scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Monascus purpureus Went rice in subjects with hyperlipidemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chieh Lin ◽  
Tsai-Chung Li ◽  
Ming-May Lai
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering effect of Monascus purpureus Went rice on serum lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia, and to assess its safety by reporting adverse events and clinical laboratory measurements. Design and methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In all, 79 patients (aged 23–65 years) with a mean baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level of 5.28 mmol/l (203.9 mg/dl) received a twice daily dose of placebo or Monascus purpureus Went rice (600 mg) for 8 weeks. Results: At week 8, Monascus purpureus Went rice therapy reduced LDL-C by 27.7%, total cholesterol by 21.5%, triglycerides by 15.8% and apolipoprotein B by 26.0%. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels were increased by 0.9 and 3.4% respectively (not significant). No patient in the Monascus purpureus Went rice treatment group had an alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or creatine phosphokinase (CPK) measurement that was ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal at week 4 and week 8. Conclusion: Monascus purpureus Went rice significantly reduced LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B levels, and was well tolerated in patients with hyperlipidemia. However, this study only provides data from an 8-week trial and long-term safety and efficacy data are needed.

Abstract 5054: Apolipoprotein B, but not Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis Beyond Total Cholesterol in Diabetics and Non-Diabetics

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth S Martin ◽  
Atif N Qasim ◽  
Daniel J Rader ◽  
Muredach P Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Introduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that apolipoprotein B (apoB) is superior to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in prediction of cardiovascular events. Yet, an important outstanding question is whether apoB, relative to LDL, is an enhanced marker for subclinical atherosclerosis, particularly in diabetics where LDL levels may underestimate atherogenic lipid burden due to increased proportion of small, dense LDL. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that plasma apoB would be a better predictor than LDL-C of coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores in type 2 diabetics and non-type 2 diabetics. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses of asymptomatic Caucasians in (1) The Study of Inherited Risk of Coronary Atherosclerosis (434 men and 383 women; median age 48, non-diabetics) and (2) The Penn Diabetes Heart Study (580 men and 261 women; median age 60, type 2 diabetics). Results: Levels of apoB and LDL-C were correlated in diabetics (r=0.78, p<0.001) and non-diabetics (r=0.77, p<0.001). There was no association between LDL-C and CAC in diabetics. In non-diabetics, an association of LDL-C was lost after adjustment for total cholesterol. In contrast, after controlling for age, gender, statin therapy, and total cholesterol, levels of apoB were positively associated with CAC in diabetics [tobit regression ratio for 30 mg/dl increase in apoB 2.94 (95% CI 1.62 – 5.53), p=0.001) and had a more modest association with CAC in non-diabetics [1.67 (95% CI 1.16 – 2.32), p=0.005]. Conclusions: ApoB, but not LDL-C, predicted CAC scores, a measure of coronary atherosclerotic burden. The strength of this association was greater in diabetics than non-diabetics. Relative to LDL-C, plasma apoB levels may be particularly useful in assessing CVD risk in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals To Compare the Effects of Terminalia Arjuna with Rosuvastatin on Total Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Vijay kumar Sehgal ◽  
Vijay Kumar Bajaj ◽  
Harcharan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference

<strong>Background:</strong>In India, CVD is a leading cause of death. Among the modifiable risk factors, hyperlipidemia is one of the important factors. Therefore lowering cholesterol level is a key factor in controlling this disease.<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To compare the effect of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous drug with Rosuvastatin on serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, in patients of either sex with dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> An open prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in on 60 patients for the duration of 12 weeks. Patients were distributed into two groups of 30 patients each. Group I was given Rosuvastatin 10 mg daily and group II was given capsules containing bark powder of T.arjuna 500 mg twice daily. Patients TC and LDL-C levels were performed at baseline and then repeated at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. The results of both the therapies were then compared and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> T.arjuna leads to greater reduction in mean TC level than Rosuvastatin (-14.06±8.07% vs -10.10±5.39%), (- 24.73±10.69% vs -19.42±9.98%) and (-27.89±9.25% vs - 24.74±10.02%) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. The difference between both the groups was statistically non-significant (p&gt;0.05) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The reduction in mean LDL-C level was also greater with T.arjuna as compared to Rosuvastatin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both Rosuvastatin and T.arjuna were effective in causing significant decrease in serum TC and LDLC levels, but T.arjuna had a slight edge over Rosuvastatin as it showed greater reduction in TC and LDL-C levels as compare to Rosuvastatin. And was found to be safe and well tolerated.</p>

scholarly journals Bilirubin ameliorates murine atherosclerosis through inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and reshaping the immune system

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanmei Wen ◽  
Leyi Yao ◽  
Yali Hao ◽  
Jinheng Wang ◽  
Jinbao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused mainly by lipid accumulation and excessive inflammatory immune response. Although the lipid-lowering and cardioprotective properties of bilirubin, as well as the negative relationship between bilirubin and atherosclerosis, were well documented, it is not yet clear whether bilirubin can attenuate atherosclerosis in vivo. In this study, we investigated the role of bilirubin in improving atherosclerosis. We found that mildly elevated bilirubin significantly reduced the risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, liver total cholesterol, and cholesterol ester concentration in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice fed a western-type (high fat) diet. It was further found that bilirubin could promote the degradation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), a rate-limiting enzyme for endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Using mass cytometry-based high dimensional single cell analysis, we observed a decrease of natural killer cells and an increase of dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which all are closely associated with atherosclerosis risk factors and contribute to the improvement of atherosclerosis, in ApoE−/− mice treated with bilirubin. By in-depth analysis, modulation of multiple spleen or peripheral blood T cell clusters exhibiting either positive or negative correlations with total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was detected after bilirubin treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that bilirubin serves as a negative regulator of atherosclerosis and reduces atherosclerosis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and modulating the immune system.

