scholarly journals Association of subclinical hypercortisolism with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study in hospitalized patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Chiodini ◽  
Massimo Torlontano ◽  
Alfredo Scillitani ◽  
Maura Arosio ◽  
Simonetta Bacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Subclinical Hypercortisolism ◽  
Free Cortisol

Objective: Subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) may play a role in several metabolic disorders, including diabetes. No data are available on the relative prevalence of SH in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In order to compare the prevalence of SH in T2D and matched non-diabetic control individuals, we performed a case-controlled, multicenter, 12-month study, enrolling 294 consecutive T2D inpatients (1.7% dropped out the study) with no evidence of clinical hypercortisolism and 189 consecutive age- and body mass index-matched non-diabetic inpatients (none of whom dropped out). Design and methods: Ascertained SH (ASH) was diagnosed in individuals (i) with plasma cortisol after 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression >1.8 μg/dl (50 nmol/l), (ii) with more than one of the following: (a) urinary free cortisol >60.0 μg/24 h (165.6 nmol/24 h), (b) plasma ACTH <10.0 pg/ml (2.2 pmol/l) or (c) plasma cortisol >7.5 μg/dl (207 nmol/l) at 24:00 h or >1.4 μg/dl (38.6 nmol/l) after dexamethasone-CRH (serum cortisol after corticotrophin-releasing hormone stimulus during dexamethasone administration) test, and (iii) in whom the source of glucocorticoid excess was suggested by imaging and by additional biochemical tests (for ACTH-dependent ASH). Results: Prevalence of ASH was higher in diabetic individuals than in controls (9.4 versus 2.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–14.1; P = 0.004). In our population the proportion of T2D which is statistically attributable to ASH was approx. 7%. Among diabetic patients, the presence of severe diabetes (as defined by the coexistence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin treatment) was significantly associated with SH (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–10.2; P = 0.017). Conclusions: In hospitalized patients, SH is associated with T2D.

scholarly journals Glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110230
Author(s):  
Tadesse Alemu ◽  
Tirhas Tadesse ◽  
Getasew Amogne
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the level of glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size was determined using a single proportion formula and 245 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in this study. Systematic sampling method was used to select the study subjects. Standard questionnaire was used to collect patient’s biographic data, economic data, self-care activities, and patient compliance to medications. Summary statistics of a given data were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to measure the relationship between the outcome and predictor variable. Direction and strength of association was expressed using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Result: More than three-fourth, 191 (80.3%) of diabetic patients had poor glycemic control. Poor glycemic control was found to be 7.03 times higher among diabetic patients with duration of 5–10 years (adjusted odds ratio = 7.03, 95% confidence interval = 2.7–18.6). Similarly, diabetic patients with a duration of above 10 years were poorly controlled their blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.028–5.08) in comparison to diabetic patients with a duration of fewer than 5 years. It was also found that compliance with a specific diet was significantly associated with good control of blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–11.13). Conclusion: The magnitude of patients with poor glycemic control was high. Duration of diabetes and non-compliance with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and diets low in fat and sugar were significantly related to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Therefore, developing strategies targeted toward improving blood glucose control with special attention to diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with a duration of ⩾5 years and those who poorly comply with their diet was strongly recommended.

scholarly journals The E23K Variant of KCNJ11 Encoding the Pancreatic β-Cell Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Subunit Kir6.2 Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Secondary Failure to Sulfonylurea in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2334-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Sesti ◽  
Emanuela Laratta ◽  
Marina Cardellini ◽  
Francesco Andreozzi ◽  
Silvia Del Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Secondary Failure

