scholarly journals 65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: Exploiting insights on the RET receptor for personalized cancer medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. T189-T200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois M Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Double Helix ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Tumor Dissemination ◽  
Cancer Medicine ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome

The focus of precision cancer medicine is the use of patient genetic signatures to predict disease occurrence and course and tailor approaches to individualized treatment to improve patient outcomes. The rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase represents a paradigm for the power of personalized cancer management to change cancer impact and improve quality of life. Oncogenic activation of RET occurs through several mechanisms including activating mutations and increased or aberrant expression. Activating RET mutations found in the inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 permit early diagnosis, predict disease course and guide disease management to optimize patient survival. Rearrangements of RET found in thyroid and lung tumors provide insights on potential disease aggressiveness and offer opportunities for RET-targeted therapy. Aberrant RET expression in a subset of cases is associated with tumor dissemination, resistance to therapies and/or poorer prognosis in multiple cancers. The potential of RET targeting through repurposing of small-molecule multikinase inhibitors, selective RET inhibitors or other novel approaches provides exciting opportunities to individualize therapies across multiple pathologies where RET oncogenicity contributes to cancer outcomes.

scholarly journals Current Achievements and Applications of Transcriptomics in Personalized Cancer Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Supplitt ◽  
Pawel Karpinski ◽  
Maria Sasiadek ◽  
Izabela Laczmanska
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Personalized Cancer Medicine ◽  
Tumor Diagnostics ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Cancer Medicine ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Over the last decades, transcriptome profiling emerged as one of the most powerful approaches in oncology, providing prognostic and predictive utility for cancer management. The development of novel technologies, such as revolutionary next-generation sequencing, enables the identification of cancer biomarkers, gene signatures, and their aberrant expression affecting oncogenesis, as well as the discovery of molecular targets for anticancer therapies. Transcriptomics contribute to a change in the holistic understanding of cancer, from histopathological and organic to molecular classifications, opening a more personalized perspective for tumor diagnostics and therapy. The further advancement on transcriptome profiling may allow standardization and cost reduction of its analysis, which will be the next step for transcriptomics to become a canon of contemporary cancer medicine.

Cancer predisposing germline mutations in patients (pts) with urothelial cancer (UC) of the renal pelvis (R-P), ureter (U) and bladder (B).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4510-4510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Carlo ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Diana Mandelker ◽  
Joseph Vijai ◽  
Catharine Kline Cipolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Germline Gene ◽  
Repair Pathway ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Hereditary Component ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome

4510 Background: Urothelial cancers (UC) are suspected to have a substantial hereditary component, but other than highly penetrant genes such as those in mismatch-repair pathway (e.g. MSH2) typically associated with R-P/U primaries, heritable gene mutations have not been systematically studied. We sought to investigate the prevalence of known cancer pre-disposing germline mutations in pts with UC originating from all sites within the urinary tract. Methods: Pts with R-P, U and B primaries, unselected for suspicion of inherited cancer syndrome, were prospectively enrolled from medical oncology and urology clinics to a germline sequencing protocol from June 2016 to January 2017. Germline gene analysis was performed in a CLIA-certified lab using a next generation sequencing (NGS) platform (MSK-IMPACT) that analyzes tumor-normal DNA pairs. The germline gene panel consisted of 76 genes associated with hereditary cancer predisposition. Results: As of January 24, 2017, 101 pts have NGS results available, with median age 63 (31-87), 76% male, 24% female. Primary sites were B (67%), R-P/U (31%), or both (3%). 73% had organ-confined disease and 27% had metastases. 8% had early onset (≤45 yrs at diagnosis), 10% had a family history of UC, 25% had documented non-UC cancers. 25 pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P-LP) mutations were identified in 22 patients. P-LP mutations were present in 29% of pts with R-P/U primaries and 18% of pts with B primaries. 12 DNA damage response gene alterations were found (4 CHEK2, 3 BRCA1, 2 BRCA2, 1 ATM, 1 BRIP1, 1 NBN) and 8 in Lynch syndrome associated genes (5 MSH2, 2 MSH6, 1 MLH1). Other mutations include 2 APC, 1 TP53, and 1 FH. Notably 3 pts had 2 alterations each ( MSH6/ APC, BRCA2/ APC, BRCA1/ CHEK2). 9/22 pts with P-LP mutations did not meet American College of Medical Genetics criteria for genetic screening. Conclusions: 22% of UC pts had a germline mutation in a cancer-associated gene. There was an unexpectedly high frequency of pts with DNA-repair pathway mutations. Active accrual is ongoing to define the full spectrum of alterations. These results have profound implications for genetic counseling and screening and further studies are warranted.