scholarly journals Persistent arterial wall inflammation in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) despite strong low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibody treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (33) ◽  
pp. 2775-2781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte C A Stiekema ◽  
Erik S G Stroes ◽  
Simone L Verweij ◽  
Helina Kassahun ◽  
Lisa Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein A

AbstractAimsSubjects with lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] elevation have increased arterial wall inflammation and cardiovascular risk. In patients at increased cardiovascular risk, arterial wall inflammation is reduced following lipid-lowering therapy by statin treatment or lipoprotein apheresis. However, it is unknown whether lipid-lowering treatment in elevated Lp(a) subjects alters arterial wall inflammation. We evaluated whether evolocumab, which lowers both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Lp(a), attenuates arterial wall inflammation in patients with elevated Lp(a).Methods and resultsIn this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 129 patients {median [interquartile range (IQR)]: age 60.0 [54.0–67.0] years, Lp(a) 200.0 [155.5–301.5] nmol/L [80.0 (62.5–121.0) mg/dL]; mean [standard deviation (SD)] LDL-C 3.7 [1.0] mmol/L [144.0 (39.7) mg/dL]; National Cholesterol Education Program high risk, 25.6%} were randomized to monthly subcutaneous evolocumab 420 mg or placebo. Compared with placebo, evolocumab reduced LDL-C by 60.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 65.8–55.5] and Lp(a) by 13.9% (95% CI 19.3–8.5). Among evolocumab-treated patients, the Week 16 mean (SD) LDL-C level was 1.6 (0.7) mmol/L [60.1 (28.1) mg/dL], and the median (IQR) Lp(a) level was 188.0 (140.0–268.0) nmol/L [75.2 (56.0–107.2) mg/dL]. Arterial wall inflammation [most diseased segment target-to-background ratio (MDS TBR)] in the index vessel (left carotid, right carotid, or thoracic aorta) was assessed by 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography. Week 16 index vessel MDS TBR was not significantly altered with evolocumab (−8.3%) vs. placebo (−5.3%) [treatment difference −3.0% (95% CI −7.4% to 1.4%); P = 0.18].ConclusionEvolocumab treatment in patients with median baseline Lp(a) 200.0 nmol/L led to a large reduction in LDL-C and a small reduction in Lp(a), resulting in persistent elevated Lp(a) levels. The latter may have contributed to the unaltered arterial wall inflammation.

Arterial Damage, Triglycerides, Apolipoprotein, and Lp-(a) Values in PVD Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
M. Catalano ◽  
E. Perilli ◽  
G. Carzaniga ◽  
G. Scandale ◽  
M. Carotta
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Arterial Damage

The aim of the study was to provide a detailed apolipoproteic profile in stage II peripheral vascular disease (PVD) patients and to ascertain whether lower ankle/ arm pressure index (API) values were associated with a worse profile. Apolipoproteins of 83 stage II PVD patients (average age 64.7 ± 9.3 years) were selected and compared with those of a group of 44 normal control subjects, similar in terms of age, sex, and smoking and eating habits. Neither PVD patients nor controls had ever received lipid-lowering agents or defined dietary treatment. A diagnosis of PVD was confirmed by an API of <0.85. Arteriopathic patients were also split into two groups, depending on their API values, similar in terms of age, sex and smoking habits: API values of one group (n = 38) were ≥0.6, those of the other group (n = 45) were <0.6. The following biohumoral parameters were considered: fasting glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C (TC/ HDL-C), Apoproteins (Apos) AI, AII, B, CII, CIII, and E; and lipoprotein a [Lp(a)]. HDL-C and Apo AI were lower ( p < 0.01), while TC/ HDL-C ratios, Apo B, and Apo CII were higher ( p < 0.01) in PVD patients compared with controls. The comparison between the two PVD groups with different API values showed higher blood TG and VLDL-C values for the patients with lower API values (p < 0.05), indicating a relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and greater arterial damage. Key Words: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease-Triglyceride-Lipoprotein a.

A new formula for estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in an ethnic Chinese population

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yun Hu ◽  
Chia-Lin Lee ◽  
Wayne H.-H. Sheu ◽  
Jun-Sing Wang ◽  
I-Te Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Testing Group

AbstractLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is usually estimated by the Friedewald formula (FF) calculated from three parameters, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). We aimed to develop a new and simple formula (NF) for LDL-C estimation.This cross-sectional study enrolled two study populations (a testing group, n=16,749, and a validation group, n=4940). Linear regression analysis was used in the testing group to investigate the association between measured LDL-C (mLDL-C) and TC concentration, and was verified in the validation group.The NF yielded an estimated LDL-C (eLDL-C) equal to 0.75×total cholesterol–0.6465 (mmol/L). For the subjects with TC between 2.58 and 7.74 mmol/L, the difference between mLDL-C and eLDL-C using the NF was less than that from the FF (testing group: –0.04 to –0.20 vs. –0.28 to –0.38 mmol/L; validation group: 0.01 to –0.12 vs. –0.23 to –0.30 mmol/L; p<0.001, respectively). The predictability of the NF was not inferior to that of the FF in subjects with different triglyceride and HDL-C concentrations, and was not affected by diabetes diagnosis and statin use. However, the NF performed similar to or worse than the FF at TC concentrations <2.58 mmol/L and >7.74 mmol/L, respectively.In the Chinese population, the accuracy of eLDL-C measurement with the NF was better than that with the FF, especially in subjects with TC levels between 2.58 and 7.74 mmol/L. The NF is simple and may be used for screening as well as for follow-up of patients on lipid lowering agents.

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