particularly the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of spermatozoa and their impact on reproductive outcome.

Relationship Between Hyperviscosity and Sex Hormone in Azoospermia and Oligozoospermia Patients Compares with The Control Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 637-639
Author(s):  
Hayder L F AL-Msaid ◽  
H A Waleed ◽  
Alaauldeen S M AL-Sallami
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction

Background: Seminal fluid is important factor for successful fertility, Sperm dysfunction is the most common cause of male infertility. Aim of study: To compare the sex hormone in patient with azoospermia, Oligozoospermia and Normospermia fertile men as a control To find out the causes of semen viscosity. Patients and methods: Data analysis from azoospermia patient (n = 35) and Oligozoospermia (n = 35) and Normospermia fertile men as a control (n = 13). Results: The results of this study revealed significant reduction (p andGLT;0.05) semen was reduced in azoospermia infertile patient (mean ± Std. Error 0.76 ± 0.21 also reduced in Oligozoospermia 0.71 ± 0.23 while showed no significant FSH and LH level between azoospermia and Oligozoospermia compare with Normospermia fertile men. Conclusion: The viscosity in semen has a strong relationship with low sperm counts is an important factor with sex hormones therefore it is the cause affecting the motile spermatozoa.

scholarly journals Sperm Cohort-Specific Zinc Signature Acquisition and Capacitation-Induced Zinc Flux Regulate Sperm-Oviduct and Sperm-Zona Pellucida Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Kerns ◽  
Momal Sharif ◽  
Michal Zigo ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Lauren E. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Sperm Penetration

Building on our recent discovery of the zinc signature phenomenon present in boar, bull, and human spermatozoa, we have further characterized the role of zinc ions in the spermatozoa’s pathway to fertilization. In boar, the zinc signature differed between the three major boar ejaculate fractions, the initial pre-rich, the sperm-rich, and the post-sperm-rich fraction. These differences set in the sperm ejaculatory sequence establish two major sperm cohorts with marked differences in their sperm capacitation progress. On the subcellular level, we show that the capacitation-induced Zn-ion efflux allows for sperm release from oviductal glycans as analyzed with the oviductal epithelium mimicking glycan binding assay. Sperm zinc efflux also activates zinc-containing enzymes and proteases involved in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida, such as the inner acrosomal membrane matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Both MMP2 and the 26S proteasome showed severely reduced activity in the presence of zinc ions, through studies using by gel zymography and the fluorogenic substrates, respectively. In the context of the fertilization-induced oocyte zinc spark and the ensuing oocyte-issued polyspermy-blocking zinc shield, the inhibitory effect of zinc on sperm-borne enzymes may contribute to the fast block of polyspermy. Altogether, our findings establish a new paradigm on the role of zinc ions in sperm function and pave the way for the optimization of animal semen analysis, artificial insemination (AI), and human male-factor infertility diagnostics.

An evaluation of semen analysis and in-vitro tests of sperm function in the prediction of the outcome of intrauterine AIH

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia N. Bolton ◽  
Peter R. Braude ◽  
Kim Ockenden ◽  
Simon K. Marsh ◽  
Gregory Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Sperm Function

scholarly journals Adherence to WHO 2010 Recommendations in Relation to Semen Analysis Reports in the Laboratories of West Bengal

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Sujoy Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Better Than

Background: In 2010, The World Health Organization (WHO) suggested the standards of reporting of semen analysis and the reference values. We tried to determine the adherence to the WHO 2010 standard regarding semen analysis among the laboratories of West Bengal. Methods: An observational study was carried out by collecting the semen analysis reports from different laboratories. Compliance with the WHO 2010 recommendations regarding the reporting of semen analysis and references mentioned was subsequently analyzed. Results: A total of 211 laboratory reports were collected; of which 15 were ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology)-laboratories (7%) and 196 were non-ART-laboratories (93%). More than half of the laboratories did not mention any reference values. Only 7.5% used the phrase “WHO 2010” as the reference. Only 3% of the laboratories reported all the six “important” parameters (volume, pH, sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality) and used the WHO 2010 references for all of them. The ART laboratories performed significantly better than their non-ART counterparts in reporting and quoting the WHO 2010 reference values. Conclusion: Even nine years after its introduction, the compliance with the WHO 2010 recommendations on semen analysis was still low among our laboratories. There is need for increased awareness for the laboratory persons in this regard.