Abstract Context: Several studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the different responses to antidiabetic therapy; however, conclusive evidence is still lacking. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether diabetic patients carrying the E23K variant in KCNJ11 are at increased risk for secondary sulfonylurea failure. Design: Secondary sulfonylurea failure was defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than 300 mg/dl despite sulfonylurea-metformin combined therapy and appropriate diet, in the absence of other conditions causing hyperglycemia. Setting: The study was conducted in an ambulatory care facility. Patients: A total of 525 Caucasian type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. Intervention: Sulfonylurea treatment was followed by sulfonylurea-metformin combined therapy and then insulin treatment. Main Outcome Measure: Secondary failure was the main outcome measure. Results: Of the diabetic patients enrolled in the study, 38.5% were E23E homozygous, 51.4% were E23K heterozygous, and 10.1% were K23K homozygous. The frequency of carriers of the K allele was 58 and 66.8% among patients treated with oral therapy or secondary sulfonylurea failure, respectively (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.09; P = 0.04). Adjustment for age, gender, fasting glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, age at diagnosis, and duration of diabetes in a logistic regression analysis did not change this association (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.78; P = 0.04). Islets isolated from carriers of the K allele showed no differences in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and a tendency toward reduced response upon glibenclamide stimulation (P = 0.09). After 24-h exposure to high (16.7 mmol/liter) glucose concentration, impairment of glibenclamide-induced insulin release was significantly (P = 0.01) worse with the E23K variant. Conclusions: These data suggest that the E23K variant in KCNJ11 may influence the variability in the response of patients to sulfonylureas, thus representing an example of pharmacogenetics in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic foot ulcers among type 2 diabetic patients attending chronic follow-up clinics at governmental hospitals of Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia: A 5-year (2013–2017) retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212098738
Author(s):  
Assefa Tola ◽  
Lemma Demissie Regassa ◽  
Yohanes Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Introduction: Diabetic foot disease is a growing major public health problem and the leading cause of prolonged hospital admission, health-related costs, and reduced quality of life for diabetes patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients in Harari Region, East Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based retrospective study was conducted from 28 March to 30 April 2018, among type 2 diabetes patients diagnosed between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017, at three government hospitals of Harari Region. Data were collected using a standard checklist format. Data were entered into Epi Info Version 7 and analyzed using SPSS 24. Binary and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the associated factors. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was used to determine level of association. Result: A document of 502 type 2 diabetes patients was reviewed and included in the final analysis in this study. The prevalence of DFU among type 2 diabetes patients was 21.1%. Being currently married decreased the odds of DFU by 60% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.96). Factors associated with increased diabetes ulcers chance were physical inactivity 2.29 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.17–4.48), starting treatment with insulin 4.43 times (adjusted odds ratio = 4.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.84–10.67), obesity 27.76 (adjusted odds ratio = 27.76; 95% confidence interval: 13.96–55.23), delay to start follow-up 2.22 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–4.82), history of infection 3.50 (adjusted odds ratio= 3.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.83–6.69), and hypertension 3.99 (adjusted odds ratio = 3.99; 95% confidence interval: 2.08–7.65). Conclusion: The prevalence of DFU among type 2 diabetes is substantially high as more than one in five patients have this complication. Moreover, marital status, physical activity, baseline medication, obesity, delay for follow-up, infection history, and hypertension were significantly associated with the development of DFU.

Abstract MP031: Birth Weight, Genetic-Susceptibility and Adulthood Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Li ◽  
Qibin Qi ◽  
Tsegaselassie Workalemahu ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Lu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Genotype Score

Background: Both stressful intrauterine milieus and genetic susceptibility have been linked to later life diabetes risk. The present study aims to examine the interaction between low birth weight, a surrogate measure of stressful intrauterine milieus, and genetic susceptibility in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Methods: The analysis included two independent, nested case-control studies of in total 2591 cases of type 2 diabetes and 3052 healthy controls from prospective cohorts: the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). We developed 2 genotype scores using susceptibility loci recently identified through Genome Wide Association Studies: 1) an ‘obesity genotype score’ based on 32 BMI-predisposing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); and 2) a ‘diabetes genotype score’ based on 35 diabetes-predisposing SNPs. Results: Both the obesity genotype score and diabetes genotype score showed consistently significant association with risk of type 2 diabetes in NHS and HPFS ( P for trend < 0.01). In the pooled sample of the two cohorts, we found significant interaction between birth weight and obesity genotype score in relation to type 2 diabetes ( P for interaction=0.017). In low birth weight individuals (≤ 2.5 kg), the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–4.84) in the comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of the obesity genotype score, while the OR was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.04–1.55) among individuals with birth weight above 2.5kg. Diabetes genotype score also showed stronger association with type 2 diabetes risk in individuals with low birth weight than those with high birth weight. Comparing individuals of the highest with the lowest quartile of the diabetes genotype score, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio was 3.80 (95%CI: 1.76–8.24) among individuals with low birth weight and was 2.27 (95%CI: 1.82–2.83) among those with high birth weight. However, test for interaction was marginal ( P =0.16). Conclusion: Our data suggest low birth weight and genetic susceptibility to obesity may synergistically affect adulthood risk of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Association between PNPLA2 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Han Population with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hailing Zhao ◽  
Haojun Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
Meihua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Chinese Han Population ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Han Population