The Predisposing Gene of the Eker Rat Inherited Cancer Syndrome Is Tightly Linked to the Tuberous Sclerosis (TSC2) Gene

1994 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 1302-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hino ◽  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
H. Tsuchiya ◽  
Y. Kikuchi ◽  
E. Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tsc2 Gene ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Eker Rat ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome

scholarly journals Familial/inherited cancer syndrome: a focus on the highly consanguineous Arab population

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawz S. AlHarthi ◽  
Alya Qari ◽  
Alaa Edress ◽  
Malak Abedalthagafi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome

scholarly journals Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer: Multidisciplinary Case Report with Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wilcox ◽  
Melody Perpich ◽  
Amy Noffsinger ◽  
Mitchell C. Posner ◽  
Kumarasen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Prophylactic Gastrectomy ◽  
Signet Ring ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a rare, inherited cancer syndrome with at least one fourth of HDGC patients having an autosomal dominantly inherited mutation of CDH1 (E-Cadherin). Penetrance is relatively high (70–80% lifetime risk for gastric cancer). It is important for pathologists to recognize the syndrome's phenotype in early gastric lesions: patchy intramucosal signet ring cells often associated with pagetoid spread. Due to the insidious nature of this lesion, surveillance is limited and currently prophylactic gastrectomy is an option chosen by many HDGC patients. We present a case report from a multidisciplinary team of authors with a review of the literature that includes the updated guidelines for CDH1 genetic testing.

E-cadherin germline mutations define an inherited cancer syndrome dominated by diffuse gastric cancer

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parry J. Guilford ◽  
Justin B.W. Hopkins ◽  
William M. Grady ◽  
Sanford D. Markowitz ◽  
Joseph Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome ◽  
E Cadherin

Cowden’s syndrome

2011 ◽  
pp. 980-986
Author(s):  
Charis Eng
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Multinodular Goitre ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Cowden’S Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Adenomas ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome

Cowden’s syndrome (OMIM 158350), named after Rachel Cowden, is an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome characterized by multiple hamartomas involving organ systems derived from all three germ cell layers and a risk of breast and thyroid cancers (1, 2). Endocrinologists may make the diagnosis of Cowden’s syndrome when they are presented with these patients’ endocrine lesions, chief of which are multinodular goitre, thyroid adenomas, and epithelial thyroid cancer. The Cowden’s syndrome susceptibility gene, PTEN, is located on chromosome sub-band 10q23.3 (3, 4).

Discovery and prevalence of cancer-susceptibility germline mutations (Mts) in patients (Pts) with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4524-4524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Carlo ◽  
Semanti Mukherjee ◽  
Yelena Kemel ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Diana Mandelker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Inherited Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inherited Cancer Syndrome

4524 Background: About 5% of RCC is thought to be familial, but recent studies suggest this may be an underestimate (Int. J. Cancer;100:476). We studied the prevalence of germline cancer-susceptibility mts in pts with aRCC. Methods: Pts with aRCC (stage III or IV), unselected for suspicion of an inherited cancer syndrome, were offered germline testing for 76 cancer-associated genes between 10/2015 and 12/2016. Germline sequencing was done as part of MSK-IMPACT, a matched tumor-normal next-generation sequencing platform. Results: 203/213 pts accepted testing (median age 55, range 13-55) of whom 73% had clear cell RCC (ccRCC), 92% had metastases, 20% were early onset (≤46 yrs at diagnosis), 9% had a family history of RCC, 6% multifocal RCC at diagnosis, and 15% ≥2 primary malignancies. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic mts were found in 35 pts (17%): 12 (6%) with mts in genes associated with familial RCC; 10 (5%) mts in high/moderate penetrance genes not linked to RCC (Table).13 (6%) had mts in genes of low/uncertain penetrance or for autosomal recessive disease. Mts were present in 15% of ccRCC and 19% of non-ccRCC. Mts were not more common in pts with early onset, family history, multifocal RCC, or ≥2 malignancies (p>0.1 for each by Fisher’s exact test). Notably, 4/12 pts with mts in familial RCC genes did not meet the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) criteria for testing (1 each VHL, BAP1, SDHA, FH). Prevalence of CHEK2 mts was compared to population databases (ExAC); CHEK2 conferred a relative risk of 10.9 (p< 0. 002; CI=3.9-24.7) for RCC. Conclusions: 17% of aRCC pts had a germline mutation in a cancer-associated gene of which 33% of the high penetrance RCC germline mts were not identified using standard clinical criteria, providing rationale for broad testing. Once the increased risk is confirmed, CHEK2 should be included in RCC genetic testing. [Table: see text]

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