scholarly journals Exercise improves quality of life in androgen deprivation therapy-treated prostate cancer: systematic review of randomised controlled trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laisa Teleni ◽  
Raymond J Chan ◽  
Alexandre Chan ◽  
Elisabeth A Isenring ◽  
Ian Vela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) are likely to develop metabolic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, abdominal obesity and osteoporosis. Other treatment-related side effects adversely influence quality of life (QoL) including vasomotor distress, depression, anxiety, mood swings, poor sleep quality and compromised sexual function. The objective of this study was to systematically review the nature and effects of dietary and exercise interventions on QoL, androgen deprivation symptoms and metabolic risk factors in men with PCa undergoing ADT. An electronic search of CINAHL, CENTRAL, Medline, PsychINFO and reference lists was performed to identify peer-reviewed articles published between January 2004 and December 2014 in English. Eligible study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with pre- and post-intervention data. Data extraction and assessment of methodological quality with the Cochrane approach was conducted by two independent reviewers. Seven exercise studies were identified. Exercise significantly improved QoL, but showed no effect on metabolic risk factors (weight, waist circumference, lean or fat mass, blood pressure and lipid profile). Two dietary studies were identified, both of which tested soy supplements. Soy supplementation did not improve any outcomes. No dietary counselling studies were identified. No studies evaluated androgen-deficiency symptoms (libido, erectile function, sleep quality, mood swings, depression, anxiety and bone mineral density). Evidence from RCTs indicates that exercise enhances health- and disease-specific QoL in men with PCa undergoing ADT. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of exercise and dietary interventions on QoL, androgen deprivation symptoms and metabolic risk factors in this cohort.

scholarly journals The Combined Effect of Promoting the Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Malakou ◽  
Manolis Linardakis ◽  
Miranda Armstrong ◽  
Dimitra Zannidi ◽  
Charlie Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) public health guidelines have independently been linked to health benefits in adults. These behaviours form essential components of the traditional Mediterranean lifestyle. However, their combined effect on metabolic risk has not been systematically assessed. This systematic review with meta-analysis (PROSPERO; CRD42017073958) aimed to examine, for the first time, the combined effect of promoting the MD and PA compared with no treatment, treatment with MD or PA alone, or a different dietary and/or PA treatment, and estimate its magnitude on metabolic risk factors. Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were systematically searched until March 2018 for English language controlled interventions reporting the combined effects of the MD and PA on one or multiple metabolic risk factors in adults. Two researchers independently conducted data extraction and risk of bias assessment using a rigorous methodology. Reporting followed PRISMA guidelines. Quality of reporting and risk of bias were assessed using the CONSORT guidelines and the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool, respectively. Data from 12 articles reporting 11 randomised controlled trials (n = 1684) were included in the qualitative synthesis; across them, risk of bias was considered low, unclear and high for 42%, 25% and 33% of domains, respectively. Between-study heterogeneity ranged from 44% (triglycerides) to 98% (insulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-cholesterol). Compared to a control condition, there was strong evidence (p < 0.001) of a beneficial effect of promoting the MD and PA on body weight (−3.68 kg, 95% CI (confidence intervals) −5.48, −1.89), body mass index (−0.64 kg/m2, 95% CI −1.10, −0.18), waist circumference (−1.62 cm, 95% CI −2.58, −0.66), systolic (−0.83 mmHg, 95% CI −1.57, −0.09) and diastolic blood pressure (−1.96 mmHg, 95% CI −2.57, −1.35), HOMA-IR index (−0.90, 95% CI −1.22, −0.58), blood glucose (−7.32 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.82, −4.82), triglycerides (−18.47 mg/dL, 95% CI −20.13, −16.80), total cholesterol (−6.30 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.59, −3.02) and HDL-cholesterol (+3.99 mg/dL, 95% CI 1.22, 6.77). There was no evidence of an effect on insulin concentrations. The data presented here provide systematically identified evidence that concurrently promoting the MD and PA is likely to provide an opportunity for metabolic risk reduction. However, due to the high degree of heterogeneity, most likely due to the variation in control group treatment, and the small number of included studies, findings from the pooled analysis should be interpreted with caution. These findings also highlight the need for high quality randomised controlled trials examining the combined effect of the MD and PA on metabolic risk.

scholarly journals Reporting on Quality of Life in Randomised Controlled Trials in Gastrointestinal Surgery

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Bridoux ◽  
Grégoire Moutel ◽  
Benoit Lefebure ◽  
Michel Scotte ◽  
Francis Michot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled

A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of psychosocial interventions for acute mental health inpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Laura D Wainwright ◽  
Gillian Haddock ◽  
Charlotte Dunster-Page ◽  
Katherine Berry
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Patient Functioning ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background/Aims Inpatient wards provide an opportunity to intervene with medical, psychological and social care to contain distress and prevent future relapse. However, they have been criticised for an over-reliance on medication and risk management with limited psychosocial interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical trials of psychosocial interventions for inpatients to identify interventions that are effective at improving quality of life, symptoms or patient functioning. Methods An electronic search of six databases was conducted for papers published from 1806 up until February 2017. A total of 18 randomised controlled trials was identified in which outcomes for symptoms, quality of life or functioning were reported. Results Overall, 15 trials showed a statistically significant result for at least one outcome. Seven categories were identified from the 18 studies, at least one in each category was found to be effective for symptoms, quality of life or functioning. The majority were effective (15 out of 18). Conclusions Given that the methodological quality was generally low and number of randomised controlled trials were small, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Recommendations include more and repeated trials using rigorous methods of testing and reporting.

scholarly journals The role of animal-assisted therapy in the management of people with dementia: a systematic literature review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S276-S276
Author(s):  
Syed Nabeel Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Animal Assisted Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AimsThe aim of this systematic literature review was to determine the evidence-based effectiveness of animal assisted interventions and to look at the factors that limit implementation of this intervention.BackgroundDementia is a major health issue worldwide impacting not only on the people diagnosed with dementia, but also on their families and caregivers, and the healthcare professionals. The symptoms of dementia include cognitive impairment that can range from mild to severe, and behavioural and psychological symptoms which have debilitating effects on functional capacity and quality of life. A number of non-pharmacological interventions are being developed to help people with dementia. Animal assisted therapy is one of those interventions that has demonstrated positive effects on various aspects of dementia (Filan and Llewellyn-Jones, 2006). However, there are limitations to its use and feasibility of animal assisted therapy programmes is unclear.MethodOnly randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) were to be included to evaluate high quality evidence. A systematic literature search was carried out to find using the PubMed and Cochrane databases and a search of the NICE website. Literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight randomised-controlled trials were selected to be used in this systematic review to assess the effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy.ResultThe results regarding the effectiveness of animal assisted therapy were variable. There was some improvement demonstrated in symptoms of depression, agitation, behaviour and cognitive impairment. Quality of life and activities of daily living also demonstrated positive outcomes. There was a reduction in the risk of falls in people with dementia. However, the studies conducted demonstrated limited methodologies. The factors limiting the use of animal assisted therapy were found to be concerns around adverse events to animals, issues of animal welfare and economic feasibility of animal assisted therapy programmes.ConclusionFurther research needs to be done using properly conducted randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes to formally assess people's perceptions regarding therapy animals and develop clear guidelines and protocols for integrating these interventions in healthcare.

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