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Here, we investigated the association of PNPLA2 gene variations with DKD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. A total of 818 participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited in the case-control study, including 379 patients diagnosed with DKD. We observed that 2 tagSNPs, PNPLA2 rs28633403 (A>G) and rs1138714 (A>G), were associated with DKD (rs28633403: genotype, P=0.017; allele, P=0.015; rs1138714: genotype, P=0.029; allele, P=0.018). PNPLA2 rs1138693 (T>C), a missense SNP, showed no association with DKD (genotype, P=0.966; allele, P=0.845). Genetic model analysis revealed that minor allele G of PNPLA2 rs28633403 was a protective factor of DKD in a dominant model adjusted by confounders (AG+GG vs. AA: adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.619; 95% CI 0.447-0.857; P=0.004) and in an additive model (AG vs. AA: aOR, 0.633; 95% CI 0.447-0.895; P=0.010; GG vs. AA: aOR, 0.588; 95% CI 0.385-0.897; P=0.014). Minor allele G of PNPLA2 rs1138714 was associated with a higher risk of DKD in a dominant model adjusted by confounders (AG+GG vs. AA: adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.531; 95% CI 1.134-2.067; P=0.005) and in an additive model (AG vs. AA: aOR, 1.529; 95% CI 1.118-2.091; P=0.008). The combined effect of PNPLA2 rs28633403 AA+rs1138714 AG or GG genotype showed an association with DKD, adjusted by confounders (aOR, 2.194; 95% CI 1.378-3.492; P=0.001), which was considered statistically significant with a markedly increased risk of DKD after a Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple tests (P<0.00125). Our results suggest that PNPLA2 rs28633403 and rs1138714 are significantly associated with the risk of DKD in a Chinese Han population with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in TCF7L2 rs7903146 correlating with peripheral arterial disease in long-standing type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147916411988847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eu Jeong Ku ◽  
Gun Woo Won ◽  
Yong Hee Lee ◽  
Dong-Hwa Lee ◽  
Hyun Jeong Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Tcf7l2 Rs7903146

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene ( TCF7L2) rs7903146 polymorphism and peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes. Methods: In total, 1818 Korean type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled from January 2013 to December 2017. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to their duration of type 2 diabetes: long (⩾10 years, n = 771) and short (<10 years, n = 1047) durations. A multivariate logistic regression model was used for assuming an additive effect on peripheral arterial disease for the presence of a variant allele in TCF7L2 rs7903146. Results: The frequency of the minor T-allele was 7.6% ( n = 139), and this allele was significantly associated with a 2.6-fold higher risk of peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio = 2.595, 95% confidence interval = 1.177–5.722, p = 0.018) in patients exhibiting a long duration of type 2 diabetes (⩾10 years). This result was significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, familial history of diabetes, smoking, duration of diabetes and laboratory measurements, which included glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and lipid profiles. In patients with diabetes < 10 years, there was no significant association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 and peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio = 1.233, 95% confidence interval = 0.492–3.093, p = 0.655). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that genetic variation in TCF7L2 rs7903146 could increase risk for peripheral arterial disease in patients exhibiting long-standing type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Network Meta-Analysis of Novel Glucose-Lowering Drugs on Risk of Acute Kidney Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhao ◽  
Shusen Sun ◽  
Zhenguang Huang ◽  
Tiansheng Wang ◽  
Huilin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Event Driven