scholarly journals Relevansi Pemikiran Thomas Khun Terhadap Penerapan Ijma’

Aqlania ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Mamnunah Mamnunah ◽  
Sufyan Sauri
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Science

Thomas Khun's famous thought is about the paradigm, in which Khun states that all knowledge possessed by a person must be based on a paradigm that is believed. If there is a new thing that cannot be solved by this paradigm, then it happens that Thomas Khun is called the scientific revolution. Thomas Khun's thoughts on the Ilmiyah Revolution have concepts and characteristics of thinking and new philosophical models that lead to new knowledge. It is in this phase that Thomas Kuhn calls it the historical phase of the birth of new knowledge, which starts with normal science, then anomalies and crises occur, after which a scientific revolution emerges as a form of birth of new knowledge. If examined more deeply, then Thomas Kuhn's thought has relevance to Islamic science, especially in the application of sources of Islamic laws, namely the application of ijma ', which is the paradigm that is possessed by Muslims in carrying out amaliyah and ubudiyah certainly based on the Qur'an and hadith , this is what Kuhn called normal science. However, when there are problems in daily life in matters of ubudiyah and amaliyah for Muslims who do not have texts or texts in the Koran and hadiths then from here anomaly and crisis will occur which will result in much debate among the scholars before obtaining a solution from the problems faced by Muslims, and then they do ijma 'which after the ijma results' have been obtained then there is the so-called scientific revolution, which reflects the shift of the paradigm of the Muslims from the old to the new paradigm, in the sense of where the Muslims in run amaliyah ubudiyah if there is no text or text in the alqu'an they will look for it in ijma 'ulama that has been done.

scholarly journals One day is better than four days of ejaculatory abstinence for sperm function

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatima Kazue Okada ◽  
Rhayza Roberta Andretta ◽  
Deborah Montagnini Spaine
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oxidative Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Two Samples

According to the World Health Organization guidelines, ejaculatory abstinence (EA) of 2–7 days is recommended for semen analysis. This study aimed to determine how seminal quality may be affected by two EA periods from the same man. Seminal samples from 65 men were evaluated by conventional semen analysis and qualitative characteristics after 1 and 4 days of EA (two samples/man). The semen was qualitatively analyzed by examining oxidative activity (intracellular and seminal plasma), sperm function (acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and nuclear DNA integrity), and epididymal function. As expected, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed a decrease in volume and sperm total number compared to samples collected after 4 days of EA. The sperm motility of the samples collected after 1 day of EA was better compared to samples collected after 4 days of EA. Oxidative activity measured was lower after 1 day of EA compared with those measured after 4 days of EA. With regards to sperm function, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed an increase in acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and nuclear DNA integrity compared with samples collected after 4 days of EA. Epididymal function showed no difference between the two-time points. Although samples collected after 4 days of EA showed better results for sperm quantity, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed better qualitative results, including motility, oxidative activity, and sperm function. Thus, it can be concluded that sperm storage at the epididymal tail may make spermatozoa more susceptible to oxidative damage. Lay summary According to the World Health Organization guidelines, stopping ejaculation for 2 to 7 days is recommended before sperm collection for semen analysis. However, the evidence that supports these recommendations is limited. Our study aimed to compare how sperm quality was affected in samples collected after stopping ejaculation for 1 day and 4 days (two samples per man) in a total of 65 men. Although sample collection after stopping ejaculation for 4 days showed better semen quantity (volume and sperm concentration), sample collection after stopping ejaculation for 1 day showed better sperm motility and function. If not ejaculated, sperm are stored in the epididymis tail located in the scrotum beside the testicles and our study suggests that longer sperm storage may damage sperm quality. The results from this study may be used to inform guidance for sperm collection for use in assisted reproduction techniques, and lead to an improvement in both fertilization and implantation rates.

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