Background and objectivesLittle is known about the comparative effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), or sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on risk of AKI. This study aimed to compare the effects of these three novel classes of glucose-lowering drugs on AKI risk in patients with or without type 2 diabetes, by network meta-analysis of event-driven cardiovascular or kidney outcome trials.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe systematically searched electronic databases up to September 2020, and included 20 event-driven cardiovascular or kidney outcome trials (18 trials included patients with type 2 diabetes only, and two trials included patients with or without type 2 diabetes). A network meta-analysis using a frequentist approach was performed to compare the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1RAs, or SGLT2 inhibitors on risk of AKI, and estimate the probability for each intervention as the safest one. The primary analysis included 18 trials with type 2 diabetes only, and a secondary analysis included 20 trials.ResultsIn the 18 trials with a total of 2051 AKI events (range: 1–300) among 156,690 patients with type 2 diabetes only, our network meta-analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of AKI compared with placebo (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.88), whereas both DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs had neutral effects on risk of AKI. Moreover, SGLT2 inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk in AKI than both GLP-1RAs (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.97) and DPP-4 inhibitors (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.86). SGLT2 inhibitors have the highest probability of being the safest intervention (84%). The results were similar in the secondary analysis.ConclusionsCurrent evidence indicates that SGLT2 inhibitors have a lower risk of AKI than both DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs.

scholarly journals The occurrence of urinary tract infection and determinant factors among diabetic patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110606
Author(s):  
Betelhem Walelgn ◽  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Prem Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Khat Chewer

Introduction: Diabetic patients have a higher tendency of developing all infections, especially infections of the genitourinary tract. Urinary tract infections cause considerable disorders in diabetic patients, and if complicated, can cause renal failure. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of diabetes mellitus-associated urinary tract infections increased from 7.1% in 2005 to 33.9% in 2019. The successful management of patients suffering from urinary tract infections in diabetic patients depends upon the identification of risk factors. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors affecting the urinary tract infections among diabetic patients which enable professionals to prevent infections and manage them effectively. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 365 diabetic patients selected by systematic sampling technique from March to April 2020. Data were collected by trained BSc nurses via face-to-face interview and patient chart review. Urine microscopy was done to diagnose urinary tract infections. Data were coded and entered using Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 26 for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were included multivariable logistic regression and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The magnitude of urinary tract infections was 22.3% (95% confidence interval: 18–27). The odds of being infected by urinary tract infections were significantly higher in diabetic females (adjusted odds ratio: 2.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.40–4.32), duration of diabetes mellitus diagnosis of ⩾5 years (adjusted odds ratio: 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.72), with comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio: 4.87; 95% confidence interval: 2.76–8.59) and khat chewer (adjusted odds ratio: 1.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–3.24) compared with their counter. Conclusion and recommendation: Urinary tract infections were high among diabetic patients. Predictors like sex, duration of diagnosis, comorbidity, and khat chewer were found to be associated with urinary tract infections. Improvement of the regular screening of patients with diabetes mellitus for urinary tract infections will provide more effective measures in prevention and management.

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taif population: a case-control study

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Q. Alkhedaide ◽  
A. Mergani ◽  
A. A. Aldhahrani ◽  
A. Sabry ◽  
M. M. Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Similar Data

Abstract Several reasons may underlie the dramatic increase in type2 diabetes mellitus. One of these reasons is the genetic basis and variations. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with different diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association of two identified mutations ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236). Eighty-nine healthy individuals and Fifty-six Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) patients were investigated using RFLP technique for genotyping and haplotyping as well. The distribution of Apal genotypes was not statistically significant among the control (P=0.65) as well as for diabetic patients (P=0.58). For Taql allele frequencies of T allele was 0.61 where of G allele was 0.39. The frequency distribution of Taql genotypes was not statistically significant among the control (P=0.26) as well as diabetic patients (P=0.17). Relative risk of the allele T of Apa1 gene is 1.28 and the odds ratio of the same allele is 1.53, while both estimates were < 1.0 of the allele G. Similarly, with the Taq1 gene the relative risk and the odds ratio values for the allele T are 1.09 and 1.27 respectively and both estimates of the allele C were 0.86 for the relative risk and 0.79 for the odds ratio. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs Taq1/apa1 was statistically significant in control group (D = 0.218, D' = 0.925 and P value < 0.001) and similar data in diabetic groups (D = 0.2, D' = 0.875 and P value < 0.001). These data suggest that the T allele of both genes Apa1 and Taq1 is associated with the increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We think that we need a larger number of volunteers to reach a more accurate conclusion.

Prevalence of subclinical hypercortisolism in type 2 diabetic patients from the Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise S. Costa ◽  
Flavia L. Conceição ◽  
Nathalie C. Leite ◽  
Marcel T. Ferreira ◽  
Gil F. Salles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Subclinical Hypercortisolism ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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